EWE 1

Electromagnetic Wave Engineering

! Grading policy.

" Homework 25%.

" Laboratory 25%.

" Midterm exam 30%.

" Final report 20%.

! Office hour: 3:10 ~ 4:00 pm, Tuesday.

! Textbook: D. K. Cheng, Field and Wave

Electromagnetics.

! Textbook: D. M. Pozar, Microwave and RF Design

of Wireless Systems.

! Reference 1: D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering,

3rd Edition.

! Reference 2: Ramo, Whinnery, Van Duzer, Fields

and Waves in Communication Electronics, 3rd.

Edition.

! Contents

" Electromagnetics

EWE 2

- Waveguides

- Antennas

" Waves propagating in Non-simple Media

- Wave in anisotropic dielectric

- Wave in nonlinear material

- Wave in magnetic material

- Wave in inhomogeneous material

" Some Important Electromagnetic Theories

" Microwave Engineering

- Transmission Lines

- Microwave Network Analysis

- Impedance Matching

EWE 3

Overview! Applications of Electromagnetic Waves

" Communications

- Mobile Phones.

- Wireless Network.

" Remote Sensing

- Earth Monitoring.

- Large Scale Agriculture.

- Geographic Survey.

- Radio Astronomy.

" Detection

- Radar.

- Land Mine Detection.

" Medical Diagnosis and Treatment.

EWE 4

Remote Sensing

Radio Astronomy

EWE 5

Size: 305 m inDiameter.Location: PuertoRico.Freq: 300 MHz ~10GHz

Very Large ArrayTotal: 27. 36 km inDiameter.Individual Size: 25m in Diameter.Location: NewMexico, USA.Freq: 300 MHz ~10GHz

EWE 6

RadarBallistic Missile Early WarningSystem (BMEWS)Size: 31 m in Diameter (10 floor).Freq: 420~450 MHz.Range: ~ 5000 km.Number of Elements: 1792.Average Output Power: 89 W.Total Power: 159488.Cost: NT$58608 million for two.

EWE 7

Microwave Thermokeratoplasty! Reshaping cornea by heating cornea with microwaves.! Application: myopia treatment.! Benifit over Radial keratotomy (RK), photorefractive

keratectomy (PRK): avoid optical zone.

EWE 8

Microwave Ablation! Treatment for atrial fibrillation.! Microwave is delivered to the myocardium via a probe, to create

thermal lesions to disrupt or eliminate the conduction pathwayssupporting arrhythmia.

EWE 9

Microwave Tomography! Benefits Comparing to CT

" Tissues vary significantly in electric properties in MWfrequency. Examples:- ischemic versus normal heart muscle,- normal versus malignant breast tissue, - normal bone versus leukemic marrow.

" No ionizing effect." Can detect temperature, blood content, blood oxygenation,

and etc.! Examples

" Breast tissues at 800 MHz:- Normal mammary tissues: permittivity 16, electrical

conductivity 0.16 S/m- Malignant breast tumor: permittivity 57.2, electrical

conductivity 1.08 S/m." Heart tissue

- Dielectric constant: 5 for fat v.s. 56 for myocardiumat 2.5 GHz.

- Contrast range of X-ray: <2%.- Contrast range of Ultrasound: <10%.

EWE 10

A breast image system

EWE 11

Reconstructed Images of a Canine Thorax

EWE 12

Low-Intensity Millimeter-Waves in Medical Treatments! Benefits

" Anti-inflammatory effect and stimulation of tissue repairand regeneration.

" Stimulation of the immune function. " Sedative and analgesic effects.

! Example: Rabbits with cutaneous wounds exposed for 30 min aday (37 GHz CW)." Mean daily decrease in wound surface area: 7.9% v.s.

3.2%.! Example: In mice anesthetized by either ketamine or chloral

hydrate, MMW irradiation of the nasal area (61.22 GHz, 15 minat 15 mW/cm ) prolonged the drug-induced sleep by up to 50%.

! Example: Acute pain tolerance in human volunteers exposed to42.25 GHz MMW’s at 25 ± 5 mW/cm for 30 min wereevaluated by 37.7%.

! Example: gastric and duodenal ulcers exposed to 10 mW/cm ,53.53 GHz MMW for 30 min daily." MMW-treated patients: 95.3% ulcers cicatrized with

mean healing duration of 19.8 ± 0.45 days. " Not treated patients: 78 % ulcers cicatrized with mean

healing duration of 33.6 ± 1.12 days.! Example: rehabilitation of patients after myocardial infarction

(59–63 GHz, 7 mW/cm )" MMW-treated patients: 100% Cardiac muscle

repolarization improved." Not treated patients: 48.8% Cardiac muscle repolarization

improved.! Example: pulmonary tuberculosis.

" MMW-treated patients: 50% achieved clearance oftuberculosis in two months.

" Not treated patients: 29% achieved clearance oftuberculosis in two months.

EWE 13

Electromagnetic Rail Gun