evolution. evolution, n. [l. evolutio - an unrolling] 1: a process of change in a certain direction...
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EvolutionEvolution
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Evolution, n. [L. evolutio - an unrolling]
1: a process of change in a certain direction
2: a theory that the various types of animals and plants have their origin in other preexisting types and that the distinguishable differences are due to modifications in successive generations
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Charles Darwin
• naturalist and collector
• amateur geologist
• avid reader
• and soon to be traveler
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Darwin’s ThoughtsDarwin’s Thoughts
Why are some animals only in certain places?
How old is the earth?
Where do
fossils fit in?
Has everything always been
here on Earth?
Where did humans
come from?
Why are there so
many different kinds of animals?
Do plants ever
change?
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Darwin’s Voyage 1831- 1836
Darwin’s Voyage 1831- 1836
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Darwin’s ObservationsDarwin’s Observations
• Buried fossil skeletons of animals no longer around
• Finches with small changes in beak shape associated with different diets
• Tortoises in different ecosystems with different shell types
• Layers of sedimentary rock exposed from an earlier time
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Evidence for EvolutionEvidence for EvolutionGeologic Time Scale
• Fossil Record
• Homologous Structures
• Embryology
• Molecular Biology
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Is the Earth Old Enough?Is the Earth Old Enough?
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Tim
e S
cale
for
Lif
eTim
e S
cale
for
Lif
e
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Earth’s Cool
Dance – the
Continental Drift
Earth’s Cool
Dance – the
Continental Drift
Permian – 225 mya Triassic – 200 mya
Jurassic – 135 mya Cretanceous – 65mya
Present
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Best Geology on Earth – New England
Best Geology on Earth – New England
Trilobites at Lake Champlain
430 mya(Ordovician)
Dinosaurs in Hartford
200 mya(Triassic)
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Evidence for EvolutionEvidence for Evolution• Geologic Time Scale
Fossil Record
• Homologous Structures
• Embryology
• Molecular Biology
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The Fossil RecordThe Fossil Record
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BarbellusBarbellus
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A Whale of a StoryA Whale of a Story
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Evidence for EvolutionEvidence for Evolution• Geologic Time Scale
• Fossil Record
Homologous Structures
• Embryology
• Molecular Biology
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Homologous StructuresHomologous Structures
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Evidence for EvolutionEvidence for Evolution• Geologic Time Scale
• Fossil Record
• Homologous Structures
Embryology
• Molecular Biology
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Evolution Replays in the Embryo
Evolution Replays in the Embryo
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Whale EmbryosWhale Embryos
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Evidence for EvolutionEvidence for Evolution• Geologic Time Scale
• Fossil Record
• Homologous Structures
• Embryology
Molecular Biology
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Molecular Biology CluesMolecular Biology Clues
• Proteins– Enzymes – amino acid
sequences
• Genetic Material– DNA base sequences
• Nuclear DNA• Mitochondrial DNA
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Clues from Cytochrome CClues from Cytochrome C66*
36
31
20
17
13
Human Pig Duck Snake Tuna Moth Yeast
* Number of base differences in gene coding for Cytochrome C
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Darwin’s Dangerous IdeaDarwin’s Dangerous IdeaWe thus learn that man is descended from a hairy,tailed quadruped, probably arboreal in its habits,and an inhabitant of the Old World. This creature,If its whole structure had been examined by a naturalist, would have been classed amongst the Quadrumana, as surely as the still more ancientprogenitor of the Old and New World monkeys.
“The Descent of Man”
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