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Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark

EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment

Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 18: Riparian Forest

Description:A tall forest of river banks and associated alluvial terraces with occasional occurrences in the heads of gullies leading into creeksand rivers. The soil is fertile alluvium, regularly inundated and permanently moist. Dominated by eucalypts to 30 m tall, but alsohas an open to sparse secondary tree layer of wattles and scattered dense patches of shrubs, ferns, grasses and herbs.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 90 cm 20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus chapmaniana Bogong Gum

Eucalyptus cypellocarpa Mountain Grey-gum Eucalyptus dives Broad-leaved Peppermint Eucalyptus rubida Candlebark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 20% TMedium Shrub 7 30% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSLarge Herb 5 10% LHMedium Herb 16 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 10% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 8 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 4 5% MNGGround Fern 3 10% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004

© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004

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www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 18: Riparian Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Daviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-peaMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Indigofera australis Austral IndigoSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsSS Olearia myrsinoides Silky Daisy-bushPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Acrotriche prostrata Trailing Ground-berryLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselLH Epilobium billardierianum ssp. cinereum Grey Willow-herbMH Euchiton collinus s.s. Creeping CudweedMH Helichrysum scorpioides Button EverlastingMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortSH Galium propinquum Maori BedstrawSH Galium ciliare Hairy BedstrawSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Cymbonotus preissianus Austral Bear's-earMTG Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Common WoodrushMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Echinopogon ovatus Common Hedgehog-grassMNG Deyeuxia rodwayi Tasman Bent-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernSC Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine

Recruitment:Continuous.

Organic Litter:50 % cover

Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Rumex obtusifolius ssp. obtusifolius Broad-leaf Dock high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high lowMH Mimulus moschatus Musk Monkey-flower high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high lowSH Trifolium repens var. repens White Clover high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high low



Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 19: Riparian Shrubland

Description:Diverse, medium to tall shrubland to 8 m tall occurring on rocky substrates of major streams and banks and channels of rockycreeks and along perennial streams in gorge tracts. Able to withstand frequent flooding or regenerate rapidly after suchdisturbance and often forming dense thickets along the stream's edge during long periods without flooding. Trees may beirregularly scattered throughout but tend to be restricted to the banks of the rivers and creeks. Sedges and rushes common toriparian environments dominate the understorey as well as an array of herbs and grasses including many ephemeral specieswhich survive on the bare sands or in rock crevice.

Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood

Leptospermum grandifolium Mountain Tea-tree

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 9 20% MSMedium Herb 2 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 10% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 4 10% GFTree Fern 2 1% TRFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover 65%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Hedycarya angustifolia Austral MulberryMS Kunzea ericoides BurganMS Micrantheum hexandrum Box MicrantheumMH Euchiton collinus s.l. Clustered/Creeping CudweedLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Calochlaena dubia Common Ground-fernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum minus Soft Water-fernTRF Todea barbara Austral King-fernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernSC Pandorea pandorana Wonga Vine

Recruitment:Continuous


Logs:10 m/0.1 ha (note: large log class does not apply)

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high high







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 19: Riparian Shrubland - Victorian Alps bioregion



Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 20: Heathy Dry Forest

Description:Grows on shallow, rocky skeletal soils on a variety of geologies and on a range of landforms from gently undulating hills toexposed aspects on ridge tops and steep slopes at a range of elevations. The overstorey is a low, open eucalypt forest, poor inform to 20 m tall with an open crown cover. The understorey is dominated by a low, sparse to dense layer of ericoid-leavedshrubs including heaths and peas. Graminoids and grasses are frequently present in the ground layer, but do not provide muchcover.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus dives Broad-leaved Peppermint

Eucalyptus mannifera ssp. mannifera Brittle Gum Eucalyptus rubida Candlebark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 8 30% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSProstrate Shrub 3 15% PSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 4 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 20% MTGGround Fern 1 1% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Daviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-peaMS Persoonia confertiflora Cluster-flower GeebungMS Monotoca scoparia Prickly Broom-heathMS Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Prickly Bush-peaSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Dillwynia phylicoides Small-leaf Parrot-peaPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaPS Persoonia chamaepeuce Dwarf GeebungLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 20: Heathy Dry Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion

Recruitment:Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 20 years.


Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low



Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 21: Shrubby Dry Forest

Description:Occurs on a range of geologies on exposed aspects such as ridge-lines and medium to steep upper slopes, often in high rainfallareas and on shallow infertile soils. The overstorey is a low, open forest to 25 m tall characterised by the diversity andvariability of the eucalypts. The understorey often lacks a secondary tree layer but contains a well-developed medium to lowshrub layer. The ground layer is often very sparse with tussock-forming graminoids being the dominant life form.



Eucalyptus dalrympleana ssp. dalrympleana Mountain Gum

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMallee Tree 1 5% MTMedium Shrub 8 40% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 85%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Monotoca scoparia Prickly Broom-heathMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Daviesia latifolia Hop Bitter-peaMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaPS Persoonia chamaepeuce Dwarf GeebungLH Derwentia perfoliata Digger's SpeedwellLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Sprawling BluebellMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Helichrysum scorpioides Button EverlastingLTG Lomandra longifolia ssp. exilis Cluster-headed Mat-rushMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Grey Tussock-grass







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 21: Shrubby Dry Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high



Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 22: Grassy Dry Forest

Description:Occurs on a variety of gradients and altitudes and on a range of geologies. The overstorey is dominated by a low to mediumheight forest of eucalypts to 20 m tall, sometimes resembling an open woodland with a secondary, smaller tree layer includinga number of Acacia species. The understorey usually consists of a sparse shrub layer of medium height. Grassy Dry Forest ischaracterised by a ground layer dominated by a high diversity of drought-tolerant grasses and herbs, often including a suite offern species.



Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Red Stringybark Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.l. Bundy

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 4 10% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 11 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 22: Grassy Dry Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaSS Pimelea linifolia Slender Rice-flowerSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedMH Epilobium billardierianum Variable Willow-herbMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Cymbonotus preissianus Austral Bear's-earMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Echinopogon ovatus Common Hedgehog-grassGF Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Green Rock-fernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMH Trifolium arvense var. arvense Hare's-foot Clover high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high low



Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 23: Herb-rich Foothill Forest

Description:Occurs on relatively fertile, moderately well-drained soils on an extremely wide range of geological types and in areas ofmoderate to high rainfall. Occupies easterly and southerly aspects mainly on lower slopes and in gullies. A medium to tall openforest or woodland to 25 m tall with a small tree layer over a sparse to dense shrub layer. A high cover and diversity of herbsand grasses in the ground layer characterise this EVC.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Narrow-leaf Peppermint

Eucalyptus dives Broad-leaved Peppermint

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 6 20% MSSmall Shrub 3 10% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 4 5% LHMedium Herb 12 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 2 15% GFScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 23: Herb-rich Foothill Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Daviesia leptophylla Narrow-leaf Bitter-peaMS Daviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-peaSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushSS Ozothamnus thyrsoideus Sticky EverlastingPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Acrotriche prostrata Trailing Ground-berryPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Chrysocephalum semipapposum Clustered EverlastingMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Viola betonicifolia ssp. betonicifolia Showy VioletSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Deyeuxia rodwayi Tasman Bent-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Solanum nigrum sensu Willis (1972) Black Nightshade low lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low



Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 27: Blackthorn Scrub

Description:Occurs on northerly and westerly slopes of mountains and valleys. Trees are not a prominent feature, often present only asemergents or forming a very open woodland. The small tree or large shrub layer to 10 m tall is a dominant feature, oftenforming even-aged stands of uniform height. The ground layer is generally sparse and species-poor due to low site quality andthe density of the overstorey. Vines can be conspicuous in the understorey.

Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Acacia silvestris Red Wattle Pomaderris aspera Hazel Pomaderris

Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry Ballart

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub 5 20% MSMedium Herb 2 1% MHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFEpiphyte 2 1% EPScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 45%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Philotheca trachyphylla Rock Wax-flowerMS Cassinia trinerva Three-nerved CassiniaMS Kunzea ericoides BurganMS Olearia lirata Snowy Daisy-bushMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Notodanthonia longifolia Long-leaf Wallaby-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernSC Pandorea pandorana Wonga Vine



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply)

Weediness:There are no consistent weeds in this EVC.







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 27: Blackthorn Scrub - Victorian Alps bioregion



Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 28: Rocky Outcrop Shrubland

Description:Occurs in areas of low site quality on exposed rocky outcrops where rock is a dominant landform feature, soils are shallow orvirtually absent and effective rainfall is low. Scattered, often stunted trees are occasionally present. A diverse shrub layer to 4 mtall characterises this EVC, including a number of rock-adapted species. The ground layer is usually sparse and species-poorexcept where it occurs in discrete patches and forms a mosaic with Rocky Outcrop Herbland.

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 7 30% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 2 1% MHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFScrambler or climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 65%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Leucopogon fletcheri ssp. brevisepalus Twin-flower Beard-heathMS Platysace lanceolata Shrubby PlatysaceMS Ozothamnus obcordatus Grey EverlastingSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Phyllanthus hirtellus Thyme SpurgeSS Hibbertia riparia Erect Guinea-flowerLH Stypandra glauca Nodding Blue-lilyLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Sprawling BluebellLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedMH Pomax umbellata PomaxMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Leucochrysum albicans Hoary SunrayMH Isotoma axillaris Rock IsotomeMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyGF Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Green Rock-fernSC Cassytha melantha Coarse Dodder-laurelSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea










www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 28: Rocky Outcrop Shrubland - Victorian Alps bioregion



Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 29: Damp Forest

Description:Grows on a wide range of geologies on well-developed generally colluvial soils on a variety of aspects, from sea level tomontane elevations. Dominated by a tall eucalypt tree layer to 30 m tall over a medium to tall dense shrub layer of broad-leaved species typical of wet forest mixed with elements from dry forest types. The ground layer includes herbs and grasses aswell as a variety of moisture-dependent ferns.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus regnans Mountain Ash

Eucalyptus cypellocarpa Mountain Grey-gum

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 25% TMedium Shrub 3 20% MSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 15% MTGGround Fern 2 20% GFTree Fern 1 5% TRFScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Olearia argophylla Musk Daisy-bushT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushLH Urtica incisa Scrub NettleLH Mentha laxiflora Forest MintMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortMH Australina pusilla ssp. muelleri Shade NettleMH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberryMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillSH Galium propinquum Maori BedstrawSH Oxalis corniculata s.l. Yellow Wood-sorrelSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaLTG Lepidosperma elatius Tall Sword-sedgeMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-fernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 29: Damp Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Solanum nigrum sensu Willis (1972) Black Nightshade high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high



Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 30: Wet Forest

Description:Grows on fertile, well-drained loamy soils on a range of geologies and elevation levels. It is largely restricted to protected sitesin gullies and on southern aspects of hills and mountains where rainfall is high and cloud cover at ground level is frequent.Characterised by a tall eucalypt overstorey to 30 m tall with scattered understorey trees over a tall broad-leaved shrubbyunderstorey and a moist, shaded, fern-rich ground layer that is usually dominated by tree-ferns.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus delegatensis ssp. delegatensis Alpine Ash

Eucalyptus regnans Mountain Ash

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 25% TMedium Shrub 7 15% MSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGGround Fern 4 25% GFTree Fern 1 15% TRFScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Pittosporum bicolor BanyallaMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaLH Urtica incisa Scrub NettleLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselLH Mentha laxiflora Forest MintMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Histiopteris incisa Bat's Wing FernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 30: Wet Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.




Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 31: Cool Temperate Rainforest

Description:Closed non-eucalypt forest to 25 m tall with occasional emergent eucalypts. Generally restricted to deeply incised gullies andgully-heads with southern aspects. Soils are well-developed gradational clay or sandy clay loams high in humus content. Rainfallis in the order of 1000-2000 mm a year.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haVarious genera 70 cm 20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name50% Nothofagus cunninghamii Myrtle Beech

Atherosperma moschatum Southern Sassafras Acacia dealbata Silver Wattle

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 10% TMedium Shrub 3 10% MSSmall Shrub 1 5% SSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 4 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 10% MTGGround Fern 5 25% GFTree Fern 1 10% TRFBryophytes/Lichens na 40% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain PepperMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaSS r Wittsteinia vacciniacea Baw Baw BerryMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Australina pusilla ssp. muelleri Shade NettleMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Libertia pulchella Pretty Grass-flagMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Grammitis billardierei Common Finger-fernGF Blechnum fluviatile Ray Water-fernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 31: Cool Temperate Rainforest - Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.




Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 35: Tableland Damp Forest

Description:Tall eucalypt forest to 30 m tall with an understorey dominated by a tall, diverse shrub layer of broad-leaved shrubs and heathswith sometimes a scattering of tree-ferns. The ground layer is dominated by a variety of herbs and graminoids. Occurs ontopographically protected south-facing slopes and occasionally in gully heads on northern or western slopes in low reliefmontane areas.



Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 20% TMedium Shrub 7 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 10% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 15% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Acacia obliquinervia Mountain Hickory WattleMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathLH Derwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fern







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 35: Tableland Damp Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.




Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 36: Montane Dry Woodland

Description:Occurs on dry and exposed mid to upper slopes at montane elevations, often extending onto ridges in high rainfall areas.Effective rainfall may be enhanced by cold air drainage, low cloud cover and in some cases, persistent snow cover. Theoverstorey trees vary from an open forest to an open woodland to 15 m tall, according to altitude, precipitation and frequencyof fire. The shrubby understorey is an unusual combination of species, which tolerate exposed montane conditions and specieswhich enjoy the increased moisture available from cloud and fog drip. Generally the lower rainfall, less fertile geologies supporta shrubby understorey with a lower overall species diversity. The ground layer is rarely high in grass and herb cover and isusually dominated by tussock grasses.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus pauciflora Snow Gum

Eucalyptus dives Broad-leaved Peppermint Eucalyptus rubida Candlebark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 20% TMallee Tree 1 1% MTMedium Shrub 6 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 9 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 36: Montane Dry Woodland - Victorian Alps bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Acacia obliquinervia Mountain Hickory WattleMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Daviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-peaMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaLH Derwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Viola betonicifolia ssp. betonicifolia Showy VioletMH Asperula scoparia Prickly WoodruffSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Arthropodium milleflorum s.l. Pale Vanilla-lilyGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.




Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 37: Montane Grassy Woodland

Description:Occurs in montane elevations on moderately fertile soils on all aspects. An open eucalypt woodland to 10 m tall, sometimeswith a secondary tree layer. The understorey often consists of a sparse shrub layer which can be variable in height. The EVC ischaracterised by its grassy ground cover together with a variety of other graminoids and herbs.



Eucalyptus dives Broad-leaved Peppermint Eucalyptus rubida Candlebark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 6 20% MSSmall Shrub 3 10% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 15 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 37: Montane Grassy Woodland - Victorian Alps bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Prickly Bush-peaMS Pimelea linifolia Slender Rice-flowerMS Brachyloma daphnoides Daphne HeathSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Viola betonicifolia ssp. betonicifolia Showy VioletMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidSH Galium ciliare Hairy BedstrawSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Common WoodrushGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high lowMH Taraxacum officinale spp. agg. Garden Dandelion high lowSH Trifolium repens var. repens White Clover high high



Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 38: Montane Damp Forest

Description:Grows on a wide range of geologies on well-developed generally colluvial soils on a variety of aspects at montane elevations.Dominated by a tall eucalypt tree layer to 30 m tall over a medium to tall dense shrub layer of broad-leaved species typical ofwet forest mixed with elements from dry forest types. The ground layer includes herbs and grasses as well as a variety ofmoisture-dependent ferns.



Eucalyptus dalrympleana ssp. dalrympleana Mountain Gum

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 15% TMedium Shrub 7 25% MSSmall Shrub 3 10% SSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 10 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 2 10% GFScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Acacia obliquinervia Mountain Hickory WattleMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaLH Derwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselLH Picris angustifolia Native PicrisMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Viola betonicifolia ssp. betonicifolia Showy VioletSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 38: Montane Damp Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.




Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 39: Montane Wet Forest

Description:Grows on the most sheltered wet sites such as gully heads and south facing slopes at montane elevations in high rainfall areas.Soils are deep, fertile, well-drained and structureless and although well-drained, may remain saturated for long periods. Theoverstorey forms a tall open eucalypt forest to 30 m tall over a secondary tree layer with occasional tall shrubs which provideshade and protection for a fern-rich ground layer. Scattered herbs occur in gaps in the ground layer.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus regnans Mountain Ash

Euclayptus delegatensis ssp. delegatensis Alpine Ash

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 5 20% TMedium Shrub 5 25% MSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 5 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 5% MTGGround Fern 3 25% GFTree Fern 2 5% TRFScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Olearia argophylla Musk Daisy-bushMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain PepperLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselLH Mentha laxiflora Forest MintMH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberryMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortSH Leptostigma reptans Dwarf NerteraLTG Dryopoa dives Giant Mountain-grassLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Histiopteris incisa Bat's Wing FernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004






www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 39: Montane Wet Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.




Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 40: Montane Riparian Woodland

Description:Associated with the peat-rich flats of perennial, meandering streams which flow through Montane Dry Woodland at montaneelevations. Characterised by a low open woodland to 10 m tall with a dense riparian shrub layer lining the smaller creeks but onthe larger streams may be largely non-treed. The ground layer contains a dense sward of grasses, herbs and sedges oftenassociated with creeks or river margins.

+ woodland/forest only components (ignore when assessing treeless areas and standardise final score as appropriate)

Large trees+:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 60 cm 10 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover+:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus rubida Candlebark

Eucalyptus camphora ssp. humeana Mountain Swamp-gum Eucalyptus stellulata Black Sallee

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree+ 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 10% TMedium Shrub 3 15% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSLarge Herb 4 10% LHMedium Herb 12 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 30% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 40: Montane Riparian Woodland - Victorian Alps bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Leptospermum grandifolium Mountain Tea-treeMS Baeckea gunniana Alpine BaeckeaMS Leptospermum myrtifolium Myrtle Tea-treeMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Epacris microphylla s.l. Coral HeathSS Rubus parvifolius Small-leaf BrambleLH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flowerLH Veronica gracilis Slender SpeedwellLH Senecio hispidulus Rough FireweedMH Asperula pusilla Alpine WoodruffMH Asperula gunnii Mountain WoodruffMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Ranunculus amphitrichus Small River ButtercupSH r Gratiola nana Matted BrooklimeSH Scleranthus biflorus s.l. Twin-flower KnawelLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLTG r Scirpus polystachyus Large-head Club-sedgeLTG Juncus gregiflorus Green RushLTG Carex longebrachiata Bergalia TussockMTG Carex gaudichaudiana Fen SedgeMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Lachnagrostis aemula s.l. Leafy Blown-grassMTG Carex blakei Alpine SedgeMNG Isolepis crassiuscula Alpine Club-sedgeMNG Baumea gunnii Slender Twig-sedgeMNG Baloskion australe Mountain Cord-rushMNG Luzula campestris spp. agg. Field WoodrushGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum minus Soft Water-fern

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar high highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high highMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high lowMH Taraxacum officinale spp. agg. Garden Dandelion high lowMH Batrachium trichophyllum Water Fennel high highMH Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel high highSH Trifolium repens var. repens White Clover high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high highMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high low

EVC 40_61: Treed Montane Riparian Woodland

Victorian Alps Bioregion


Large Trees:Species DBH(cm) #/ha

60 cmEucalyptus spp. 10 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:

%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus camphora subsp. humeana Mountain Swamp-gum

Eucalyptus rubida CandlebarkEucalyptus stellulata Black Sallee

Understorey:#Spp %Cover LF CodeLifeform

Immature Canopy Tree 5% IT

Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 10% T1

Medium Shrub 15% MS3

Small Shrub 5% SS3

Large Herb 10% LH4

Medium Herb 20% MH12

Small or Prostrate Herb 10% SH4

Large Tufted Graminoid 5% LTG3

Large Non-Tufted Graminoid 1% LNG1

Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid 30% MTG6

Medium to Tiny Non-Tufted Graminoid 5% MNG3

Ground Fern 5% GF2

Bryophytes/Lichens 20% BL

Description:Associated with the peat-rich flats of perennial, meandering streams which flow through Montane Dry Woodland at montane elevations.Characterised by a low open woodland to 10 m tall with a dense riparian shrub layer lining the smaller creeks but on the larger streamsmay be largely non-treed. The ground layer contains a dense sward of grasses, herbs and sedges often associated with creeks or rivermargins.

Ecological Vegetation Class Bioregion Benchmark


LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Leptospermum grandifolium Mountain Tea-tree

MS Baeckea gunniana Alpine Baeckea

MS Leptospermum myrtifolium Myrtle Tea-tree

MS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace Bush

SS Epacris microphylla s.l. Coral Heath

SS Hovea heterophylla Common Hovea

SS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heath

SS Rubus parvifolius Small-leaf Bramble

LH Senecio hispidulus s.l. Rough Fireweed

LH Veronica gracilis Slender Speedwell

LH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flower

MH Asperula gunnii Mountain Woodruff

MH Asperula pusilla Alpine Woodruff

MH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil Cranesbill

SH Dichondra repens Kidney-weed

SH Gratiola nana Matted Brooklimer

SH Ranunculus amphitrichus Small River Buttercup

SH Scleranthus biflorus s.l. Twin-flower Knawel

LTG Carex longebrachiata Bergalia Tussock

LTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grass

LTG Juncus gregiflorus Green Rush

LTG Scirpus polystachyus Large-head Club-sedger

LNG Various spp.

MTG Carex blakei Alpine Sedger

MTG Carex gaudichaudiana Fen Sedge

MTG Lachnagrostis aemula s.l. Leafy Blown-grass

MTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grass

MNG Baloskion australe Mountain Cord-rush

MNG Baumea gunnii Slender Twig-sedge

MNG Isolepis crassiuscula Alpine Club-sedge

MNG Luzula campestris spp. agg. Field Woodrush

GF Blechnum minus Soft Water-fern

GF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fern



Logs:15 m/0.1ha.

Weediness:

LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactSelf-healPrunella vulgarisMH high highSpear ThistleCirsium vulgareLH high highYorkshire FogHolcus lanatusLNG high highWhite CloverTrifolium repens var. repensSH high highSweet Vernal-grassAnthoxanthum odoratumMTG high highCurled DockRumex crispusLH high highSweet BriarRosa rubiginosaMS high highSheep SorrelAcetosella vulgarisMH high highWater FennelBatrachium trichophyllumMH high highCommon Mouse-earChickweed

Cerastium glomeratum s.l.MH high low

Ecological Vegetation Class Bioregion Benchmark


Weediness:

LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactGarden DandelionTaraxacum officinale spp. agg.MH high lowSuckling CloverTrifolium dubiumMH high lowCat's EarHypochoeris radicataMH high lowDelicate Hair-grassAira elegantissimaMNG high lowSilvery Hair-grassAira caryophylleaMNG high low

www.dse.vic.gov.au

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment© The State of Victoria Government Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-comercial is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the NominatedOfficer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson St, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002.


This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposesand therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss, of other consequences which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.



Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 41: Montane Riparian Thicket

Description:Occurs in montane and sub-alpine areas, often within Montane Damp Forest along drainage lines, streams with gentle gradientsand in soaks at the heads of gullies on south-facing aspects. The waterlogged soils are colluviums or alluviums rich in organicmatter and it is a closed shrubland to 8 m tall in structure, often forming a narrow, linear strip. The understorey consists of avariety of shade-tolerant species. Along the stream flats ferns are the common life form while sedges, grasses and herbs form asparse but diverse ground layer.

Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Leptospermum grandifolium Mountain Tea-tree

Nothofagus cunninghamii Myrtle Beech

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 1 5% MSSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 40% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 1% MTGGround Fern 3 20% GFTree Fern 1 5% TRFEpiphyte 2 1% EPBryophytes/Lichens na 20 % BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover 95%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain PepperSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidSH Chiloglottis cornuta Green Bird-orchidLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLTG Juncus usitatus Billabong RushMTG Isolepis subtilissima Mountain Club-sedgeMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG r Carex alsophila Forest SedgeGF Grammitis billardierei Common Finger-fernGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-fernTRF Todea barbara Austral King-fernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernEP Microsorum pustulatum ssp. pustulatum Kangaroo FernEP Hymenophyllum peltatum Alpine Filmy Fern



Logs:5 m/0.1 ha.








www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 41: Montane Riparian Thicket - Victorian Alps bioregion



Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 42: Sub-alpine Shrubland

Description:A sparse to dense dry shrubland that occurs above 1200 m where snow persists for long periods. Species diversity is relativelylow due to the harsh environment of long periods of low temperatures, the dominance of exposed rock and shallow, skeletalsoils. The dominant feature of this EVC is the dense, though sometimes patchy shrub-layer under scattered mallee-formeucalypts such as Snow Gum Eucalyptus pauciflora, growing where soils accumulate in rock crevices. In the ground stratumherbs and grasses may be present in high numbers if the shrub layer is sparse.

Life forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 6 40% MSSmall Shrub 4 15% SSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Podolobium alpestre Alpine PodolobiumMS Bossiaea foliosa Leafy BossiaeaMS Callistemon sieberi River BottlebrushMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaSS Baeckea ramosissima Rosy BaeckeaSS Kunzea muelleri Yellow KunzeaSS Leucopogon fraseri Sharp Beard-heathSS r Trochocarpa clarkei Lilac BerryPS Pimelea alpina Alpine Rice-flowerPS r Pimelea biflora Matted Rice-flowerPS Persoonia chamaepeuce Dwarf GeebungLH Brachyscome aculeata Branching DaisyLH Senecio pinnatifolius Variable GroundselLH Senecio gunnii Mountain FireweedMH Celmisia asteliifolia spp. agg. Silver DaisyMH Goodenia hederacea Ivy GoodeniaMH Erigeron pappocromus spp. agg. Violet FleabaneSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaSH Goodenia lanata Trailing GoodeniaSH r Stackhousia pulvinaris Alpine StackhousiaSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidMTG Poa fawcettiae Horny Snow-grassMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Deyeuxia scaberula Rough Bent-grassMNG Luzula campestris spp. agg. Field WoodrushMNG Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-rush







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 42: Sub-alpine Shrubland - Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high



Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 43: Sub-alpine Woodland

Description:Grows on a wide range of geologies and aspects, in the higher altitudinal levels above 1200 m. Rainfall is relatively high andsnow may persist for long periods over winter. Soils are generally skeletal sandy clay loams with a rich humus topsoil layer. Alow, open woodland to 10 m tall dominated by Snow Gum Eucalyptus pauciflora, with the understorey variously consisting of arich suite of grasses and herbs, or a dense layer of woody shrubs, depending on soil fertility.



Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 5 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 10% SSLarge Herb 3 10% LHMedium Herb 8 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia obliquinervia Mountain Hickory WattleMS Podolobium alpestre Alpine PodolobiumMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushMS Tasmannia xerophila Alpine PepperSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathLH Senecio gunnii Mountain FireweedMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Oreomyrrhis eriopoda Australian CarawayMH Viola betonicifolia ssp. betonicifolia Showy VioletMH Asperula gunnii Mountain WoodruffMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fern







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 43: Sub-alpine Woodland - Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low



Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 45: Shrubby Foothill Forest

Description:Occurs on ridges and mainly on southern and eastern slopes in association with Damp Forest or Wet Forest on moderatelyfertile soils and at a range of elevations. The overstorey is a medium eucalypt forest to 25 m tall over an understoreycharacterised by a distinctive middle strata dominated by a diversity of narrow-leaved shrubs and a paucity of ferns, graminoidsand herbs in the ground stratum.



Eucalyptus mannifera ssp. mannifera Brittle Gum

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 8 35% MSSmall Shrub 2 10% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 1 1% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MTGEpiphyte 1 1% EPBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover 55%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia obliquinervia Mountain Hickory WattleMS Monotoca scoparia Prickly Broom-heathMS Daviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-peaMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Exocarpos strictus Pale-fruit BallartSS Rhytidosporum procumbens White MarianthPS Persoonia chamaepeuce Dwarf GeebungPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Chrysocephalum semipapposum Clustered EverlastingMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Goodenia lanata Trailing GoodeniaMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilySC Cassytha glabella Slender Dodder-laurel

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment September 2004






www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 45: Shrubby Foothill Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.




Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 72: Granitic Hills Woodland

Description:Mainly restricted to granite rocky outcrops and structurally consists of a low woodland to 10 m high with the dominant treesoften being stunted.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus nortonii Silver Bundy

Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Red StringybarkEucalyptus goniocalyx s.l. Bundy

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 4 20% MSSmall Shrub 3 20% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 11 20% MHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage coverage 70%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping SheoakMS Calytrix tetragona Common Fringe-myrtleMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS R r Grevillea jephcottii Green GrevilleaMS Acacia verniciflua Varnish WattleSS Micromyrtus ciliata Heath-myrtleSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsSS Dillwynia sericea s.l. Showy Parrot-peaLH Stackhousia viminea Slender StackhousiaLH Derwentia perfoliata Digger's SpeedwellMH Euchiton collinus s.s. Creeping CudweedMH Drosera peltata Pale SundewMH Daucus glochidiatus Australian CarrotMH Gonocarpus elatus Tall RaspwortMTG Dichelachne sieberiana Rough Plume-grassMTG r Poa sieberiana var. cyanophylla Blue-leaf Tussock-grassMTG Juncus bufonius Toad RushMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Cheilanthes sieberi ssp. sieberi Narrow Rock-fern







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 72: Granitic Hills Woodland - Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMNG Aira spp. Hair Grass high lowUnd Vulpia spp. Fescue high low



Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 82: Riverine Escarpment Scrub

Description:Shrubland to 10 m tall with occasional emergent eucalypts. Occurs on shallow colluvial soils along rocky cliffs and slopesassociated with rivers and creeks and may extend onto alluvial terraces. Characterised by a dense medium to tall shrub layerover a ground layer which can range from low to high diversity and consist of a variety of graminoids and herbs. Ferns canoften be a major component of the ground stratum.

Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood

Pomaderris aspera Hazel Pomaderris Acacia dealbata Silver Wattle

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Shrub 5% ITMedium Shrub 8 30% MSSmall Shrub 2 1% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 12 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 4 15% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 3 10% GFScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Lomatia myricoides River LomatiaMS Leptospermum brevipes Slender Tea-treeMS Kunzea ericoides BurganSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Epilobium billardierianum ssp. hydrophilum Robust Willow-herbLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedMH Ajuga australis Austral BugleMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortLTG Cyperus lucidus Leafy Flat-sedgeLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Poa labillardierei var. labillardierei Common Tussock-grassMTG Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Adiantum aethiopicum Common MaidenhairGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-fern







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 82: Riverine Escarpment Scrub -Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply)

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar high highMS Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Blackberry high highMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high



Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 83: Swampy Riparian Woodland

Description:Woodland to 15 m tall generally occupying low energy streams of the foothills and plains. The lower strata are variously locallydominated by a range of large and medium shrub species on the stream levees in combination with large tussock grasses andsedges in the ground layer.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus camphora ssp. humeana Mountain Swamp-gum

Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Narrow-leaf Peppermint

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 15% TMedium Shrub 5 10% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 5 30% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGGround Fern 4 10% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 83: Swampy Riparian Woodland - Victorian Alps bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Epacris breviflora Drumstick HeathSS Rubus parvifolius Small-leaf BrambleLH Mentha laxiflora Forest MintLH Epilobium gunnianum Gunn's Willow-herbLH Urtica incisa Scrub NettleLH Senecio minimus Shrubby FireweedMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillMH Asperula scoparia Prickly WoodruffSH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hypericum japonicum Matted St John's WortSH Gonocarpus micranthus ssp. micranthus Creeping RaspwortSH Hydrocotyle tripartita Slender PennywortLTG Cyperus lucidus Leafy Flat-sedgeLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Eleocharis gracilis Slender Spike-sedgeMNG Echinopogon ovatus Common Hedgehog-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-fernGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum minus Soft Water-fernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fern



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high lowMH Mimulus moschatus Musk Monkey-flower high lowMH Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot Trefoil high highSH Trifolium repens var. repens White Clover high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high high



Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 169: Dry Valley Forest

Description:Open eucalypt forest to 20 m tall occurring along minor gullies, ephemeral streams and river flats. The overstorey may containa range of eucalypts typical of drier environments over an understorey of scattered shrubs and a notably mossy herb-richgroundcover.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Red Stringybark

Eucalyptus cypellocarpa Mountain Grey-gum

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 4 15% TMedium Shrub 9 30% MSSmall Shrub 3 10% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 4 5% LHMedium Herb 11 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 3 10% GFTree Fern 1 5% TRFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 169: Dry Valley Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Olearia argophylla Musk Daisy-bushT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Goodia lotifolia Golden TipSS Tetratheca pilosa Hairy Pink-bellsSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Olearia megalophylla Large-leaf Daisy-bushLH Stypandra glauca Nodding Blue-lilyLH Chrysocephalum semipapposum Clustered EverlastingMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLTG Deyeuxia frigida Forest Bent-grassMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Libertia pulchella Pretty Grass-flagMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high low



Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 175: Grassy Woodland

Description:A variable open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall over a diverse ground layer of grasses and herbs. The shrub component isusually sparse. It occurs on sites with moderate fertility on gentle slopes or undulating hills on a range of geologies.



Eucalyptus rubida Candlebark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 4 10% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSLarge Herb 5 10% LHMedium Herb 7 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 30% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Exocarpos strictus Pale-fruit BallartMS R r Discaria pubescens Australian Anchor PlantMS Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Tree VioletMS r Pimelea pauciflora Poison Rice-flowerSS Pimelea glauca Smooth Rice-flowerPS r Muehlenbeckia axillaris Matted LignumLH Ajuga australis Austral BugleLH Derwentia perfoliata Digger's SpeedwellLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Sprawling BluebellMH Geranium solanderi s.l. Austral CranesbillMH Daucus glochidiatus Australian CarrotMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Plantago hispida Hairy PlantainSH r Scleranthus diander Tufted KnawelSH Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Pink BindweedSH Desmodium varians Slender Tick-trefoilLTG Austrostipa blackii Crested Spear-grassMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Poa hookeri Hooker's Tussock-grassMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeMTG Elymus scaber var. scaber Common Wheat-grassMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassGF r Asplenium trichomanes ssp. quadrivalens Common SpleenwortSC Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 175: Grassy Woodland - Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Verbascum virgatum Twiggy Mullein high highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high lowLH Dianthus armeria Deptford Pink high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Trifolium campestre var. campestre Hop Clover high highMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Veronica arvensis Wall Speedwell high lowMH Trifolium arvense var. arvense Hare's-foot Clover high highMH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high highSH Trifolium repens var. repens White Clover high highMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high high



Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 192: Montane Rocky Shrubland

Description:Treeless or sparsely treed shrubland of rocky alpine peaks greater than 1000m above sea level which are subject to low cloudcover and snowfall during winter. When present, trees are often stunted and low-growing and may form part of the dominantshrub layer.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 8 40% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 5 5% LHMedium Herb 7 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 3 5% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain PepperMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Leucopogon gelidus Drooping Beard-heathMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Rubus parvifolius Small-leaf BramblePS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselLH Arthropodium milleflorum s.l. Pale Vanilla-lilyLH Derwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellLH Senecio gunnii Mountain FireweedMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Craspedia glauca spp. agg. Common Billy-buttonsMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidLTG Deyeuxia frigida Forest Bent-grassLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Luzula meridionalis Common WoodrushMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Common WoodrushMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum penna-marina ssp. alpina Alpine Water-fernGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 192: Montane Rocky Shrubland - Victorian Alps bioregion



Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high low



Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 201: Shrubby Wet Forest

Description:Tall eucalypt forest to 30 m tall with scattered understorey trees over a tall broad-leaved shrubby understorey and a moist,shaded, fern-rich ground layer that is usually dominated by tree-ferns. Herbs may also be abundant where light penetrates theground layer.



Eucalyptus croajingolensis Gippsland Peppermint Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate Stringybark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 20% TMedium Shrub 7 25% MSSmall Shrub 3 10% SSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name T Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Daviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-peaMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Ozothamnus thyrsoideus Sticky EverlastingSS Olearia megalophylla Large-leaf Daisy-bushSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselLH Derwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellLH Arthropodium milleflorum s.l. Pale Vanilla-lilyMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaSH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelLTG Lomandra longifolia ssp. exilis Cluster-headed Mat-rushLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Common WoodrushMTG Deyeuxia monticola var. monticola Mountain Bent-grassMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fern







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 201: Shrubby Wet Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high low



Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 206: Sub-alpine Grassland

Description:Occurs primarily in areas at altitudes of around 1200 m above sea level. Structurally and floristically this EVC is dominated bygrasses. Any shrubs present tend to be small and cryptic. The fertile and highly organic soils which are generally derived fromgranodiorite provide a suitable substrate for a lush cover of grasses and herbs, many specific to montane/sub-alpineenvironments. Snow persists for several months over winter. Species richness is low, indicative of the harsh environment.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 1 5% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 11 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Baeckea gunniana Alpine BaeckeaSS Grevillea australis Alpine GrevilleaSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Hovea montana Alpine Rusty-podsPS Pimelea alpina Alpine Rice-flowerMH Asperula gunnii Mountain WoodruffMH Celmisia asteliifolia spp. agg. Silver DaisyMH Leptorhynchos squamatus Scaly ButtonsMH Craspedia glauca spp. agg. Common Billy-buttonsSH Scleranthus biflorus s.l. Twin-flower KnawelSH Gonocarpus micranthus ssp. micranthus Creeping RaspwortSH Cotula alpina Alpine CotulaMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeMTG Poa fawcettiae Horny Snow-grassMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Poa costiniana Bog Snow-grassMNG Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-rush


Organic Litter:10% Cover

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowSH Trifolium repens var. repens White Clover high high







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 206: Sub-alpine Grassland - Victorian Alps bioregion



Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 210: Sub-alpine Wet Heathland

Description:Virtually treeless and characterised by a dense layer of low heathy shrubs to 2 m tall, with a number of sedges and rushes inthe understorey. Occurs at elevations above 1000 m, in soaks or along small streams. Rainfall is generally greater than 1000mm per annum, and during winter, this EVC can tolerate long periods of snow cover and low temperature. Deep, peaty,sodden soils are usually covered by a layer of sphagnum moss.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 4 15% MSSmall Shrub 3 10% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 15% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 40% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Epacris paludosa Swamp HeathMS Baeckea gunniana Alpine BaeckeaMS Callistemon pityoides Alpine BottlebrushMS Baeckea utilis s.l. Mountain BaeckeaSS Richea continentis Candle HeathSS Olearia algida Mountain Daisy-bushLH Epilobium gunnianum Gunn's Willow-herbMH Astelia alpina var. novae-hollandiae Silver AsteliaMH Gentianella diemensis s.l. Mountain GentianMH Asperula gunnii Mountain WoodruffMH Celmisia asteliifolia spp. agg. Silver DaisySH Nertera granadensis Matted NerteraSH Oreobolus distichus Fan Tuft-rushSH Gonocarpus micranthus ssp. micranthus Creeping RaspwortLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Carpha nivicola Broad-leaf Flower-rushMTG Isolepis aucklandica New Zealand Club-sedgeMTG Poa hiemata Soft Snow-grassMNG Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-rushGF Lycopodium fastigiatum Mountain ClubmossGF Blechnum penna-marina ssp. alpina Alpine Water-fern


Organic Litter:10% cover








www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 210: Sub-alpine Wet Heathland - Victorian Alps bioregion



Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 316: Shrubby Damp Forest

Description:Grows in gullies and on protected slopes on relatively skeletal but fertile sedimentary soils. Occurs at elevations of around500 m above sea level and receives a low to moderate annual rainfall of approximately 750 mm. The overstorey includes avariety of Eucalypt species to 25 m tall. Silver Wattle is a common understorey tree. The dense mid stratum is comprised ofmedium to large shrubs characteristic of both drier and damper environments. The ground layer has a sparse cover of grassesand herbs, and commonly includes Austral Bracken.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate Stringybark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 4 20% TMedium Shrub 8 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 10% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 4 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 2 15% GFTree Fern 1 1% TRFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 316: Shrubby Damp Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Pomaderris aspera Hazel PomaderrisT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Olearia lirata Snowy Daisy-bushSS Olearia megalophylla Large-leaf Daisy-bushLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Austrodanthonia pilosa Velvet Wallaby-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high low



Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 319: Montane Herb-rich Woodland

Description:Occurs on southern and eastern-facing slopes or in protected gullies at elevations of around 1000 m above sea level, andreceives a high rainfall of almost 1110 mm per annum. It is subject to cold air drainage, which influences the species mix. Amixture of eucalypts to 25 m tall forms the overstorey, with Silver Wattle abundant below. The shrub layer is neither diversenor dense. The ground layer carries a diversity of herbs, graminoids and grasses. Climbers are commonly present.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Narrow-leaf Peppermint

Eucalyptus delegatensis ssp. delegatensis Alpine Ash

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 6 15% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 5 10% LHMedium Herb 12 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 8 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 3 10% GFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL







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EVC 319: Montane Herb-rich Woodland - Victorian Alps bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Notelaea ligustrina Privet Mock-oliveMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Prickly Bush-peaMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Exocarpos strictus Pale-fruit BallartSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellLH Epilobium billardierianum Variable Willow-herbLH Picris angustifolia Native PicrisLH Derwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellMH Ranunculus plebeius s.l. Forest/Hairy ButtercupMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Asperula scoparia Prickly WoodruffMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Matted PratiaSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaSH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelLTG Poa helmsii Tall Mountain Tussock-grassLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMNG Echinopogon ovatus Common Hedgehog-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernSC Glycine clandestina Twining GlycineSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowSH Trifolium repens var. repens White Clover high low

evc/bioregion benchmark for vegetation quality assessment · evc/bioregion benchmark for vegetation...

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