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EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment

Highlands – Far East bioregionEVC 16: Lowland Forest

Description:Eucalypt forest to 25 m tall on relatively fertile, moderately well-drained soils on ridges in areas of relatively high rainfall. Characterised by the diversity of life forms and species in the understorey including a range of shrubs, grasses and herbs.

Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.

DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus sieberi

Eucalyptus globoidea Eucalyptus cypellocarpa Eucalyptus obliqua

Silvertop AshWhite Stringybark Mountain Grey-gum Messmate Stringybark

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF

codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 7 25% MSSmall Shrub 3 10% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 4 10% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 3 15% GFScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code

Species typical of at least part of EVC range

Common NameHop Goodenia

MS Acacia mucronata ssp. longifolia Narrow-leaf WattleMS Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus Lance Beard-heathMS Epacris impressa Common HeathSS Tetratheca pilosa Hairy Pink-bellsSS Hibbertia empetrifolia s.l. Tangled Guinea-flowerSS Lomatia ilicifolia Holly LomatiaSS Dampiera stricta Blue DampieraMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Gonocarpus teucrioides s.l. Germander RaspwortLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLNG

Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeLNG

Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella caerulea var. caerulea Paroo LilyMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rush

MNG

Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Blechnum cartilagineum Gristle FernGF Calochlaena dubia Common Ground-fernSC Cassytha phaeolasia Rusty Dodder-laurelSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Tylophora barbata Bearded TylophoraSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis

Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark

EVC 16: Lowland Forest Highlands – Far East bioregionRecruitment:

Continuous

Organic Litter:40 % cover

Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:There are no consistent weeds in this

EVC.

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:

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Highlands – Far East bioregionEVC 18: Riparian Forest

Description:A tall forest along river banks and associated alluvial terraces with occasional occurrences on soaks and springs in the heads of gullies leading into creeks and rivers. The soil is fertile alluvium, regularly inundated and permanently moist. Dominated by tall eucalypts to 30 m tall, but also has an open to sparse secondary tree layer of wattles and scattered patches of shrubs (frequently disrupted by floods and less often wildfire), ferns, grasses and herbs.


DBH(cm)80 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus elata

Eucalyptus viminalis Eucalyptus croajingolensis

River PeppermintManna Gum Gippsland Peppermint

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 4 20% TMedium Shrub 11 30% MSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 9 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 4 15% GFTree Fern 2 5% TRFScrambler or Climber 5 10% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

EVC 18: Riparian Forest Highlands – Far East bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Pomaderris aspera Hazel PomaderrisT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Hedycarya angustifolia Austral MulberryMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Prostanthera lasianthos Victorian Christmas-bushLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisySH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeMTG Dianella caerulea var. caerulea Paroo LilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Blechnum cartilageneum Gristle FernGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-FernGF Adiantum aethiopicum Common MaidenhairGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Smilax australis Austral SarsaparillaSC Glycine clandestina Twining GlycineSC Eustrephus latifolius Wombat Berry

Recruitment:Continuous


Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high low




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Highlands – Far East bioregionEVC 21: Shrubby Dry Forest

Description:Occurs on a range of geologies on exposed aspects such as ridge-lines and medium to steep upper slopes, often in high rainfall areas and on shallow infertile soils. Open forest to 25 m tall characterised by the diversity and variability of the eucalypts. The understorey often lacks a secondary tree layer but contains a well-developed medium to low shrub layer. The ground layer is often very sparse with tussock-forming graminoids being the dominant life form.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common

Name30% Eucalyptus cypellocarpaEucalyptus sieberi Eucalyptus globoidea

Mountain Grey-gumSilvertop Ash White

Understorey: Life form

#Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 10% TMedium Shrub 6 30% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSMedium Herb 5 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover

80%

EVC 21: Shrubby Dry Forest Highlands - Far East bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus Lance Beard-heathMS Platysace lanceolata Shrubby PlatysaceMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Daviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-peaSS Hibbertia empetrifolia s.l. Tangled Guinea-flowerSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerMH Gonocarpus teucrioides s.l. Germander RaspwortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Dianella caerulea var. caerulea Paroo LilyMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Glycine clandestina Twining GlycineSC Tylophora barbata Bearded TylophoraSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis

Recruitment:Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 20 years.


Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:There are no consistent weeds in this EVC.

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:





Highlands – Far East bioregionEVC 28: Rocky Outcrop Shrubland

Description:Occurs in areas of low site quality on exposed rocky outcrops where rock is a dominant landform feature, soils are shallow or virtually absent and effective rainfall is low. Scattered, often stunted trees are occasionally present. A diverse shrub layer to 5 m tall characterises this EVC, including a number of rock-adapted species. The ground layer is usually sparse and species-poor except where it occurs in discrete patches and forms a mosaic with Rocky Outcrop Herbland.


#Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 10 50% MS

Small Shrub 3 15% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 3 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 10% MTGScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code


Common NameWhite Kunzea

MS Pomaderris lanigera Rusty PomaderrisMS Dodonaea viscosa Sticky Hop-bushMS Correa reflexa Common CorreaSS Pultenaea retusa Blunt Bush-peaSS Olearia iodochroa Violet Daisy-bushSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerPS Pseudanthus divaricatissimus Tangled

PseudanthusLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Derwentia perfoliata Digger's SpeedwellMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortLTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-

grassMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-

sedgeMTG Dichelachne rara Common Plume-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lily

Recruitment:Continuous.


Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMHMTG

Hypochoeris radicataVulpia bromoides

Cat's EarSquirrel-tail Fescue

HighHigh

LowLow

EVC 28: Rocky Outcrop Shrubland Highlands – Far East bioregion






Highlands – Far East bioregionEVC 29: Damp Forest

Description:Grows on a wide range of geologies on well-developed generally colluvial soils on a variety of aspects, from sea level to montane elevations. Dominated by a tall eucalypt tree layer to 30 m tall over a medium to tall dense shrub layer of broad- leaved species typical of wet forest mixed with elements from dry forest types. The ground layer includes herbs and grasses as well as a variety of moisture-dependent ferns including occasional tree ferns.


DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus fastigata

Eucalyptus fraxinoides Eucalyptus cypellocarpaEucalyptus obliqua

Cut-tailWhite Ash Mountain Grey-gumMessmate

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 15% TMedium Shrub 10 25% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 6 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 4 20% GFTree Fern 1 5% TRFScrambler or Climber 4 10% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

EVC 29: Damp Forest Highlands - Far East bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Elaeocarpus reticulatus Blue OliveberryT Acacia frigescens Frosted WattleMS Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus Lance Beard-heathMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Gonocarpus teucrioides s.l. Germander RaspwortLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Hierochloe rariflora Cane Holy-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Dianella caerulea var. caerulea Paroo LilyMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Blechnum cartilagineum Gristle FernGF Calochlaena dubia Common Ground-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Tylophora barbata Bearded TylophoraSC Smilax australis Austral Sarsaparilla


Organic Litter:50% cover

Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low






Highlands – Far East bioregionEVC 30: Wet Forest

Description:Grows on fertile, well-drained loamy soils on a range of geologies and elevation levels. It is largely restricted to protected sites in gullies and on southern aspects of hills and mountains where rainfall is high and cloud cover at ground level is frequent. Characterised by a tall eucalypt overstorey to 50 m tall with scattered understorey trees over a tall broad-leaved shrubby understorey and a moist, shaded, fern-rich ground layer that is usually dominated by tree-ferns.


DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover40%

Character SpeciesEucalyptus denticulata

Common NameErrinundra Shining GumEucalyptus fastigata Cut-tail

Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate StringybarkEucalyptus regnans Mountain Ash

Eucalyptus viminalis Manna Gum

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 4 20% TMedium Shrub 7 25% MSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 5 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 4 30% GFTree Fern 2 15% TRFEpiphyte 1 1% EPScrambler or Climber 4 10% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

EVC 30: Wet ForestHighlands - Far East bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Acacia frigescens Frosted WattleT Olearia argophylla Musk Daisy-bushMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushMS Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain PepperMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillMH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberryLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassMTG Hierochloe rariflora Cane Holy-grassGF Asplenium bulbiferum Mother SpleenwortGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Histiopteris incisa Bat's Wing FernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernEP Fieldia australis FieldiaSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Smilax australis Austral SarsaparillaSC Tylophora barbata Bearded Tylophora

Recruitment:Continuous (excepting Mountain Ash)


Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.


EVC.




For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you www.dse.vic.gov.au


Highlands – Far East bioregionEVC 31: Cool Temperate Rainforest

Description:Closed non-eucalypt forest to 25 m tall. Occurs in high rainfall areas above 700 m in elevation and protected from fire within Wet Forest. The understorey is characterised by tree ferns and a rich epiphytic flora. The ground layer is dominated by a diversity of ground ferns.

Large trees:SpeciesElaeocarpus/Atherosperma

DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name50% Elaeocarpus holopetalusAtherosperma moschatum

Black OliveberrySouthern Sassafras


#Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% IT

Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 20% TMedium Shrub 2 5% MSLarge Herb 2 10% LHMedium Herb 2 5% MHGround Fern 6 25% GFTree Fern 2 25% TRFEpiphyte 2 5% EPScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF CodeT


Common NameGippsland Waratah

T Notelaea ligustrina Privet Mock-oliveT Pittosporum bicolor BanyallaMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain PepperMS Leucopogon maccraei Subalpine Beard-heathLH Urtica incisa Scrub NettleLH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberryMH Australina pusilla ssp. muelleri Shade NettleMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lily

MNG

Deyeuxia rodwayi Tasman Bent-grassGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Histiopteris incisa Bat’s Wing FernGF Grammitis billardierei Common Finger-fernGF Asplenium bulbiferum ssp. gracillimum Mother SpleenwortTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernEP Hymenophyllum flabellatum Shiny Filmy FernEP Fieldia australis FieldiaSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Parsonsia brownii Twining Silkpod


EVC 31: Cool Temperate Rainforest Highlands - Far East bioregionRecruitment:

Continuous


Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.


EVC.




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Highlands – Far East bioregionEVC 32: Warm Temperate Rainforest

Description:Closed forest to 20m tall occurring along sheltered gullies at elevations below 700 m. Dominated by a range of non-eucalypt canopy species above an understorey of smaller trees and shrubs and usually visually dominated by ferns and climbers.

Large trees:SpeciesAcmena smithii

DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name50% Acmena smithii Lilly Pilly

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 5 25% TMedium Shrub 6 15% MSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 8 25% GFTree Fern 2 20% TRFEpiphyte 4 5% EPScrambler or Climber 9 20% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

EVC 32: Warm Temperate Rainforest Highlands - Far East bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Telopea oreades Gippsland WaratahT Rapanea howittiana MuttonwoodT Pittosporum undulatum Sweet PittosporumT Bedfordia arborescens Blanket-leafMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Hedycarya angustifolia Austral MulberryMS Notelaea venosa Large Mock-oliveMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushLH Urtica incisa Scrub NettleLH Sigesbeckia orientalis ssp. orientalis Indian WeedMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Australina pusilla ssp. muelleri Shade NettleMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortMH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberrySH Pyrrosia rupestris Rock Felt-fernLTG Gahnia melanocarpa Black-fruit Saw-sedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Luzula meridionalis Common WoodrushGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum patersonii ssp. patersonii Strap Water-fernGF Lastreopsis acuminata Shiny Shield-fernGF Blechnum cartilagineum Gristle FernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernEP Fieldia australis FieldiaEP Microsorum scandens Fragrant FernEP Crepidomanes venosum Veined Bristle-fernEP Microsorum pustulatum ssp. pustulatum Kangaroo FernSC Smilax australis Austral SarsaparillaSC Eustrephus latifolius Wombat BerrySC Marsdenia rostrata Milk VineSC Cissus hypoglauca Jungle Grape



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.


EVC.






Highlands – Far East bioregionEVC 33: Cool/Warm Temperate Rainforest Overlap

Description:Closed forest to 20m tall restricted to deeply incised river valleys of moderate gradient and associated steep gullies in rugged mountain country on a variety of southerly aspects at an elevation of 650 to 750 m. Dominated by a range of non-eucalypt canopy species above an understorey of smaller trees and shrubs and usually visually dominated by ferns and climbers.

Large trees:SpeciesAcmena/Elaeocarpus/Atherosperma/Pomaderris

DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name50% Acmena smithiiAtherosperma moschatum Elaeocarpus holopetalus

Lilly PillySouthern Sassafras Black Oliveberry Hazel Pomaderris


#Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 5 25% TMedium Shrub 6 15% MSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 3 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGGround Fern 8 25% GFTree Fern 3 20% TRFEpiphyte 4 5% EPScrambler or Climber 7 20% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

EVC 33: Cool/Warm Temperate Rainforest Overlap Highlands - Far East bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT v Eucryphia moorei LeatherwoodT Rapanea howittiana MuttonwoodT Pittosporum bicolor BanyallaMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Hedycarya angustifolia Austral MulberryMS Telopea oreodes Gippsland WaratahMS Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain PepperMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Australina pusilla ssp. muelleri Shade NettleGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum patersonii ssp. patersonii Strap Water-fernGF Lastreopsis acuminata Shiny Shield-fernGF Blechnum cartilagineum Gristle FernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernTRF Rr Cyathea cunninghamii Slender Tree-fernTRF r Cyathea X marcescens Skirted Tree-fernEP Fieldia australis FieldiaEP Grammitis billardieri Common Finger-fernEP Hymenophyllum australe Austral Filmy FernEP Microsorum scandens Fragrant FernEP Microsorum pustulatum ssp. pustulatum Kangaroo FernSC Smilax australis Austral SarsaparillaSC Eustrephus latifolius Wombat BerrySC Marsdenia rostrata Milk VineSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.


EVC.






Highlands – Far East bioregionEVC 35: Tableland Damp Forest

Description:Tall eucalypt forest to 30 m tall with an understorey dominated by a tall, diverse shrub layer of broad-leaved shrubs and heaths with sometimes a scattering of tree-ferns. The ground layer is dominated by a variety of herbs and graminoids. Occurs on topographically protected south-facing slopes and occasionally in gully heads on northern or western slopes in low relief montane areas.


DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus croajingolensis

Eucalyptus dalrympleana Eucalyptus

Gippsland PeppermintMountain Gum Errinundra Shining


#Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 20% TMedium Shrub 7 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 10% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 15% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFScrambler/Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL


EVC 35: Tableland Damp Forest Highlands - Far East bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Telopea oreades Gippsland WaratahT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Persoonia silvatica Forest GeebungMS Tasmannia xerophila ssp. robusta Errinundra PepperMS Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain PepperMS Leucopogon maccraei Subalpine Beard-heathSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselLH Brachyscome aculeata Branching DaisyLH Drymophila cyanocarpa Turquoise BerryMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaSH Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Matted PratiaLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Dichelachne rara Common Plume-grassMTG Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Common WoodrushMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.


EVC.






Highlands – Far East bioregionEVC 36: Montane Dry Woodland

Description:Occurs on dry and exposed mid to upper slopes at montane elevations, often extending onto ridges in high rainfall areas. Effective rainfall may be enhanced by cold air drainage, low cloud cover and in some cases, persistent snow cover. Open forest to open woodland to 15 m tall, according to altitude, precipitation and frequency of fire. The shrubby understorey is an unusual combination of species, which tolerate exposed montane conditions and species which enjoy the increased moisture available from cloud and fog drip.


DBH(cm)50 cm

#/ha15 / ha


Name20% Eucalyptus paucifloraEucalyptus rubida

Snow GumCandlebark

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 20% TMallee Tree 1 1% MTMedium Shrub 6 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 9 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C


EVC 36: Montane Dry Woodland Highlands - Far East bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Acacia obliquinervia Mountain Hickory WattleMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Prickly Bush-peaMS Daviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-peaMS Monotoca scoparia Prickly Broom-heathSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaSS Hibberttia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerLH Derwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Viola betonicifolia ssp. betonicifolia Showy VioletMH Asperula scoparia Prickly WoodruffSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Arthropodium milleflorum s.l. Pale Vanilla-lilyGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low






Highlands – Far East bioregionEVC 37: Montane Grassy Woodland

Description:Occurs in montane elevations on moderately fertile soils on all aspects. An open eucalypt woodland to 10 m tall, sometimes with a secondary tree layer. The understorey often consists of a sparse shrub layer which can be variable in height. The EVC is characterised by its grassy ground cover together with a variety of other graminoids and herbs.


DBH(cm)60 cm

#/ha15 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus dives

Eucalyptus rubidaBroad-leaved PeppermintCandlebark


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 2 10% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 8 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF CodeT


Common NameSilver Wattle

MS Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Prickly Bush-peaMS Epacris impressa Common HeathSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Tetratheca bauerifolia Heath Pink-bellsSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Helichrysum scorpioides Button EverlastingSH Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Shining PennywortSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Luzula meridionalis var. meridionalis Common WoodrushMTG Diplarrena moraea White IrisMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grass

MNG

Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis

EVC 37: Montane Grassy Woodland Highlands - Far East bioregionRecruitment:

Continuous.


Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high

high MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Earhigh low




For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186www.dse.vic.gov.au


Highlands – Far East bioregionEVC 38: Montane Damp Forest

Description:Grows on a wide range of geologies on well-developed generally colluvial soils on a variety of aspects at montane elevations. Dominated by a tall eucalypt tree layer to 30 m tall over a medium to tall dense shrub layer of broad-leaved species typical of wet forest mixed with elements from dry forest types. The ground layer includes herbs and grasses as well as a variety of moisture-dependent ferns.


DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus delegatensis ssp. delegatensis

Eucalyptus croajingolensis Eucalyptus obliqua Eucalyptus radiata s.l.

Alpine AshGippsland Peppermint MessmateNarrow-leaf


#Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 15% TMedium Shrub 7 25% MSSmall Shrub 3 10% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 2 10% GFTree Fern 1 1% TRFScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL


EVC 38: Montane Damp Forest Highlands – Far East bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerPS Persoonia chamaepeuce Dwarf GeebungPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberryLH Derwentia perfoliata Digger's SpeedwellLH Senecio hispidulus Rough FireweedLH Derwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortMH Ranunculus scapiger Hairy ButtercupSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaSH Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Matted PratiaSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Scleranthus biflorus s.l. Twin-flower KnawelLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Poa helmsii Tall Tussock-grassMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassMTG Dichelachne crinita Long-hair Plume-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Rubus parvifolius Small-leaf BrambleSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea

Recruitment:Cowww.dse.vic.gov.au


Highlands – Far East bioregionEVC 39: Montane Wet Forest

Description:Grows on the most sheltered wet sites such as gully heads and south facing slopes at montane elevations in high rainfall areas. Soils are deep, fertile, well-drained and structureless and although well-drained, may remain saturated for long periods. The overstorey forms a tall open eucalypt forest to 30 m tall over a secondary tree layer with occasional tall shrubs which provide shade and protection for a fern-rich ground layer. Scattered herbs occur in gaps in the ground layer.


DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name40% Eucalyptus delegatensis ssp. delegatensis Alpine Ash


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 5 30% TMedium Shrub 5 25% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSMedium Herb 3 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 10% MTGGround Fern 4 30% GFTree Fern 2 10% TRFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF CodeT


Common NameSilver Wattle

T Acacia frigescens Frosted WattleT Telopea oreades Gippsland WaratahT Elaeocarpus holopetalus Black OliveberryMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Prostanthera lasianthos Victorian Christmas-bushMS Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain PepperMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberryLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLNG

Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassMTG Hierochloe rariflora Cane Holy-grassGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Histiopteris incisa Bat's Wing FernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis

EVC 39: Montane Wet Forest Highlands – Far East bioregionRecruitment:

Continuous


Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.


EVC.




For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186www.dse.vic.gov.au


Highlands – Far East bioregionEVC 40: Montane Riparian Woodland

Description:Associated with the peat-rich flats of perennial, meandering streams which flow through Montane Dry Woodland at montane elevations. Characterised by a low open woodland to 10 m tall with a dense riparian shrub layer lining the smaller creeks but on the larger streams may be largely non-treed. The ground layer contains a dense sward of grasses, herbs and sedges often associated with creeks or river margins.


DBH(cm)60 cm

#/ha15 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus rubida

Eucalyptus camphora ssp. humeana Eucalyptus stellulata

CandlebarkMountain Swamp-gum Black Sallee


#Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% IT

Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 10% TMedium Shrub 3 10% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSLarge Herb 4 10% LHMedium Herb 12 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 30% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

Recruitment:Co

ntinuous


Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

EVC 40: Montane Riparian Woodland Highlands - Far East bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Leptospermum grandifolium Mountain Tea-treeMS Baeckea gunniana Alpine BaeckeaMS Leptospermum myrtifolium Myrtle Tea-treeMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Rubus parvifolius Small-leaf BrambleSS Epacris microphylla s.l. Coral HeathLH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flowerLH Veronica gracilis Slender SpeedwellLH Senecio hispidulus Rough FireweedMH Asperula pusilla Alpine WoodruffMH Asperula gunnii Mountain WoodruffMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Ranunculus amphitrichus Small River ButtercupSH Scleranthus biflorus s.l. Twin-flower KnawelLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeLTG Juncus gregiflorus Green RushLTG Carex longebrachiata Bergalia TussockMTG Carex gaudichaudiana Fen SedgeMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Lachnagrostis aemula s.l. Leafy Blown-grassMTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassMNG Baumea gunnii Slender Twig-sedgeMNG Baloskion australe Mountain Cord-rushMNG Luzula campestris spp. agg. Field WoodrushGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum minus Soft Water-fern

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar low highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowwww.dse.vic.gov.au


Highlands – Far East bioregionEVC 41: Montane Riparian Thicket

Description:Occurs in montane and sub-alpine areas, often within Montane Damp Forest along drainage lines, streams with gentle gradients and in soaks at the heads of gullies on south-facing aspects. The waterlogged soils are colluviums or alluviums rich in organic matter and it is a closed shrubland to 8 m tall in structure, often forming a narrow, linear strip. The understorey consists of a variety of shade-tolerant species. Along the stream flats ferns are the common life form while sedges, grasses and herbs form a sparse but diverse ground layer.

Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common

Name40% Leptospermum grandifolium Mountain Tea-tree


codeMedium Shrub 3 5% MSSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 40% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 1% MTGGround Fern 3 20% GFTree Fern 1 5% TRFEpiphyte 2 1% EPBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code


Common Name

MS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushMS Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain PepperSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-

orchidSH Chiloglottis cornuta Green Bird-orchidPH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-

sedgeLTG Juncus usitatus Billabong RushLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeMTG Isolepis subtilissima Mountain Club-

sedgeMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyGF Grammitis billardierei Common Finger-

fernGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-

fernTRF Todea barbara Austral King-fernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernEP Microsorum pustulatum ssp. pustulatum Kangaroo FernEP Hymenophyllum peltatum Alpine Filmy Fern

Recruitment:Co

ntinuous


Logs:5 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:There are no consistent weeds in this EVC.

EVC 41: Montane Riparian Thicket Highlands - Far East bioregion






Highlands – Far East bioregionEVC 47: Valley Grassy Forest

Description:Valley Grassy Forest occurs under moderate rainfall regimes of 700-800 mm per annum on fertile well-drained colluvial or alluvial soils on gently undulating lower slopes and valley floors. Open forest to 25 m tall may carry a variety of eucalypts, usually species which prefer more moist or more fertile conditions over a sparse shrub cover. In season, a rich array of herbs, lilies, grasses and sedges dominate the ground layer but at the drier end of the spectrum the ground layer may be sparse and slightly less diverse, but with the moisture-loving species still remaining.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name20% Eucalyptus elataEucalyptus viminalis Eucalyptus

River PeppermintManna Gum White Stringybark


#Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 15% TMedium Shrub 7 25% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 10 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 15% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFScrambler or Climber 5 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

EVC 47: Valley Grassy Forest Highlands - Far East bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleMS Kunzea ericoides BurganMS Exocarpos strictus Pale-fruit BallartMS Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Prickly Bush-peaMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Sprawling BluebellLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Acaena ovina Australian Sheep's BurrLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Veronica calycina Hairy SpeedwellSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Desmodium gunnii Southern Tick-trefoilSH Cymbonotus preissianus Austral Bear's-earSH Leptostigma reptans Dwarf NerteraLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Austrostipa rudis Veined Spear-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Echinopogon ovatus Common Hedgehog-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Glycine clandestina Twining GlycineSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry


Organic Litter:20 % www.dse.vic.gov.au

evc/bioregion benchmark for vegetation quality … · web viewsilver wattle ms pultenaea juniperina...

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