evidence for evolution
DESCRIPTION
Evidence for Evolution. A slide extravaganza…. Types of evidence…. 1. Evidence from the fossil record (dead things). Fossil formation. Bones and shells undergo mineral replacement and are turned into rock - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Evidence for Evolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070500/56816809550346895ddd8c8f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Evidence for Evolution
A slide extravaganza…
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Types of evidence…
1. Evidence from the fossil record (dead things)
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Fossil formation
Bones and shells undergo mineral replacement and are turned into rock
Soft material either disappears, or leaves an impression in the earth (that turns to rock)
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A selection of fossils…
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Fossils show transitions
The Archaeopterix -- between reptile and bird
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Scallops
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From early to modern horse
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(Living things show transitions too)
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Coelacanths - “the living fossil”
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Types of evidence…
1. Evidence from the fossil record
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Types of evidence…
1. Evidence from the fossil record2. Comparative Anatomy
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A. Homologous Structures
Homo - logy
Homologous structures have the same underlying forms
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Wing anatomy comparison
And compared to our arm…
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Arm anatomy comparison
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B. Analogous Structures
Ana - logy
Analogous structures have a similar outward appearance (but different underlying forms)
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Types of evolution
Convergent evolution Distantly related organisms evolve similar external features
Divergent evolution A common ancestor gives
rise to organisms that evolve for different environments
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Which goes with which? ….
Homologous structures
Analogous structures
Convergent evolutionDistantly related
organisms evolve similar external features
Divergent evolution A common ancestor
gives rise to organisms that become more different with time.
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Which goes with which?
Homologous structures
Analogous structures
Convergent evolutionDistantly related
organisms evolve similar external features
Divergent evolution A common ancestor
gives rise to organisms that become more different with time.
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C. Vestigial Structures
Vestige - a left-over/ remnant
Vestigial structures are evolutionary “leftovers” from an earlier ancestor
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The “dew” claw of a wild cat
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The human appendix
Rabbit Fetal Human Adult Human
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Membranes in our eyes
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Hip bones in whales
(Look at that “hand” too!)
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Types of evidence…
1. Evidence from the fossil record2. Comparative Anatomy
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Types of evidence…
1. Evidence from the fossil record2. Comparative Anatomy 3. Comparative Embryology
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Human embryo at 5 weeks
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Embryos…
…can you guess which one is human?
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…how about now?
Embryos…
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And now…
Were you right?
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Types of evidence…
1. Evidence from the fossil record2. Comparative Anatomy 3. Comparative Embryology
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Types of evidence…
1. Evidence from the fossil record 2. Comparative Anatomy 3. Comparative Embryology 4. Molecular Evidence
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Comparing DNA…
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Determining relationships
DNA similarity between species is used to determine how closely related they are.
This is in turn used to construct possible evolutionary trees.
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How closely related are these fellows?
Giant Panda
Brown Bear
Mystery critter! (I’m not telling)
…got your guess?
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An Evolutionary Tree
…so why is he called a red panda?
This tree was constructed by looking at % similarity of DNA among “bears”
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Types of evidence…
1. Evidence from the fossil record 2. Comparative Anatomy 3. Comparative Embryology 4. Molecular Evidence
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Types of evidence…
1. Evidence from the fossil record 2. Comparative Anatomy 3. Comparative Embryology 4. Molecular Evidence5. Behavior
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Behavioral similarities
Duck and other bird mating dancesHow primates carry their youngFish swimming motions and salamander
walksAnd on and on and on….
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Types of evidence…
1. Evidence from the fossil record 2. Comparative Anatomy 3. Comparative Embryology 4. Molecular Evidence5. Behavior
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Types of evidence…
1. Evidence from the Fossil Record 2. Comparative Anatomy 3. Comparative Embryology 4. Molecular Evidence5. Behavior6. Direct observation
also known as microevolution
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Artificial selection
Remember us?
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And look at us!
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And Natural Selection
Hawaiian Rock Wallabies!
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The Beak of the Finch
Biologists Peter and Rosemary Grant documented natural selection occurring in populations of finches on the Galapagos islands over a period of only 20 years! This generation to generation changes in the frequency of certain traits is called microevolution.