Intro to Evolution and Diversity of

Life

PLANTS

Classification Taxonomy

– Branch of zoology and botany that is concerned with classifying and naming

– Organisms are organized into related and unrelated groups

Classification Why?

– There are a vast array of different kinds of plants and animals

– Assign universally-recognized names– Organize into related groups– Organize on the basis of evolutionary and

genetic relationships

5 Kingdoms:

PlantsAnimalsProtistaMoneraFungi

Cells came First Prokaryotic Cells:

Cells without a Nuclei

Eukaryotic Cells: Cells with a Nuclei

Kingdoms-Monera Prokaryotic, unicellular

– Archaea Mostly unicellular, microscopic

organisms living habitats that have high temperatures or high salt levels

– Bacteria Mostly unicellular microscopic

organisms that include both beneficial bacteria and harmful bacteria, like Streptococcus

Kingdoms-Protista Eukaryotic, unicellular

– Protists Mostly aquatic, single-celled

organisms Euglena, Paramecium, Amoebas

and Diatoms Pond Life

5 Kingdoms:

Fungi Plants

AnimalsProtistaMonera

Kingdom-Fungi

Fungi Molds Mushrooms Smuts Yeasts

Multi-cellular Eukaryotes that form Spores

Kingdom Animal

HorseCats Insects

Multi-cellular Eukaryotic Animals

Kingdom-PlantsMulti-cellular Eukaryotic Plants

Mesquite Tree Creosote Bush Carrots Lilies Prickly Pear Wheat Rice

Plant Kingdom Examples of Divisions in the Plant Kingdom:

– Bryophyta Moss

– Pinophyta (Gymnosperms) Pines

– Magnoliphyta (Angiosperms) Orange tree, rose bush Seed producing plants with true flowers

Classes Each Division can be separated into

Classes:– Magnoliophyta Division

Magnoliopsida (dicots)

Liliopsida (monocots)

Using the Taxonomy Guide for Identification

KingdomKingdomDivisionDivisionClassClassOrderOrderFamilyFamilyGenusGenusSpeciesSpecies

PlantaePlantae MagnolophytaMagnolophyta LiliopsidaLiliopsida LilialesLiliales LiliaceaeLiliaceae

AlliumAllium Allium cepa Allium cepa L.L.

Answer: Egyptian onion

Naming and Classifying Plants

Over 250,000 different kinds of plants

Communicating about plants required a method of naming and classifying

The Plant Man Carolus Linnaeus (1732)

– Devised system for categorizing plants

– Led to modern system of plant taxonomy

– Published Species Plantarum in 1753.

Binomial System of Classification

Each plant has a 2-word (binomial) name given in Latin– First refers to plant’s genus– Seconds refers to plant’s species– Latin name understood internationally

Genus and species are italicized– Homo sapiens =human

Binomial System of Classification

Two words First word is genus (capitalize) Second word is species (underline) Or put both words in italics Example: Homo sapiens=human

Binomial Names Common Name:

– Southern Magnolia

Latin Binomial Name:– Magnolia grandiflora

Binomial Names

Common Name:– Saguaro

Latin Binomial Name:– Carnegiea gigantea

What is a species? A group of individuals capable of

interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.

Diversity of Life Biologists have identified

about 1.5 million species including

These are just the species that have been identified!

Biologists estimate that there are anywhere from 5 to 30 million species and there are thousands of newly identified species added yearly.