Evolution Evolution ReviewReview

Who proposed

inheritance of acquired characteristics?

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

What has occurred in the second diagram?

What are two types of genetic drift?

Population bottleneck and the Founder effect

• The number of offspring an individual has is a measure of his/her evolutionary

_ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Three distantly related mammals adapted independently to eat ants and termites.

This is an example of ___ evolution.

African aardvark

South American anteater

Asian pangolin

Convergent evolution

One hypothesis as to why One hypothesis as to why female cheetahs “cheat” is female cheetahs “cheat” is

that it increases the that it increases the genetic diversity of their genetic diversity of their

young. young. What are the other two What are the other two

hypotheses?hypotheses?

1) to reduce infanticide

2) it requires less energy than fighting off the different males

Name 3 vestigial structures in humans.

• Ear muscles• Appendix• Wisdom teeth

Brown trout reproduce in the fall, and rainbow trout reproduce in the spring. This is an example of _______ isolation.

Temporal isolation

Microevolution or Macroevolution? Snapping shrimp on either side of the

Isthmus of Panama will no longer interbreed.

Macroevolution

Snapdragon flowers must be pollinated to reproduce, but the flowers are closed. A bumblebee has just enough weight to open a snapdragon flower. This adaptation is an example of ___.

Coevolution

You’re in a room with 3 monkeys.

One is holding a banana.One is holding a stick.One is holding nothing.

Which primate is the smartest?

YOU are the smartest primate!

A radioactive element has a half-life of 10 minutes. How much of 32 g of the element will still be radioactive after 1 hour?

32 g 16 g 8 g 4 g 2 g 1 g 0.5 g

List 5 pieces of evidence for evolution.

1) Fossil evidence 2) Anatomy• Homologous structures• Vestigial structures• Analogous structures 3) Embryology 4) Biological molecules (DNA and amino acid sequences) 5) Biogeography

Males of two species of bower birds make different styles of nests to attract females. This is an example of ___ isolation.

Behavioral isolation

Which male buntings are most successful?

a) bright blueb) bluish brownc) dull brownd) bright blue and bluish browne) bright blue and dull brown

Which buntings are most successful?

e) bright blue and dull brown

Which type of natural selection is

demonstrated by the buntings?

Disruptive selection

The forelimbs of humans, cats, and whales are

considered to be ______ structures.

Homologous

Intrasexual or intersexual selection?

Female widowbirds prefer to mate with males that have long tailfeathers.

Intersexual (female/male)

Female widowbirds prefer to mate with males that have long tailfeathers.

Galls on goldenrod plants are an example of which type of natural selection?

Stabilizing selection

Microevolution or Macroevolution?

Endosymbiosis

Macroevolution

Endosymbiosis

Archaeopteryx is a fossil linking

____________ and _____________

Birds and reptiles (or dinosaurs)

A small number of birds, blown off course during migration, find an island and

colonize it. This population will most likely experience genetic drift as a result of:

The Founder Effect

Microevolution or Macroevolution? A labradoodle is a cross between a

labrador retriever and a poodle.

Microevolution

Name two pieces of evidence for

endosymbiosis.

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts can copy (replicate)themselves

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts are about the same size as prokaryotes

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts have genes that are similar to prokaryotes

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts have circular DNA

These 2 squirrels, separated by the Grand Canyon, are considered

separated species due to ___ isolation.

Geographic isolation

There are 5 mechanisms for evolution.

One is listed below. Name the other four.a) Natural Selection

There are 5 mechanims for evolution.

One is listed below. Name the other four.a) Natural Selectionb) Mutationc) Gene flowd) Genetic drifte) Sexual selection (non-random mating)

The Amish population in Pennsylvania stemmed from approximately 200 German

immigrants. They have a much higher rate of dwarfism than in

other populations. This is due to the ____ Effect.

Founder Effect

The theory of endosymbiosis explains

evolution of ___ and ___

Chloroplasts and mitochondria

A model of evolution in which short periods of drastic change in species

are separated by long periods of little or no change

Punctuated equilibrium

Name the 3 types of

reproductive isolation.

Geographic, behavioral, temporal

• What is the “Red Queen” hypothesis?

Homology or analogy?

Crocodiles and birds both care for and defend their young.

• The diversification of one ancestral species into many descendent species is called _______________. The descendents are usually adapted to a wide range of environments.