exam i motor strategies mate calling in crickets song production by s
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PART 3: MOTOR STRATEGIES #11: MATE CALLING IN CRICKETS I. exam I motor strategies mate calling in crickets song production by s song recognition by s sender-receiver matching summary. SENSORY INPUT MOTOR OUTPUT. VISION. CENTRAL INTEGRATION. COURT. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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exam I motor strategies mate calling in crickets
song production by s song recognition by s sender-receiver matching summary
PART 3: MOTOR STRATEGIES#11: MATE CALLING IN CRICKETS I
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SENSORY INPUT MOTOR OUTPUT
VISION
OLFACTION
GUSTATION
AUDITION
MOTIVATION
COURT
FORAGE
ATTACK
ESCAPE
FREEZE
CEN
TRA
LIN
TEGR
ATIO
N
MOTOR STRATEGIES
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SENSORY INPUT MOTOR OUTPUT
VISION
OLFACTION
GUSTATION
AUDITION
MOTIVATION
COURT
FORAGE
ATTACK
ESCAPE
FREEZE
CEN
TRA
LIN
TEGR
ATIO
N
MOTOR STRATEGIES
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SENSORY INPUT MOTOR OUTPUT
VISION
OLFACTION
GUSTATION
AUDITION
MOTIVATION
COURT
FORAGE
ATTACK
ESCAPE
FREEZE
CEN
TRA
LIN
TEGR
ATIO
N
MOTOR STRATEGIES
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complex activity, requires
eg, coordinated operation of limbs
often rapid & appropriate responses to environmental signals
sensory-motor interface... behavior itself changes requirements of subsequent behavior
MOTOR STRATEGIES
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song production by s only...
innate recognition by s...
innate attraction by s
s navigate s... courtship
stereotypic song
many species... many different songs
MATE CALLING IN CRICKETS
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~ 2600 modern cricket species
most work on 3 related temperate latitude families: bush crickets (Tettigoniidae) field crickets (Gryllidae) mole crickets (Gryllotalpidae)
most nocturnal
high predation... many predators, avoid by hiding, freezing, burrowing, fleeing, camouflage short calls ~ ventriloquism... hard to locate
MATE CALLING IN CRICKETS
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song production in s by scraping wings together
several types of song calling song courtship song aggressive song
MATE CALLING IN CRICKETS
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song production in s by scraping wings together
several types of song calling song
response = positive phonotaxis call & remain stationary... attract single call & move... attract many s amplify & direct call using hollow trees, burrows
courtship song aggressive song
MATE CALLING IN CRICKETS
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song production in s by scraping wings together
several types of song calling song courtship song
1 of many signals (olfactory, visual, tactile) aggressive song
MATE CALLING IN CRICKETS
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song production in s by scraping wings together
several types of song calling song courtship song aggressive song
establish territory threaten impending aggression
MATE CALLING IN CRICKETS
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several types of song
1st…how NOT to study cricket songs…
calling song…
courtship song
aggressive song…
establish territory
threaten impending aggression
MATE CALLING IN CRICKETS
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calling by wing scissor motion = stridulation
file & scraper on wings
sound ~ comb
chirps & syllables
sonogram... amplify...
SONG PRODUCTION BY s
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oscillogram cycles
carrier frequency 5 kHz 1 scraper tooth
pulses = syllables 1 stridulation
chirps & trills sequences
SONG PRODUCTION BY s
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cricket CNS
chain of ganglia = functional aggregates of neurons
linked by paired connectives
brain (3 fused) sensory input
subeosphageal ganglion
thoracic ganglia (3)
abdominal ganglia (?)
HEAD
SONG PRODUCTION BY s
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meso- & metathoracic ganglia
motor neurons innervate wing elevator muscles wing depressor muscles
SONG PRODUCTION CIRCUITRY
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meso- & metathoracic ganglia motor neurons innervate
wing elevator muscles wing depressor muscles
observe a coordinated sequence of events…
record from motoneuron muscle... EMG
electromyogram
SONG PRODUCTION CIRCUITRY
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correlate with tegmen movement muscle contraction sound ... closing only
note timing of events oscillating pattern reciprocal output to antagonistic muscles typical rhythmic motor
activity... eg ,walking
SONG PRODUCTION CIRCUITRY
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interneuron spikes
motoneuron spikes
thoracic ganglia contain central pattern generator
inhibition (C)
activity (B)
correlate calls (A)
SONG PRODUCTION CIRCUITRY
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central pattern generator (CPG) call “machinery”
brain call “decision”... from 3 experiments: focal stimulation in head
call & courtship songs stimulate cervical connective (in “neck”)
call & courtship songs cut off head... stimulate individual neurons in cervical connective...
call, courtship & aggression single neurons encode each type of trigger
TRIGGERING A SONG
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central pattern generator (CPG) call “machinery”
brain call “decision” signals not ~ timing
of calls, only onset
TRIGGERING A SONG
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brain / cervical connective stimulation shows that...
1. behavior onset but not pattern timing ~ stimulation descending signals need patterning from CPG
2. stimulus freq. ~ rate of chirping only rate encoded by brain
3. stimulus freq. or strength transition from call courtship or aggression weakest trigger call
TRIGGERING A SONG
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brain / cervical connective stimulation shows that...
4. duration of brain stimulus ~ duration of call constant brain stimulus required for call
5. some stimulation call suppression... stimulus off resumed calling more intense, often courtship, postinhibitory rebound ~ song courtship in nature
TRIGGERING A SONG
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song & response studied for > 200 yrs
how do s recognize song ? navigate s ... phonotaxis ?
can test for hrs distance constantnever “”
many versions of device... different questions
SONG RECOGNITION BY s
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walks toward artificial call
zigzag pattern
oscillations 60° ~ direct line to source
SONG RECOGNITION BY s
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what song features attract s ?
computer-constructed songs played s
varied components syllable rate syllable duration chirp rate # syllables / chirp duty cycle / chirp
SONG RECOGNITION BY s
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what song features attract s ?
computer-constructed songs played s
varied components syllable rate
30 / s others not critical
SONG RECOGNITION BY s
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how does the first recognize the song ? localize the song ?
2 tympanic membranes ~ 60 auditory receptor cells auditory neurons auditory nerve CNS
(prothoracic ganglion) associated with trachea
ears on forelegs
SONG RECOGNITION & LOCALIZATION
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tracheal tubes = insect “lungs”
connect tympanum outside via spiracles
sound via 2 routes direct indirect
distance ½ wave pull / push
SONG RECOGNITION & LOCALIZATION
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BREAK