Evaluation of Last-Mile Hazard Warning Information & Communication Technology Hardware and Software Systems Peter Anderson Simon Fraser University Vancouver, CANADA HIH Training HIH Monitors and authorized users Receiving an Event of Interest (EOI); Confirming the EOIs with a Sarvodaya Executive; Constructing a CAP Message (including translation); Relaying the CAP message to HazInfo ICT devices in designated communities. 35 Observed Challenges 40 Network Connections Network Congestion Text Language Support Sinhala Tamil English Audio Language Support ManualManual - return Manual return Local FM radio Automatic Observations/Conclusions Community simulations demonstrate that all 5 ICTs can be incorporated into the communities, but Observations/Conclusions An effective system must first include: development of the necessary human capacity -HIH-Monitors, ICT Guardians, and ERP Coordinators proper local risk management public education to supplement the deficiencies of an end-to-end fully- automatic early warning system. simulated drills conducted regularly