evidence for evolution evidence available to darwin evidence available to darwin fossils taxonomy ...
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Evidence for Evolution
Evidence Available to DarwinEvidence Available to Darwin FossilsFossils TaxonomyTaxonomy Comparative AnatomyComparative Anatomy Comparative EmbryologyComparative Embryology BiogeographyBiogeography
Fossils
Fossils areFossils are remains or imprints of past liferemains or imprints of past life preserved in sedimentspreserved in sediments occur in layers (strata)occur in layers (strata) many no longer occurmany no longer occur others resemble modern speciesothers resemble modern species
Fossil Evidence for Evolution
Fossils distributed consistently throughout Fossils distributed consistently throughout strata of same agestrata of same age
Order of fossil appearance shows more Order of fossil appearance shows more complex forms appearing after simpler complex forms appearing after simpler formsforms
Recent fossils (new strata) most closely Recent fossils (new strata) most closely resemble modern organismsresemble modern organisms
Evidence for Evolution
Evidence Available to DarwinEvidence Available to Darwin FossilsFossils TaxonomyTaxonomy Comparative AnatomyComparative Anatomy Comparative EmbryologyComparative Embryology BiogeographyBiogeography
Taxonomy
Hierarchical classification structure Hierarchical classification structure developed by Linnaeusdeveloped by Linnaeus
Implies that species can be grouped Implies that species can be grouped together based on their relatednesstogether based on their relatedness
Bears with bears, bees with other beesBears with bears, bees with other bees A family tree can be made implying descentA family tree can be made implying descent
Evidence for Evolution
Evidence Available to DarwinEvidence Available to Darwin FossilsFossils TaxonomyTaxonomy Comparative AnatomyComparative Anatomy Comparative EmbryologyComparative Embryology BiogeographyBiogeography
Comparative Anatomy
Compares anatomical structures from Compares anatomical structures from different organismsdifferent organisms
Similar structures in two or more species Similar structures in two or more species are called are called homologous structureshomologous structures
Homologous structures may perform Homologous structures may perform different tasks in different organismsdifferent tasks in different organisms
Evidence for Evolution
Evidence Available to DarwinEvidence Available to Darwin FossilsFossils TaxonomyTaxonomy Comparative AnatomyComparative Anatomy Comparative EmbryologyComparative Embryology BiogeographyBiogeography
Comparative Embryology
Embryos (young stage of organisms are Embryos (young stage of organisms are compared)compared)
Show similar features due to shared Show similar features due to shared ancestryancestry
All vertebrates haveAll vertebrates have tailstails gill-like branchial archesgill-like branchial arches
Evidence for Evolution
Evidence Available to DarwinEvidence Available to Darwin FossilsFossils TaxonomyTaxonomy Comparative AnatomyComparative Anatomy Comparative EmbryologyComparative Embryology BiogeographyBiogeography
Biogeography
Distribution of speciesDistribution of species Many related species occur across the earthMany related species occur across the earth Isolated areas (islands, Australia) often Isolated areas (islands, Australia) often
have unique specieshave unique species Biogeography explained by continental drift Biogeography explained by continental drift
of plates and speciationof plates and speciation
Molecular Biology
Not available to Darwin in 1800’sNot available to Darwin in 1800’s Includes comparisons ofIncludes comparisons of
protein sequencesprotein sequences DNA sequencesDNA sequences cytochrome ccytochrome c chloroplast genomes (plants only)chloroplast genomes (plants only)
Used to developed phylogenetic trees Used to developed phylogenetic trees (hypothesized relationships)(hypothesized relationships)