evolution: a theory that life changes over time. charles darwin his five year voyage on the hms...
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Evolution: A theory that life changes over time
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Charles Darwin
• His five year voyage on the HMS Beagle led him to eventually develop the theory of evolution
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The three patterns of biodiversity:
• Species vary locally• Species vary globally • Species vary over time
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Jean Baptiste LAMARCK
Sir Charles DARWIN
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LAMARCK:
1. Acquired Characteristics2. Inheritance of Acquired
Characteristics
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An example of Lamarck’s reasoning
• Question: How would Lamarck explain the evolution of the Giraffe?
• Find where Lamarck is using his two laws to falsely explain evolution in this case.
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Artificial Selection
• Darwin’s use of artificial selection allowed him to recognize that variations were the raw material for evolution
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Charles DarwinNatural Selection
Struggle for Existence
Populations compete for food. Some
survive
Variation and Adaptation
Individuals have variations. Some are
better suited than others
Survival of the Fittest
Some are better adapted and will survive and have more off spring
*show brainpop: Darwin and then Natural selection
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Natural Selection
• How is the “visual summary” on page 462 an example of natural selection?
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What does Darwin’s theory suggest?......Common
Descent!
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Evidence of Evolution : Biogeography – where organisms live now and where their ancestors lived in the past
• Closely Related but Different
• Distantly Related but Similar
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Evidence for Evolution
• The age of earth and fossils of intermediate species
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Evidence for Evolution:Comparative Anatomy
• Homologous structures
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Evidence of Evolution:comparative anatomy
• Vestigial Organs
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Evidence of Evolution:Comparative Anatomy
• Embryology
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Investigating Common Descent
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Chapter 16 Assessment pg. 476 - 479
• Chapter 16.1 # 1-4• Chapter 16.2 # 8-13• Chapter 16.3 # 16-18• Chapter 16.4 # 25-29• Standardized Test Prep #1-11
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Origin of Life
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How Old is Earth?If 1 year is equal to a second…….• a half hour would take you back to 5 AD• 3 weeks would take you back to 100, 000 years (first human life)•20 years would take you back to the Cambrian age (500million years ago)
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So, how did life begin?
Three Ideas
Creationism(faith based)
God created all living things
Spontaneous Generation
(observation)
Life arose from non-living matter
Ex. Dirt, water
Modern Scientific Theory(scientific method)
Life arose through chemical reactions
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Spontaneous Generation
• all living things developed from non-living matter (ie. rocks, mud, rotting meat etc)
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Who proved spontaneous generation false?
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Francesco Redi (1626 – 1697)
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Even though Redi disproved spontaneous generation it was not
accepted.
Why?
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Louis Pasteur
Pasteur also dispelled the myth of spontaneous generation, proving that all life comes from pre-existing life (biogenesis).
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What is the purpose of the curved neck flask in
Pasteur’s experiment?
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Modern Scientific Theory: AbiogenesisThe Appearance of
Life on Earth Required:
• Formation of simple organic compounds
• Formation of complex organic compounds
• Enclosure of these organic compounds
• Growth, metabolism and reproduction
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First Forms of Life
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
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Same Environment
Both live in Desert
Same Environment
Live in Different Environments
Plains vs Forest
Insects: longer probes to drink nectar
-wings to fly from flower to flower
Flowers: bright colours
Sweet smell
Cactus & Euphorb-both store water in stems and have spiny skin
Red fox: Red colour =blend to forest
Kit fox: Sandy colour = blend to plains, large ears for cooling
Two or more species live in close interaction with one another
Two or more
UNRELATED species become similar
Two or more
RELATED species become dissimilar
CoevolutionConvergentDivergent
PATTERNS OF EVOLUTION
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Convergent Evolution
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Divergent Evolution