everything you need to know about testing lp-wan modules ... · joerg koepp market segment manager...

Joerg KoeppMarket Segment Manager IoTRohde & Schwarz

Everything you need to know about testing LP-WAN modules and devices

5G/IoT Seminar Korea - November 2016

Outline

2

The Internet of dogs, lights and doors

Sigfox, LoRaand more

LTE-A Pro: eMTC, NB-IoT

What’s next on the way to 5G

Low-power wide-area networks (LP-WAN) will enable applications which sense literally Everything Everywhere Anytime

5G/IoT Seminar Korea - November 2016 3

Forecast of Low Power WAN connected Devices

http://www.optibee.fr/

http://www.sherlock.bike

• Temperature• Weight• Movement

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 20230 Bn

1 Bn

2 Bn

3 Bn

Industrial

Consumer

Utilities

Smart Buildings

Smart CitiesAgriculture

Logistics

• Location• Movement

Low CostCommunication modules for 5 Euro and even lesser€

The SIX L‘s characterizing LP-WANs, or10 € devices capable of 10 km range with 10-year battery lifetimes


Long RangeCovering large areas with low number of base stations

Large ScaleSeveral thousands of devices per gateway or base station

Low ThroughputFrom 100 bps to some few kbps; short message once per hour, day or week, …. bps

Low ResponsivenessRelaxed requirements regarding responsiveness of a device

Low PowerBattery powered devices requiring 10+ years lifetime


Outline

5



LTE-A Pro: eMTC, NB-IoT


Object(Sensor)

Example: Sigfox designed as LP-WAN sensor network


Ultra Narrow Band Modulation (100 Hz / 600 Hz)

Redundant uplink Transmission (2x repetitions)

Pseudo–random frequency hopping (3 out of 320 ch.)

Short messages UL: 12 Byte DL: 8 Byte

No passive RX mode (RX window after TX)

8 Byte / max 4 per day* | 600 bps | 2GFSK / 800 Hz | < 27 dBm12 Byte / max 140 per day* | 100 bps | (D)BPDK | < 14 dBm Gateway

BackendServer

~2sec ~2sec ~2sec

100Hz

* ETSI regulation

Object(Sensor)

Another prominent example: LoRaWAN


Chirped Spread Spectrum(125/250/500 kHz)

Multiple Gateways simultaneously receiving

Pseudo–random frequency hopping (after each TX )

Data Rate Adaption (spreading factor/ bandwidth)

Different RX mode options (Class A/B/C)

GatewayBackendServer< 11kbps | < 1% duty cycle | CSS | < 14 dBm*

0 kHz

+250 kHz

-250 kHz

Constant chirp rate (Hz/µs) defined by SF

< 11kbps | < 1% duty cycle | CSS | < 27 dBm** ETSI regulation

LP-WAN technologies in ISM/SDR bands shaking the market


UL: DBPSKDL: GFSK

FrequencyChirps

UL:DBPSKDL:DBPSK

16-QAM….DBPSK

UL:DBPSKDL: -

GMSK, QPSK

Modulation

Channel BW(UpLink)

ETSI: 100 HzFCC: 600 Hz

125 kHz 250 kHz 500 kHz

1 MHz

Ultra Narrow Band (UNB)

Chirp SpreadSpectrum

DSSSRPMA DSSSUltra Narrow

Band (UNB)Narrow Band

(NB)

200 Hz 12.5 kHz6/7/8 MHz

Technique

ISM/SDR< 1 GHz

ISM/SDR< 1 GHz

ISM/SDR2.4 GHz

ISM/SDR< 1 GHz

ISM/SDR< 1 GHz

TV white space470-790 MHz

Band

Driver

RF Performance

Standard Conformance

RegulatoryConformance

Typical RF parametric measurements to ensure desired performance as well as pre-conformance


Typical TX Measurements • Spectrum emission mask• Power• Frequency Error• Error Vector Magnitude• …..

Typical RX Measurement • Receiver sensitivity• Receiver blocking• Adjacent channel selectivity• Spurious response rejection• …..

DUT

Receiver sensitivity and Tx power are very critical


-50 dBm -70 dBm -90 dBm -110 dBm -130 dBm -150 dBm

Receiver sensitivity requirements of up to – 140 dBm

Over the Air Testing (TRP/TIS) is required


Total Isotropic Sensitivity Total Radiated Power

Testing important parameter in production

12

Frequency tolerance

DUT SpectrumAnalyzer

e.g. R&S®FPS

Output power

DUT Power Sensor

e.g. R&S®NRP

Receiver sensitivity

DUTVector Signal

Generator

e.g. R&S®SGT

TestMode TestMode TestMode

Controlled RF condition with perfect isolatione.g. R&S®DST200


Example: Calibration and Verification of LoRaWAN Gateway


Vector Signal Generator

e.g. R&S®SGT

Vector Signal Analyzer

e.g. R&S®FPS

DUTLoRa

•RSSI calibration and verification

•Receiver sensitivity

GNSS

•Tx calibration and verification

•Frequency tolerance

LoRa

•GNSS sensitivity


Outline

14


Sigfox, LoRaand more LTE-A Pro:

eMTC, NB-IoT


Three LP-WAN technologies specified by 3GPP


LC-LTE/MTCeCAT-0, PSM

eMTCCat-M1, eDRX, CE

NB-IoTCat-NB1, eDRX, CE

Rel. 12 Rel. 13

+

20 MHz/half-duplex

1.4 MHz/half-duplex

200 kHzNB-LTE

NB-cIoT

Rel.10 Rel.11

EC-GSM-IoTincl. eDRX

NIMTC SIMTC

NIMTC SIMTC

mMTC

Rel. 14

positioning, mobility, multicastVoLTE support

positioning, mobility, multicastpower class

1

2

2

3GPP ecosystem is trying to address the LP-WAN market as well


LTE Cat 1 LTE Cat 0 LTE Cat M1 NB-IoT (Cat NB1) EC-GSM-IoT

DeploymentIn-band LTE In-band LTE In-band LTE

In-band LTEGuard-band LTE

StandaloneIn-band GSM

Downlink OFDMA [15 kHz] OFDMA [15 kHz] OFDMA [15 kHz] OFDMA[15 kHz] TDMA/FDMA

UplinkSC-FDMA [15 kHz] SC-FDMA [15 kHz] SC-FDMA [15 kHz]

Single tone [15/3.75 kHz]

SC-FDMA [15 kHz]TDMA/FDMA

Peak rate DL: 10 MbpsUL: 5 Mbps

DL: 1 MbpsUL: 1 Mbps

DL: 1 MbpsUL: 1 Mbps

DL: 250 kbpsUL: 20 kbps (ST)

DL: 70/240 kbpsUL: 70/240 kbps

UE receiver BW 20 MHz 20 MHz 1.4 MHz 200 kHz 200 kHz

Duplex mode Full-duplexFDD/TDD

Full/Half-duplexFDD/TDD

Full/Half-duplexFDD/TDD

Half-duplexFDD Half-duplex

UEtransmit power 23 dBm 23 dBm 23 or 20 dBm 23 or 20 dBm 33 or 23 dBm

Power saving PSM, eDRX PSM, eDRX PSM, eDRX PSM, eDRX PSM, eDRX

Rel. 13: Narrowband-IoT (Cat-NB1)The uplink and downlink total transmission bandwidth is 180 kHzDownlink: OFDM with 15 kHz subcarrier spacing (1PRB)Uplink: SC-FDMA with 3.75 kHz and 15 kHz for single-tone transmissions and

optional multi-tone transmissions with 15 kHz subcarrier spacingOnly FDD in half-duplex mode (analog to UE Cat. 0 half-duplex Type B), no TDD in Rel. 13Reduced downlink transmission schemes:

TM1: single antenna port, TM2: two antenna ports, using transmit diversityOnly mobility in IDLE mode is supported

MTC features like Power Save Mode (PSM), extended DRX (eDRX) cycle are valid

NB-Io

T

NB-Io

T

LTE carrier LTE carrierNB

-IoT

NB-Io

T

e.g. GSM carrier

Guard-band operationIn-band operation


15 kHz

180 kHz

Standalone operation

17

CIoT-Uu

NB-IoT Architecture: Optimized to support transfer of small data Minimize signaling load over the radio interface


NB-IoTUE

MME

HSS

S-GW

SCEF

CIoTRAN

App

App

P-GW

T6a

S5S1-U

S1-MMEMME

SMSGW

REST API

IPv4/v6

Control Plane CIoT EPS optimization:Data Exchange on RRC level by adding data to ConnectionSetup or in UL ConnectionSetupCompletemessage or using Information Transfer messages.• non-IP messages to/from SCEF and • IP messages to/from SGW/PGW

User Plane CIoT EPS optimizationData Exchange (IP and Non-IP data) using the user data plane via radio bearers

18

Power Saving Mode (PSM)


activ

e

Txac

tive

I-DRX (<2.56s) TAU

T3324T3412 {54 min;....; 310 hours}

Send data

Powe

r con

sump

tion

PSM ModeIdle

PSM Mode: UE remains registered with the network and there is no need to re-attach or re-establish PDN connections – saves power, but UE isn’t reachable in PSM Mode

Attach /TAU Request(T3324, T3412 ext. value)

Attach /TAU Accept(T3324, T3412 ext. value)

RRCConnectionRelease

PSM Mode Idle Mode

MMEUE1 eNB

19

Extended RDX in idle (I-eDRX) and connected (C-eDRX) mode


activ

e

Txac

tive

{5.12s; 10.24 s; 20.48 s…: 2621.44s}Send data

I-eDRX I-eDRX I-eDRX I-eDRX

Idle Mode

Powe

r con

sump

tion

For devices with infrequently uplink data transmission, energy consumption can be reduced significantly by longer cycles for discontinuous reception (DRX).

Attach /TAU Request(Extended DRX parameters)

Attach /TAU Accept(Extended DRX parameters)

RRCConnectionRelease

Idle Mode

MMEUE1 eNBExample: extended DRX in Idle Mode

20

Narrow Band IoT measurement application with R&S®VSE


UL and DL measurements

Operates w/ RTO, FPS, FSW and FSV/FSVA

Demodulation measurements (EVM)

Spectral measurements (ACLR, SEM)

NB-IoT/eMTC Test application with R&S signal generatorsFrom High-End to Low-cost solutions

22

BS Receiver Test Module / Device Test Component Test

R&S®FSW

DUT

Downlink UplinkDUT

R&S®SGTR&S®SGT

R&S®FPS



Outline

23



LTE-A Pro: eMTC, NB-IoT What’s next on

the way to 5G

5G networks will enable the Internet of Things of the future

Very high data rate

Long battery lifetime

Mobility

Massive number of

devicesReliability, resilience, security

Very lowlatency

Very high capacity

Ultra reliable & low latency communicationsUltra reliable & low latency communicationsMassive machine type communicationsMassive machine type communications

Enhanced mobile broadbandEnhanced mobile broadband

eMTC

NB-IoT

LTE-V

IoT Sales Toolkit - 3GPP MTC 24

eMTC and NB-IoT on the way to 5G-IoT

IoT Sales Toolkit - 3GPP MTC 25

Further eMTC NB-IoT enhancementsPositioningE-CID: RSRP / RSRQ measurements, UE Rx-Tx time difference; OTDOA)MulticastFW/SW update, group messagesMobility enhancementsinter-frequency measurements Higher Data Rateaudio/voice streamingVoLTE enhancementsvoice apps at wearables

PositioningE-CID: RSRP / RSRQ measurements, UE Rx-Tx time difference)

MulticastFW/SW update, group messages

Non-Anchor PRB enhancementsNPRACH and Paging support

Mobility enhancementsconnected mode for service continuity

New power classes e.g. 14 dBm power class

Non-IP data over GPRSNon-IP data for EC-GSM-IoT via SCEF (like for NB-IoT)

V2V based on sidelinkSupport of V2V service by LTE D2D sidelink

Study D2D Network relayand PC5 link for NB-IoT/eMTC

Study eCall via IMS

Your Partner in testing the Internet of Things

26

Thanks for your attention.



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everything you need to know about testing lp-wan modules ... · joerg koepp market segment manager...

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