exam #3 w 4/2 in class review t 4/1 from 5-7pm in pai 3.02
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Exam #3 W 4/2 in class Review T 4/1 from 5-7pm in PAI 3.02 Before Exam #3: the nervous system, movement and the immune system. Nerves allow us to perceive the environment while the brain integrates the incoming signals to determine an appropriate response. CB 48.3. Response. CB 48.5. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Exam #3 W 4/2 in classReview T 4/1 from 5-7pm in PAI 3.02Before Exam #3: the nervous system, movement and the immune system
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CB 48.3
Nerves allow us to perceive the environment while the brain integrates the incoming signals to determine an appropriate response.
Response
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CB 48.5Neurons: signals move through neurons electrically and between neurons chemically
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electrical electricalat synapse chemical
At the synapse the electrical signal is converted to a chemical signal
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CB 48.16
Neurons are commonly connected to many other neurons, and the effect of the different incoming signals determines what the neuron will do.
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Incoming signals move through neurons. Only signals above the threshold are transmitted along the neuron.
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CB 49.3
Sensory neurons in human skin
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Nervous System Signaling
Stimulus
Transduction Transmission
Response
Integration
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Smells are detected by receptor neurons in our nose. Each receptor is sensitive to a different chemical
CB 49.15
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CB 48.19
The brain and the central nervous system integrate the various incoming signals
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CB 48.23
Human Brain Development:Cerebrum- integration and memoryBrainstem- homeostasis and input sensory infoCerebellum- motor functionsDiencephalon- input to cerebrum and homeostasis
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CB 48.26
Cerebrum: higher brain function
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CB 48.26Neocortex: thin layer on outside of the cerebrum. Highly convoluted in humans, ~5mm thick but ~80% brain mass.
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CB 48.26
Corpus Callosum: communication between hemispheres
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CB 48.27Different regions of the cerebral cortex integrate different inputs/outputs
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CB 48.29Visualizing the specialization of brain regions
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CB 48.28
Some body parts have more sensory input/motor control
Sensory inputmotor output
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CB 48.3
Nerves allow us to perceive the environment while the brain integrates the incoming signals to determine an appropriate response.
Response
Responses can be release of hormones, change in cell activity, or muscle contraction
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Muscles allow movement
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An earthworm: without something to push against, muscles are not much use.
CB 49.25
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The skeleton, made of bones, gives support
CB 49.26
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Bones (connective tissue) are alive
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Connections between bones and muscles
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CB 49.27
Muscles can only contract. Therefore, two muscles are needed for each range of motion.
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2 nerve signals for every movement:excitatory and inhibitory
CB 49.27
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How do muscles contract?
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CB 49.32Excitatory neuro-transmitters released by motor neurons cause muscle cells to contract
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Muscle cells are comprised of series of sarcomeres.
CB 49.28
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Each sarcomere is a repeating unit of actin and myosin proteins
CB 49.28
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As each sarcomere contracts, the muscle contracts
CB 49.28
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CB 49.32Neuro-transmitters released at nerve/muscle junction cause calcium to be released in muscle
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CB 49.31
A third protein, tropomyosin controls when the muscle contracts
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CB 49.30
ATP provides the energy for myosin movement along the actin
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CB 49.32 and .33
The contraction of muscle cells causes the muscle to contract
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CB 48.3
Nerves allow us to perceive the environment while the brain integrates the incoming signals to determine an appropriate response.
Response
Responses can be release of hormones, change in cell activity, or muscle contraction
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How do muscles contract?
http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200006.htm
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Einstein’s Brain:http://youtube.com/watch?v=JNOKT-xv7Dw
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A video about different human reactions to cool:http://www.pbs.org/saf/1507/video/watchonline.htm
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Exam #3 W 4/2 in classReview T 4/1 from 5-7pm in PAI 3.02Before Exam #3: the nervous system, movement and the immune system