Evaluation of lower/middle tropospheric ozone from air quality

models using TES and ozonesondes

Greg Osterman, Jessica Neu, Annmarie Eldering, Jeff McQueen, Youhua Tang, Rob Pinder

Air Quality Applied Sciences Team 3rd Meeting

June 13, 2012

© 2012, California Institute of Technology, Government Sponsorship Acknowledged

Investigators

∗ Annmarie Eldering (PI, JPL), Jessica Neu (JPL) Greg Osterman (JPL)

∗ Jeff McQueen, Youhua Tang (NOAA/NWS) ∗ Rob Pinder (EPA)

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Project Objectives ∗ Evaluation of ozone, carbon monoxide

and other key fields from the EPA CMAQ and NOAA National Air Quality Forecast Capability (NAQFC) in the middle/lower troposphere using satellite data

∗ Characterize nighttime ozone aloft using satellite data and ozonesondes

∗ Evaluate the ability of the air quality models to capture nighttime ozone aloft and possible relationship to air quality events

∗ Case Studies: Analyze a set of air quality events and determine if there is a relationship to nighttime ozone aloft

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Data and Models

∗ Models: ∗ NAQFC Forecast ∗ EPA CMAQ 4.7.1 ∗ Time Periods – July/August 2006, 2008, 2009

∗ Evaluation Data Sets: ∗ Satellite data from TES (O3, CO, TATM, H2O), and OMI

(O3, NO2) ∗ Ozonesondes ∗ Surface monitors

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Launched 2004.07.15

TES Measures in Nadir Mode (~01:30 AM/PM Local Time): • Ozone • Carbon Monoxide • Water Vapor and HDO • Ammonia • Methane and Carbon Dioxide • Surface Temperature (Sea Surface Temperature)

TES on EOS-Aura

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Step & Stare footprints 45 km apart Special observation

Global Survey footprints 180 km apart

Transect footprints 12 km apart Special observation

TES Footprint 5 x 8 km

TES Nadir Coverage

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TES Observations – Aug 28-29, 2006

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Profile Comparison: Daytime on Aug 29, 2006

Huntsville, AL

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TES vs EPA CMAQ O3 – Aug 28-29, 2006

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TES Observations – Aug 16-17, 2006

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TES O3 Observations – Aug 16-17, 2006

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EPA CMAQ Curtains – Aug 16-17, 2006

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CMAQ, TES Difference: Aug 16-17, 2006

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∗ TES, CMAQ matches are nearest in time, latitude and longitude

∗ Model interpolated to TES pressure grid and observation operator (averaging kernel) is applied

∗ Only TES data that passes the master quality flag is used ∗ Pressure < 160 hPa ∗ Diagonal of averaging kernel > 0.08

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PDFs

TES, NOAA/NWS AQ Forecast Comparisons

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• Forecast model using forecast meteorology

• Older, static boundary conditions

• Will repeat using more recent dates

TES, EPA CMAQ Comparisons

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CMAQ-TES Difference – Aug 2006

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• Model is low compared to TES

• Most TES obs between 500-800 hPa

CMAQ-TES Difference vs Latitude

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Different Latitudes

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- Agreement is better between 30-40 N - Sensitivity at lower pressure levels between 30-40N

Clean vs Polluted Cases

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- Agreement better in polluted cases

Polluted vs Pressure

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Nighttime

- Most observations in the middle troposphere - Still see bias between model and TES, but lower at

peak TES sensitivity 22

∗ Status: ∗ Initial set of CMAQ, TES and sonde comparisons have been

completed ∗ Developed method of visualizing the comparisons ∗ Completed preliminary evaluation of aggregated model results using

TES for August 2006

∗ Next Steps: ∗ Continue comparison of August 2006 model results to ozonesondes ∗ Incorporate surface monitor data into comparisons ∗ Repeat analysis for other seasons, years ∗ Focus on nighttime ozone comparisons and identify case study

opportunities

Status & Next Steps

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Extra

TES O3 Observations – Aug 28-29, 2006

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EPA CMAQ Curtains – Aug 28-29, 2006

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CMAQ, TES Difference: Aug 28-29, 2006

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TES

Launched 2004.07.15

TES on EOS-Aura

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Air Quality Model Evaluation using TES

Elevated CO and O3 over SE Texas observed from TES on Aug 23, 2006

TES O3 TES CO

• TES resolves peaks in middle and lower tropospheric O3 and CO over East Texas

• Used to identify high ozone in middle troposphere • Assimilated (along with OMI and MLS data) into RAQMS 32

AIRS & TES CO – August 23, 2006

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Aug 23, 2011

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Aug 23, 2011

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TES Step & Stare - 4911

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TES Step & Stare - 4911

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Surface Ozone near Longview - Aug 23, 2006

Surface Monitor

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Ozone Profile near Longview, TX - Aug 23, 2006

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TES

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TES Step & Stare - 4911

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TES Step & Stare - 4911

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Surface Ozone near Beaumont- Aug 23, 2006

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Ozone Profile near Beaumont, TX - Aug 23, 2006

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Ozone over the Gulf of Mexico, TX - Aug 23, 2006

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Ozone at Max TES Sensitivity - Aug 23, 2006

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Pressure of Max TES Sensitivity - Aug 23, 2006

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TES Observations of Nighttime Ozone

Measurement Sensitivity

Day Night

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TES Observations of Nighttime Ozone

• June 2009 – Transect Special Observations

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TES Observations of Nighttime Ozone

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Wrap Up

∗ Just getting started … ∗ Model outputs received – July and August 2006 from EPA and

NOAA/NWS ∗ Beginning day time comparisons with TES and ozonesondes ∗ Systematic comparisons to models (daytime and nighttime) ∗ Select nighttime case studies

∗ First phase of INTEX-B (Feb-Mar 2006) ∗ SHARP campaign (Spring 2009) ∗ Global Surveys

∗ Use of TES+ OMI retrievals? ∗ Acknowledgements ∗ Aura 2010 Project Investigators ∗ Dejian Fu and Entire TES team

∗ Thank you!

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Extra

O3 in the Houston area on the morning of June 7 was in the range of 30-40.

TES Observations of Nighttime Ozone

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Model Evaluation using TES Tropospheric O3

Looked at mean of TES profiles for July in three areas:

• Northern CA/NV and Southern Oregon • Southern CA Desert • Pacific off CA Coast

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Must take into account vertical sensitivity of TES measurements when comparing profiles to the model

Model Evaluation using TES Tropospheric O3

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Evaluation: Ocean

• TES Step & Stare observation July 18, 2006 • TES data used with models can provide

information on transport of data across the Pacific 53

Ocean

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• TES shows lower tropospheric ozone than the model in the lower troposphere (5-15 ppb)

• Good comparison in the upper troposphere

Ocean

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Evaluation: Northern California

∗ TES shows reasonable comparison with model throughout the troposphere

∗ Surface monitor data higher than CMAQ for month at Lassen and Yreka

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Evaluation: Southern California Desert

∗ TES shows higher tropospheric ozone than the model in the lower troposphere (15-20 ppb)

∗ Good comparison in the upper troposphere ∗ Surface monitor data higher than CMAQ for month at Death

Valley, Palm Springs and Joshua Tree 57

∗ Preliminary Result – CAMx model higher than TES in lower troposphere

Evaluation of CAMx Ozone in Free Troposphere

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New: TES + OMI

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Measurement Sensitivity

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