Evolution of Pottery III * Years AD Japan AD Potters made unglazed earthenware Haniwa figures. *sculpted representations of men, women, animals or buildings *placed around burial mounds to protect the dead Find Japan! Mexico AD *pottery decorated with fresco technique (sand and lime recipe on wet clay, surface is like an eggshell when finished) The Mayan Civilization 2000BC- 900AD (Central America) Potters made terra-cotta figures depicting gods, nobility, acrobats, warriors, ball players and ordinary people doing domestic chores. Mayans recorded their early history in hieroglyphics on stone slabs. China AD Chinese ceramics reached an outstanding level of achievement. *produced and exported white porcelain ware. This porcelain teapot (ewer) and stoneware vase were sold at Christies Auction House on Oct 1, 2009 for $4000. Porcelain Chinese called it snow white or silver *sometimes, wood ash from firing would contaminate the glaze *porcelain was put in a fire-resistant container called a saggar. *as many as 20,000 saggars can be in a kiln at one time. Chinese earthenware figurines *produced in huge quantities for tomb furnishings *decorated with lead-based yellow, blue and green glaze Middle East AD 1. Islamic potters were never able to produce porcelain. (indigenous clay didnt have the right minerals) So, they perfected glaze on earthenware. *ashes of tin made a white opaque glaze *they painted designs over that using coloring oxides 2. Potters discovered luster painting. *metallic pigment was applied over an already fired glaze *a metallic film appeared after being fired again at a very low temperature. Islamic Land 3. Middle East potters discovered the secret of underglaze painting. *clay slip was colored with metallic oxides *it was strong enough to hold up under a clear glaze. North American Native Americans AD Three main cultures inhabited the American southwest: the Hohokam, Anasazi and the Mogollon. The Hohokam occupied southern Arizona. *culture based on irrigation farming *pottery had outswept curving line from the mouth of the pot to shoulder *abrupt inward curve to the foot. The Anasazi lived in AZ, NM, CO and UT. *builders of pueblos (multiple units of houses) *produced black and white pottery with very precise decorations The Mogollon lived in NM. *pottery is characterized by great simplicity Korea AD *the golden age of ceramics in Korea *patterns were put under a glaze * pots called Punchong ware *potters used nature motifs such as ducks, grasses, willows and flowers Northern China AD *Tzu-chou ware *pots were covered with white slip *painted with dark brown or black decoration Southern China AD Glaze development Celadon- a translucent green Temoku- a dark brown Oil Spot- appearance of oil spots Crackle- deliberate surface cracks Middle East AD *development of a soft paste clay like porcelain *used enamel glaze * pottery was called gombroon Aztec Civilization AD (Central America) *preoccupied with religious rituals including combat, human sacrifice, death and deities *potters made images for these purposes Aztec and Mayan Land Spain AD *Natives from NE Africa invaded the Iberian Peninsula (today called Spain) *Spanish potters learned how to tin- glaze and luster glaze from them Italy AD *development of the Istoriato style of decoration *entire surface covered with a thematic painting Italy 1556 First book written on pottery Cipriano Picolopasso wrote The Three Books on the Art of the Potter *instructions on building and firing kilns *formulas for glazes *techniques for decoration and glazing Middle East AD The Ottoman Empire *center of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for 600 years (Middle East continued) Iznik ware (Turkish Tiles) *earthenware pottery *richly colored decoration *cobalt blue, brilliant red, turquoise, green, purple *patterns were mainly floral ] China AD *largest pottery center in the world *imperial factory called Ching-te Chen *assembly line used to meet demand for Chinese porcelain * Chinese got raw cobalt from Persia (most beautiful blue in the world) Chinese Porcelain Next: Evolution IV