evolution bio question qs

7/17/2019 Evolution Bio Question QS

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/evolution-bio-question-qs 1/64

1. What is evolution?

A. A measure of the relative survival and reproductive success of an individual

B. A cumulative change in the genetically controlled characteristics of a population

C. A physical change during an organism’s life that is inherited by its offspring

D. A random change in the proportions of alleles from generation to generation

(Total 1 mark)

2. Which of the following represent homologous features?

A. Wings in birds and insects

B. The appendi in humans and horses

C. !ins in fish and wings in birds

D. The striped coat of the "ebra and the tiger

(Total 1 mark)

3. Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.

(2)

#a$ Describe what is meant by a food chain using an eample with four named organisms.

(4)

#b$ %utline how global warming may affect arctic ecosystems.

(5)

#c$ &plain how natural selection can lead to evolution using antibiotic resistance in bacteria

as an eample.

(9)

(Total 20 marks)

IB Questionbank Biology 1



4. 'opulations of threespine stic(lebac(s #Gasterosteus sp.$) a fish living in small freshwater la(es

in British Columbia) Canada) are derived from the marine threespine stic(lebac( #Gasterosteus

aculeatus$. *n order to investigate the process of speciation in these populations) three small

la(es were studied. &ach la(e contained two varieties of stic(lebac(+ a large) bottom,dwelling

variety that fed on invertebrates near the shore and a small) plan(ton,eating variety that lived in

the open water. The probability of breeding between pairs of individuals was measured underlaboratory conditions in the following breeding combinations+

* different varieties #small - large$ from the same la(e

** different varieties from different la(es

*** same variety #small - small$ and #large - large$ from different la(es

* same variety from the same la(e.

The data are summari"ed below.

/0ource+ 0cience by 1%0&0 2*34) 5eproduced with permission of A1&5*CA3 A00%C*AT*%3 !%5 T6&ADA3C&1&3T %! 0C*&3C& in the format 7ournal via Copyright Clearance Centre8

#a$ *dentify the highest and lowest probabilities of breeding for individuals of the same

variety from different la(es.

6ighest probability+ ....................................................................................................

9owest probability+ .....................................................................................................

(1)




#b$ *dentify the breeding combination that results in the lowest probability of breeding.

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(1)

#c$ Analyse the probability of breeding between individuals from the same la(e.

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(2)

#d$ 0cientists concluded that speciation is ta(ing place in these populations. Discuss the

evidence for speciation provided by the data.

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(3)

(Total 7 marks)

5. The spontaneous origin of life on &arth is thought to have involved the non,living synthesis of

simple organic molecules.

#a$ 9ist two other processes needed for the spontaneous origin of life.

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(2)




#b$ Discuss possible locations where conditions would have allowed the synthesis of organic

compounds.

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(2)

#c$ %utline the role of pro(aryotes in the development of an oygen,rich atmosphere on the

&arth.

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(2)

(Total 6 marks)

6. !ossils provide important evidence for evolution.

#a$ %utline how radioisotopes can be used to date fossils.

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(2)




#b$ The half,life of the radioisotope:;

C is approimately <=> years.

@sing the decay curve shown above) deduce the age of a fossil that contains > of the

original amount of:;

C.

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(1)

#c$ Describe two maor trends that can be seen from fossil remains in the seuence

Ardipithecus ramidus) Australopithecus species and Homo species.

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(2)

(Total 5 marks)




7. Common guillemots #Uria aalge$ are large sea birds of the au( family. They breed in colonies at

high densities but ma(e no nest. Their single egg is incubated on bare roc(. Alloparenting

behaviour is freuently observed) where non,breeding birds will ta(e care of other chic(s.

0cientists fitted electronic time,depth recorders onto twelve common guillemots and recorded

five different activities during the chic(,rearing period+ at the colony) in flight) resting or active

on the sea surface and diving. The pie charts below include pooled data from all birds showingoverall time budget and time budget at sea.

/0ource+ The 7ournal of &perimental Biology+ ebbiologists.org.8

#a$ 0tate which activity ta(es up least of the overall time budget of the guillemots.

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(1)




#b$ Calculate the percentage of the overall time budget the guillemots spend resting on the

sea surface.

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(1)

#c$ %utline the activity of guillemots at sea.

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(2)

#d$ 0uggest two reasons) other than breeding) why birds spend more time at the colony than

any other activity.

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(2)

(Total 6 marks)




8. Competition between genetically similar species of birds may lead to changes of one or more

characteristics. %ne characteristic that results from this (ind of selection is differences in the

bea(s. 5esearchers studied the bea( lengths of two species of warblers. The graphs below show

the bea( lengths of 'ine Warblers # Dendroica pinus$ and Eellow,throated Warblers # Dendroica

dominica$ from three geographically isolated areas in the @0A.

/0ource+ 5 !ic(en et al. :FGH. Evolution. ol I=. 'p >=J>:;. 5epublished with the permission of Wiley,Blac(well.8

#a$ #i$ *dentify the species with the shortest mean bea( length.

...........................................................................................................................

(1)




#ii$ Determine the difference in the mean bea( length of the two populations of Eellow,

throated Warblers in 1idwest and Delmarva.

...........................................................................................................................

(1)

#iii$ Compare the range of variation in bea( length of the Eellow,throated Warblers in

1idwest to the bea( length of the Eellow,throated Warblers in Delmarva.

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(1)

#b$ 0uggest an advantage for the longer bea(s of Eellow,throated Warblers in Delmarva.

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(1)

#c$ @sing the Eellow,throated Warbler as an eample) outline the concept of allopatric

speciation.

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(3)

(Total 7 marks)




9. Discuss the incompleteness of the fossil record and the resulting uncertainties about human

evolution.

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(Total 6 marks)




10. Triarthus was a trilobite that lived on &arth about < million years ago. The diagrams below

show its structure) viewed from above and below. The structure was discovered by studying

fossils of Triarthus.

/0ource+ 5 !ortrey) #I$) Trilobite) page GI8

#a$ There are many animals living on &arth today that belong to the same phylum as the

trilobites) but there are no living trilobites. Deduce) with a reason) the phylum to which

Triarthus belonged.

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(2)

#b$ %utline the evidence for evolution provided by fossils.

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(2)




#c$ 0ome trilobites swam in clear) shallow water and had very large eyes. 0uggest how

species with large eyes could evolve from species with smaller eyes.

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(2)

(Total 6 marks)

11. #a$ Define the term clade.

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(1)

#b$ Distinguish between analogous and homologous structures) giving an eample of each.

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(2)




#c$ The table below lists five animals along with four morphological characteristics. A plus

sign #K$ indicates that the animal has this characteristic while a minus sign #J$ indicates

that the characteristic is absent.

Animal aws !im"s #air $la%enta

0alamander K K J J

1ouse K K K K

7ellyfish J J J J

2oala K K K J

0almon K J J J

Based on the features above) a student constructed a cladogram. 0tate the names of the

organisms missing in the following cladogram.

(2)

#d$ Describe the maor anatomical features that define humans as primates.

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(2)

(Total 7 marks)




12. Discuss the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of eu(aryotes.

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(Total 6 marks)




13. A study was underta(en of the evolution of two species of wasps) one the parasite of the other.

The parasite ueen) !espula s"uamosa) (ills the host ueen) !espula maculifrons) and ta(es over

her role in the colony. Data was compiled for :> colonies of !. s"uamosa and >= colonies of !.

maculifrons to analyse the genetic structure of the two species.

&ach point on the graphs represents the genetic distance and geographic distance between a pairof colonies. The genetic distance indicates the number of differences in specific D3A mar(ers

between a pair of colonies. The results are shown below.

/0ource+ 6offman &A) 2ovacs 79) 4oodisman 1AD. IH. L4enetic structure and breeding system in a social wasp

and its social parasite.M #$% Evolutionary #iology. ol H. ' I>F. N IH 6offman et alO licensee Bio1ed Central

9td.8




#a$ #i$ Determine the greatest genetic distance between any pair of colonies of

!. s"uamosa.

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(1)

#ii$ *dentify the greatest geographic distance between any pair of colonies of

!. maculifrons.

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(1)

#b$ Describe the relationship between the geographic distance and genetic distance in the two

species.

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(1)

#c$ Compare the two species in terms of genetic distance between the pairs of colonies.

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(2)




#d$ Data collected on eight specific alleles in the two species indicated that each species was

in 6ardyJWeinberg euilibrium. &valuate all the data regarding possible evolutionary

changes within the two species.

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(2)

(Total 7 marks)

14. #a$ #i$ Distinguish between transient polymorphism and balanced polymorphism.

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(2)

#ii$ 0tate an eample of transient polymorphism.

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(1)




#b$ Describe an eample of a barrier between gene pools.

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(2)

#c$ %utline how variations in D3A can indicate phylogeny.

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(2)

(Total 7 marks)

15. Which of the following are used as evidence for evolution?

*. 6omologous structures

**. 0elective breeding of domesticated animals

***. %verproduction of offspring

A. * and ** only

B. * and *** only

C. ** and *** only

D. *) ** and ***

(Total 1 mark)




16. Drosophila subobscura #shown in photograph below$ is a species of fruit fly native to &urope.

The sample on the left is from 0pain) latitude >FP) and the one on the right is from Denmar()

latitude <GP. The species was introduced into both 0outh America and 3orth America

approimately I years ago. The graph below shows the wing si"e in arbitrary units of

D. subobscura at different latitudes in the three locations.

/5eprinted from 1ar( ellend) 9u(e 7 6armon) 7ulie 9 9oc(wood) 1argaret 1 1ayfield) A 5andall 6ughes) 7ohn ' Wares

and Dov ! 0a. I=. L&ffects of eotic species on evolutionary diversificationM. Trends in Ecology and Evolution.

ol II) issue F. 'p ;H:J;HH. Copyright #I=$) with permission from &lsevier.8

#a$ *dentify the relationship between wing si"e and latitude shown by D. subobscura in

&urope.

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(1)




#b$ #i$ Compare the data for wing si"e of D. subobscura in 3orth and 0outh America with

wing si"e in &urope.

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(2)

#ii$ 0uggest one reason for the differences.

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(1)

#c$ 'redict) with a reason) what might happen to D. subobscura in the future as a result of itsintroduction to new areas.

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(2)

(Total 6 marks)

17. #a$ 0tate two processes needed for the spontaneous origin of life on &arth.

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(2)

#b$ %utline the properties of 53A that may have allowed it to play a role in the origin of life.

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(2)

(Total 4 marks)

18. #a$ %utline a method for dating fossils using:;

C.

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(2)

#b$ %utline the trends illustrated by the fossils of Ardipithecus and Australopithecus.

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(3)(Total 5 marks)




19. Compare convergent and divergent evolution.

&on'erent e'olution i'erent e'olution

(Total 3 marks)

20. #a$ %utline the process of adaptive radiation.

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(3)




#b$ There has been a change of thin(ingO moving from gradualism to punctuated euilibrium

demonstrates the changing nature of science. Discuss these two ideas about the pace of

evolution.

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(4)

(Total 7 marks)

21. #a$ %utline) using named hominid fossil species) trends in hominid s(ull evolution.

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(3)




#b$ Discuss the correlation between diet and brain si"e.

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(2)

(Total 5 marks)

22. Which of the following are used as evidence for evolution?

*. 6omologous structures

**. 0elective breeding of domesticated animals

***. %verproduction of offspring

A. * and ** only

B. * and *** only

C. ** and *** only

D. *) ** and ***

(Total 1 mark)

23. #a$ %utline the properties of 53A that may have allowed it to play a role in the origin of life.

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(2)




#b$ %utline the evidence provided by D3A for the common ancestry of living organisms.

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(2)

#c$ The cladogram below shows the classification of species A to D. Deduce how similar

species A is to species B) C and D.

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(2)

#d$ 0uggest two reasons for using cladograms for the classification of organisms.

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(2)

(Total 8 marks)




24. Discuss) using eamples) the importance of cultural and genetic factors in human evolution.

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(Total 6 marks)

25. #a$ *dentify two processes needed for the spontaneous origin of life on &arth.

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(2)




#b$ %utline ideas about the pace of evolution according to gradualism and punctuated

euilibrium.

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(2)

#c$ #i$ Define a clade.

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(1)




#ii$ Analyse the relationship between the organisms in the following cladogram.

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(Total 8 marks)




26. &plain the biochemical evidence provided by D3A and protein structures for the common

ancestry of living organisms.

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(Total 6 marks)




27. Which of the following will promote variation in a species?

*. 1eiosis

**. !ertili"ation

***. 3atural selection

A. * only

B. ** only

C. * and ** only

D. *) ** and ***

(Total 1 mark)

28. Why has antibiotic resistance evolved in bacteria?

A. All bacteria reproduce very uic(ly.

B. Bacteria eposed to antibiotics developed a resistance to them.

C. arieties of bacteria resistant to antibiotics reproduce faster than non,resistant varieties.

D. Bacteria showing resistance to antibiotics survive after antibiotics are used.

(Total 1 mark)




29. #a$ The graph below shows the half,life of 0trontium,F.

Define the term half&life using the graph above.

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(2)

#b$ %utline the date and distribution of Australopithecus afarensis illustrated by the fossils

found.

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(2)

(Total 4 marks)




30. #a$ Describe transient polymorphism.

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(3)

#b$ &plain how punctuated euilibrium affects the pace of evolution.

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(4)

(Total 7 marks)




31. 0uperoide dismutase is an en"yme used by cells to protect themselves against oidative

damage. These en"ymes can have different metals as part of their structure.

A study to compare two dismutases from Escherichia coli bacteria and two dismutases from

eu(aryotic cells was underta(en. The following en"ymes were used+

Q E. coli dismutase with iron #!e$

Q E. coli dismutase with manganese #1n$

Q eu(aryotic mitochondrial dismutase with manganese #1n$

Q eu(aryotic cytoplasmic dismutase with copper,"inc #Cu,Rn$.

The following shows part of the amino acid seuences of these en"ymes. Boes enclose

identical amino acids in the seuence of the two E. coli and mitochondrial dismutases.

/0teinman) 6 1 and 6ill) 5 9. :F=>. L0euence homologies among bacterial and mitochondrial superoide

dismutasesM. '(A) . ol =) issue :I. 'p >=I<J>=IF. @sed with the permission of the authors.8

#a$ 0tate how many amino acids are in the same position in the E. coli #!e$) E. coli #1n$ and

the mitochondrial dismutase seuences shown.

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(1)

#b$ 0tate the amino acids which are present in the same position in at least one bacterial

dismutase and in "ot* eu(aryotic dismutases.

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(1)




#c$ Compare the E. coli #1n$ and the mitochondrial dismutases.

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(2)

#d$ @sing the diagram) suggest whether the evolution of bacterial dismutase and cytoplasmic

dismutase is convergent or divergent.

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(1)

#e$ The seuences of the two bacterial dismutases and the mitochondrial dismutase show ahigh degree of homology. Discuss how this supports the endosymbiotic theory for the

origin of mitochondria.

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(Total 7 marks)




32. #a$ Define the terms allele fre"uency and gene pool .

Allele freuency+ ........................................................................................................

4ene pool+ ...................................................................................................................

(1)

#b$ 0tate one assumption made when the 6ardyJWeinberg euation is used.

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(1)

#c$ %utline how variations in specific molecules can lead to phylogeny.

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(3)

#d$ %utline the value of classifying organisms.

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(2)

(Total 7 marks)




33. Discuss the incompleteness of the fossil record and the resulting uncertainties concerning

human evolution.

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(Total 6 marks)

34. Which process tends to reduce variety within a population?

A. 3atural selection

B. 5andom fertili"ation

C. *ndependent assortment

D. Crossing over

(Total 1 mark)




35. There is evidence that body si"e of animals tends to increase over time. *n this study) fossils and

living species from the genus 'oseidonamicus) deep,sea ostracods) were used to test this

hypothesis. The numbers on the dotted line represent the number of different 'oseidonamicus

species found either as fossils or living. !or each time period) the average valve length of all

species studied is plotted. alve length is an indication of total body si"e. The continuous line is

the estimated temperature of their deep,sea habitat.

/Adapted from 4ene 6unt and 2austuv 5oy. IG. LClimate change) body si"e evolution) and Cope’s 5ule in deep,

sea ostracodesM. 'roceedings of the (ational Academy of )ciences. ol :>) issue <. 'p :>;=J:><I #!igure :$.

Copyright IG) 3ational Academy of 0ciences) @0A.8

#a$ Calculate the percentage increase in valve length between the species studied from ;

million years ago and the species from the present day.

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(2)




#b$ 0uggest two reasons for the increase in the number of species of 'oseidonamicus over

time.

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(2)

#c$ &valuate the hypothesis that changes in si"e of 'oseidonamicus are caused by changes in

sea temperature.

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(3)

(Total 7 marks)

36. #a$ Describe the processes needed for the spontaneous origin of life on &arth.

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(3)




#b$ Discuss the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of eu(aryotes.

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(3)

(Total 6 marks)

37. #a$ Describe two maor anatomical features of humans that define them as primates.

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(2)

#b$ Discuss the implications of the incompleteness of the fossil record on our understanding

of human evolution.

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(3)

(Total 5 marks)




38. #a$ 0tate two properties of 53A that would allow it to play a role in the origin of life.

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(2)

#b$ %utline the eperiment of 1iller and @rey into the origin of organic compounds.

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(3)

(Total 5 marks)

39. #a$ Define the term gene pool .

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(1)

#b$ Compare allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation.

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(4)

#c$ &plain the correlation between the change in diet and increase in brain si"e during

hominid evolution.

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(2)

(Total 7 marks)

40. What is the mechanism of natural selection?

A. Any individuals in a population can be selected entirely by chance.

B. After a change in the environment a species will evolve adaptations to the new

conditions.

C. *f an adaptation to the environment is useful) an individual will develop it and pass it on

to its offspring.

D. ariations amongst individuals of a population are selected by a changing environment.

(Total 1 mark)

41. #a$ 0tate one process needed for the spontaneous origin of life on &arth.

......................................................................................................................................

(1)

#b$ %utline the contribution of pro(aryotes to the creation of an oygen,rich atmosphere.

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(2)

(Total 3 marks)




42. #a$ %utline allopatric and sympatric speciation.

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(4)

#b$ &plain the biochemical evidence for the common ancestry of living organisms.

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(6)

(Total 10 marks)




43. The rate of nucleotide substitution is used as an indication of evolutionary change. A study was

carried out on mitochondrial D3A and nuclear D3A of different species of Acropora) a 'acific

%cean coral.

The dar( grey bars represent the range of genetic seuence divergence between the species for

specific mitochondrial D3A seuences #mtD3A$ and the light grey bars represent specificnuclear D3A seuences #nD3A$.

/0hearer) T 9 et al. II. L0low mitochondrial D3A seuence evolution in the Antho"oa #Cnidaria$M. $olecular

Ecology. ol ::) issue :I. 'p I;=<JI;H=. N 7ohn Wiley S 0ons *nc. 5eproduced with permission.8

#a$ 1easure the percentage of maimum genetic divergence for the mtD3AI seuence.

......................................................................................................................................

(1)

#b$ Calculate the maimum difference in genetic divergence between the mtD3A< seuence

and nD3AG seuence.

......................................................................................................................................

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(1)




#c$ Compare the variations in the range of genetic divergence of the mtD3A and nD3A

seuences.

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(3)

#d$ Discuss the significance of this data in terms of possible evolutionary changes in these

genes.

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(3)

(Total 8 marks)

44. #a$ 0tate one difference between cultural evolution and genetic evolution.

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(1)




#b$ %utline the pace of evolution as implied in the theory of punctuated euilibrium.

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(2)

(Total 3 marks)

45. #a$ @sing eamples) distinguish between analogous characteristics and homologous

characteristics.

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(4)




#b$ Albinism) a lac( of pigmentation in s(in and hair) is caused by a recessive allele.

Albinism occurs in 3orth America in approimately one in I persons. &plain how

the 6ardy,Weinberg euation is applied in this eample.

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(5)

(Total 9 marks)

46. Charles Darwin used domesticated animals to provide evidence for evolution by natural

selection.

What is this evidence?

A. Differences between breeds show that selection can cause species to change.

B. The ancestors of domesticated animals can be found in the fossil record.

C. 0ome domesticated animals die because the environment cannot support them all.

D. ariation in domesticated animals is due to seual reproduction.

(Total 1 mark)




47. #a$ 0tate the conclusion drawn from the 1iller,@rey eperiment.

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(1)

#b$ %utline two pieces of evidence that support the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of

eu(aryotes.

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(2)

(Total 3 marks)

48. #a$ Compare sympatric speciation and allopatric speciation.

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(2)

#b$ #i$ 0tate one species in the genus Australopithecus.

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(1)




#ii$ !or this species) state the geographical distribution and approimately how many

years ago it lived.

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(2)

#c$ Discuss the concept of punctuated euilibrium.

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(3)(Total 8 marks)

49. #a$ Compare sympatric speciation and allopatric speciation.

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(2)

#b$ Define analogous characteristics using one eample to illustrate your answer.

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(1)




#c$ %utline two pieces of evidence that support the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of

eu(aryotes.

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(2)

#d$ 9ist two anatomical features that define humans as primates.

:. ..................................................................................................................................

I. ..................................................................................................................................

(2)

(Total 7 marks)




ï 50. &plain the biochemical evidence for the common ancestry of living organisms.

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(Total 6 marks)

51. Which process has the greatest effect in determining which members of a population are most

li(ely to survive until reproductive age?

A. &volution

B. 3atural selection

C. 1eiosis

D. 6ybridi"ation

(Total 1 mark)





(2)

#a$ Draw and label a diagram of the molecular structure of D3A.

(4)

#b$ &plain the conseuences of a base substitution mutation in relation to the processes of

transcription and translation.

(8)

#c$ %utline the evidence for evolution provided by homologous structures.

(6)

(Total 20 marks)

53. The tree diagram #cladogram$ below shows how closely related a group of species of spiders are

on the 6awaiian island group. Two of the species have not been given a scientific name. Three

pairs of the spiders spin very similar webs. These are shown on the diagram. The island on

which the spider lives is also indicated.

T . h a w a i e n s i s

L e m e r a l d

o v o i d M

T . l a b o r i o s a

T . l i m u

L e u r y l i ( e M

T . a c u t a

T . f l i c i p h i l i a

T . s t e l a r o b u s t a

T . e u r y c h a s m a

T . p e r k i n s i

l o % a t i o n +

, 1 a i n l a n d , @ 0 A

, 6 a w a i ’ i

, 1 a u i

, % ’ a h u

, % ’ a h u

, % ’ a h u

, 1 a u i

, 1 a u i

, 1 a u i

, 6 a w a i ’ i




/0ource+ T A Blac(ledge and 5 4 4illespie #3ovember I;$) 'roceedings of the (ational Academy of )ciences) 101) #;G$)

pages :GIIH,:GI>>8

#a$ 0tate which species is most distantly related to T. perkinsi on the basis of the tree

diagram.

.....................................................................................................................................

(1)

#b$ &plain the evidence in the diagram for

(3)

#i$ convergent evolution

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

#ii$ adaptive radiation

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#c$ Deduce whether spiders that spin similar webs or spiders that live on the same island are

more closely related.

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(2)

(Total 6 marks)

54. #a$ Define sympatric speciation.

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(1)




#b$ Describe two eamples of barriers between gene pools.

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(4)

(Total 5 marks)

55. #a$ Define half&life.

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(1)

#b$ Discuss gradualism and punctuated euilibrium.

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(6)(Total 7 marks)





(2)

#a$ Draw a labelled graph showing a typical sigmoid growth curve.

(4)

#b$ %utline the conseuences of an increased greenhouse effect on arctic ecosystems.

(6)

#c$ &plain how natural selection leads to evolution.

(8)

(Total 20 marks)

57. The cladogram below shows how closely related a group of species of spiders are on the

6awaiian island group. Two of the species have not been given a scientific name. Three pairs of

the spiders spin very similar webs. These are shown on the diagram. The island on which the

spider lives is also indicated.

T . h a w a i e n s i s

L e m e r a l d

o v o i d M

T . l a b o r i o s a

T . l i m u

L e u r y l i ( e M

T . a c u t a

T . f l i c i p h i l i a

T . s t e l a r o b u s t a

T . e u r y c h a s m a

T . p e r k i n s i

l o % a t i o n +

, 1 a i n l a n d , @ 0 A

, 6 a w a i ’ i

, 1 a u i

, % ’ a h u

, % ’ a h u

, % ’ a h u

, 1 a u i

, 1 a u i

, 1 a u i

, 6 a w a i ’ i

/0ource+ T A Blac(ledge and 5 4 4illespie #3ovember I;$) 'roceedings of the (ational Academy of )ciences) 101) #;G$)

pages :GIIH,:GI>>8




#a$ Deduce whether spiders that spin similar webs or spiders that live on the same island are

more closely related.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

(2)

#b$ 1itochondrial D3A from the spiders was analysed to produce the cladogram. %utline the

method of analysing the D3A to produce evidence for cladograms.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

(3)

#c$ &plain the evidence in the diagram for

(3)

#i$ convergent evolutionO

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

#ii$ adaptive radiation.

...........................................................................................................................

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(Total 8 marks)




58. #a$ %utline properties of 53A that may have played a role in the development of life on this

planet.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

(2)

#b$ 0tate two types of molecules used in the eperiments of 1iller and @rey to simulate the

atmosphere of pre,biotic earth.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

(1)

#c$ %utline the endosymbiotic theory.

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.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

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.....................................................................................................................................

(4)

(Total 7 marks)




59. Discuss the correlation between change in the diet and increase in brain si"e in early hominid

evolution.

...............................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................

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(Total 5 marks)

evolution bio question qs

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