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EV Charging infrastructureChallenges in the Charging IndustryMEE Budapest / Hungary – Main Session

September 5 th , 2012 / Steven Dorresteijn, PG EVCI

© ABB GroupSeptember 10, 2012 | Slide 2

Contact information

Steven DorresteijnSales Manager Europe

ABB B.V.Product Group EV Charging InfrastructureHigh Tech Campus 5

5656 AE Eindhoven

The NetherlandsM: +31 6 2342 7031E: [email protected]: http://www.abb.com/evcharging


Content

Introduction Organization / Scope / References

The Car market Car availability / “Battle of the standards”

Market segments Different use case / Charging Products

Making money Where are we now / Optimal infrastructures

Connectivity is Key Cloud based / Open standards

Challenges in the Charging Industry


IntroductionOrganization, scope, references


Why ABB?Solutions for the whole EV charging value chain

AC Chargers

� AC charger range

Charging Network Software Services

� Galaxy services

Grid Automation

� SCADA & Ventyx

Building Automation

� KNX, energy mngt.

DC Fast Chargers

� Terra systems

Components

� DIN rail & distribution boards

Power Quality

� PQF, PCS100

Renewable Integration

� HVDC, solar, wind

Substations

� Power systems

ABB’s future-proof solutions will work together seamlessly throughout the

whole value chain

Energy storage

� B.E.S.S.


ABB DC fast charge installationsProven technology in the field since May 2010

� Actual:Germany, Norway, The Netherlands, UK, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, Austria, France, Czech, Estonia, Turkey, Hungary, Italy, Hong Kong, Chile, China, USA, Taiwan, Slovenia, South Africa, Belgium

� Expected soon:Singapore, Slovakia


Project Estonia: Country wide networkABB awarded Europe’s largest EV infrastructure project

� ABB awarded Europe’s largest ever EV infrastructure deployment

� Nationwide network: every main road in Estonia will have a fast charger approximately every 50 km

� Completed in Q4, 2012

200 DC + AC combined fast chargers

507 AC chargers at office locationsTurnkey project & network services

Payment systems

�Membership model, RFiD

�SMS payments

�Smartphone payments

�Automated acces via phone

�E-wallet payments


1st DC Fast Charger installed in Wk 24Project Estonia: country wide network


ViteaMobility: network of 50 DC chargers in Belgium

� Installations at restaurants, diners, meeting centers and shopping malls throughout Belgium

� Offering convenient 30-120 minute fast charge times at retail locations

� Power level of 20kW fits the available grid connection capacity at these locations

ABB’s Terra Smart Connect ideal for the business case


The MarketCar availability & Battle of the standards

RenaultKangoo ZE

FordConnect

MercedesVito E-cell

PeugeotiOn

Citroën C-Zero

Tesla Roadster

Think CityOnly AC slow charging(3 kW)

AC semi-fast charging(6 – 10 kW)

AC semi-fastcharging(22 kW)

DC fast charging (50 kW)

2012On the roads 2013 2014

Tesla Model S

RenaultFluence ZE

FordFocus Electric

RenaultZoe ZE

VolkswagenGolf blue e-motion

ToyotaiQ EV

VolvoC30 Electric

RenaultKangoo ZE

NissanLeaf

Mitsubishii-MiEV

Volkswagene-UP!

Smart EDRenaultTwizy

Smart ED (option)

BMWi3

RenaultFluence ZE

Nissane-NV200

The landscape of BEV’s and (fast) charge capabilities in Europe in the next years

22 kW AC

Combo / 50 kW DCCHAdeMO / 50kW DC


Carmaker support for various fast refill optionsIt is becoming clear that the majority of OEMs support DC fast charge

Supporting AC fast charge

Supporting DC fast charge &

AC slow (3,3kW)

ABB is following the OEM Fast Charging standardsCHAdeMO / 22 kW AC / Combo 2

2010CHAdeMO

Q3 201222 kW AC

Mid 2013Combo 2


ABB shows live functional Combo DC Fast ChargingEVS26, Los Angeles

ABB demonstrated a live functional SAE/Combo DC charging system at EVS26, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Charging a BMW Active-E electric car within 30 minutes 50kW charging power via the new SAE / Combo-1 connection

Communication via PLC according toSAE/ISO15118 standard


BEV’s in 3 years cheaper than combustion cars ?

� Elektrische auto’s zijn binnen drie jaar goedkoper dan brandstof auto’s. Dit meldt het Duitse autoconcern Volkswagen. De snel dalende prijs van accu’s is volgens het bedrijf de belangrijkste reden.

� “Wij rekenen erop dat de kosten per kilowattuur aan capaciteit van lithium-ion accu’s snel zal dalen naar een omvang van ongeveer 100 euro. Deze grens zal in 2015 of op z’n laatst kort daarna bereikt worden,” aldus Rudolf Krebs, chef van de Volkswagen afdeling die elektrische auto’s produceert.

� De prijs van €100 per kilowattuur geldt als de grens waarbij elektrische auto’s goedkoper zijn dan hun benzine of diesel tegenhanger, waarbij rekening gehouden wordt met aanschaf en gebruik.

� Op dit moment ligt de prijs voor een accu pakket op 500 euro per kilowattuur. Voor een batterijpakket van 26,5 kilowattuur bij de Volkswagen Golf Blue e-motion betaal je dan zo’n €13.250. Bij €100 per kilowattuur zakt de prijs voor hetzelfde pakket naar € 2.650.

� De voorspelling van Krebs is een stuk optimistischer dan eerdere ramingen van de automobielindustrie. Volgens andere concerns duurt het zeker nog vijf jaar langer voordat accu’s de grens van € 100 per kilowattuur bereikt hebben.

� Bron: Produktion.de (via ZERauto en petrochem.nl)

Volkswagen prediction


Market segmentation & Charging ProductsEV Charging Infrastructure


Use cases in electric vehicle chargingDifferent solutions for each specific use case

Highway

� DC fast charging

� 15-30 minutes

Office

� AC & DC charging

� 30-120 min. (fast)

� 8 hours (workday)

Commercial

� DC & AC charging

� 30-120 min.

Home


� 8 hours (overnight)

� 2 hours (top-off)


Use cases in electric vehicle chargingABB products for the highway use case

Highway


� 15-30 minutes

Office


� 30-120 min. (fast)


Commercial


� 30-120 min.

Home





Highway segmentA solution for any use case

Terra 100.2Dual DCHighway Charger

• 2x 50kW DC

• 15-30 min.

Terra 52DC + AC Highway Charger

� 50kW DC + 22kW AC

� 15-30 min.

Terra 51DCHighway Charger

� 50kW DC

� 15-30 min.


Use cases in electric vehicle chargingABB products for the commercial and office use case

Highway


� 15-30 minutes

Office


� 30-120 min. (fast)


Commercial


� 30-120 min.

Home





Commercial and Office segmentA solution for any use case

Terra SC DuoDC + AC Commercial Charger

� 20kW DC + 22kW AC

� 30-120 min.

NEWNEW

Terra SCDCCommercial Charger

� 20kW DC

� 30-120 min.

Terra SC with AC optionDC + ACCommercial Charger

� 20kW DC + 2x 3.7kW AC

� 30-120 min (+6-8 hrs)


Use cases in electric vehicle chargingDifferent solutions for each specific use case

Highway


� 15-30 minutes

Office


� 30-120 min. (fast)


Commercial


� 30-120 min.

Home





Commercial and Office SegmentA solution for any use case

AC Charge Pole

� 3-10 kW

� 4-8 h. use case

AC Wall-box

� 3-6 kW

� 4-8 h. use case

WORKINGON….

WORKINGON….


Overview of all productsA solution for any use case

High way segment

Commercial & Office segment Commercial & Office segment(AC-only)


Making moneyWhere are we now / Optimal charging infrastructures


Why invest in DC fast chargers?The business case based on real life data from the field

Charger #1

� Start: 0,3 sessions/ day

� Q1 2012: 4 sessions / day

Business case: DC fast chargers in the Netherlands

� Network of 23 DC Fast chargers installed in 2011

� In total 550 DC fast chargeable CHAdeMO cars on road in 2011

Charger #2

� Start: 1 session / day

� Q1 2012: 8 sessions / day

Charger Sessions per day

jan. 2012

Price per session to consumer

Revenue/ year Profit/year

#1 4 €6 € 8.760 € 5.840

#2 8 €6 € 17.520 € 11.680

Operators charge €6 per session, the electricity cost of a session is approximately €2

ConclusionWith only 550 cars in the

country you can already make an attractive case with around

3-4 years return on investment

ConclusionWith only 550 cars in the

country you can already make an attractive case with around

3-4 years return on investment


How to go about public charging infrastructure?All stakeholders push for capital efficiency & smart roll-out

Governments:“We have to spend tax-payers money wisely, especially

today”

Businesses:“A cost-effective

approach will speed up commercial viability”

Consumers: “We need

infrastructure at the right locations and with affordable tariffs”

???Capital efficiency & smart roll-out is key for

all stakeholders !


The use case and habitat of various chargersEach location & solution has a typical service capacity

Office & home charger Highway fast charger

Service capacity of charger mainly dependant on

location

Service capacity of charger is mainly dependant on speed of the charger

Public curbside charger Retail & commercial fast charger

Service capacity of charger mainly dependant on

location

Service capacity of charger dependant on type of

location and charger speed

Realistic service capacity:

1 vehicle / day


12 vehicles / day


2 vehicles / day


5 vehicles / day


The use case and habitat of various chargersEach infrastructure solution has it’s own parameters

AC wallbox (office / home) Fast charger 50kW (highway)

• Typical cost level including installation: € 1.500• Charge time :4-8 h.• Realistic service capability: 1 vehicle/day

• Typical cost level including installation: € 35.000• Charge time: 15-30 min.• Realistic service capability: 12 vehicles/day

AC charge pole (public) Fast charger 20 kW (retail /commercial)

•Typical cost level including installation: € 8.000• Charge time :4-8 h.• Realistic service capability: 2 vehicles/day

•Typical cost level including installation: € 14.000• Charge time: 30-120 min.• Realistic service capability: 5 vehicles/day

Often located at high cost parking space


How to go about public charging infrastructure?The majority of mainstream cars will have only 3,3kW AC capability

Car Market introduction AC regular charge capability(limited by onboard charger)

Fast charge / re-fill capability

Nissan Leaf 2011 3,3 kW DC, 0-50 kW

Nissan e-NV200 2014 3,3 kW DC, 0-50 kW

Mitsubishi iMiev 2011 3,3 kW DC, 0-50 kW

Peugeot iOn 2011 3,3 kW DC, 0-50 kW

Citroen C-Zero 2011 3,3 kW DC, 0-50 kW

Opel/ Vauxhall Ampera

1H 2012 3,3 kW Gasoline (combustion engine)

Toyota plug-in prius 1H 2012 3,3 kW Gasoline (combustion engine)

Toyota IQ-EV 2013 3,3kW DC, 0-50 kW

Volvo V60 plug-in 2013 3,3kW Gasoline (combustion engine)

Renault Fluence 1H 2012 3,3kW None

Renault Kangoo 1H 2012 3,3kW , 0-43kW from 2013 0-43kW from 2013, AC

Renault Zoe 2H 2012 0-43kW 0- 43kW, AC

BMW i3 2013 3,3kW DC, >50 kW

BMW i8 2014 3,3kW Gasoline (combustion engine)

VW E-up 2013 3,3kW DC, >50 kW

VW E-golf 2013 3,3kW DC, >50 kW

Audi E-tron 2013 3,3 kW DC, >50 kW


The 22kW AC charge pole concept is a strange animalOffering different charge speed depending on car type

22 kW AC public charge pole

offers1 hour charging time

Offers 6-8 hours charging time

The cost of the charge pole and especially the required grid connection is determined to very large extent by the 22 kW specification

This additional cost seems only to the benefit of 1 type of car

All other EV cars


The 22kW AC charge pole mixes up two use casesA non-discriminating set-up improves cost and user satisfaction

This set-up is non-discriminating with respect to car type and charging speed which will lead to smarter investment and a clear expectancy patterns by the users

3,3 kW AC charge pole or

wallbox

20 kW AC & DC combined charger

22 kW AC public charge pole

1 hour charging time

6-8 hours charging time

Equal support for all cars


Example of capital efficiency calculationsScenario 1: Enabling a city (Brussels) for 500 EV’s

Solution 1: � Installing 150 public AC charge poles can support 500 EV’s in the region


Example of capital efficiency calculationsScenario 2: Enabling a city (Brussels) for 500 EV’s

Solution 2: � Installing 5 high speed fast chargers at the city ring� Installing 30 pieces of combined AC&DC 20 kW fast chargers at the cities most attractive commercial and retail locations� Installing 100 AC wallbox 3,3 kW chargers at corporate offices across the city � This infrastructure can support 500 EV’s as well


Example of capital efficiency calculationsConclusion: Scenario 2 is 35% more capital efficient


3 checks for capital efficient infrastructure deploymentAvoiding over-investment and low user satisfaction

1. Check the use case

2. Check car compatibility requirements

3. Validate capital efficiency of investment

Offer the right charging speed at the right location

Implementation plan

Which car types should be supported at this

location?

Is the cost/benefit equation ok?

?


Connectivity is KeyManage, monitor and connect to your business


We believe that connectivity is key in this marketBack-office / Payment systems / Customer Services / …


Connectivity offers a different way of doing business


Authorization/billingAuthorization/billing Dynamic powerDynamic powerReservationReservation AvailabilityAvailability

Connectivity is also an enabler in the EV-market

Delftweg 65, RijswijkOpenings hours: 24/7

Delftweg 65, RijswijkOpenings hours: 24/7

These services require connectivity with your charg er!These services require connectivity with your charg er!

E-invoice


Data ArchitectureDesigned for reliability and security

API (Application Program Interface)Connection to Back Office systems etc.API (Application Program Interface)Connection to Back Office systems etc.

Galaxy (Online Management Tool)Web based interface to access real-time status information and usage statisticsGalaxy (Online Management Tool)Web based interface to access real-time status information and usage statistics


Different payment methods for DC fast chargersHow to handle the challenge

Fact:Payment amounts are relatively small

(a few Euro’s) Let’s call them “ Micro-payments”

The challenge:How to make money with

charging, while investing in a charging infrastructure,

back-office systems, and integration efforts to connect

both?

Question:Can you afford to invest in expensive back-office

solutions, dedicated, tailor-made, and time &

money consuming integration efforts?

Solution:

Cloud-based computing

Standardizationof integration


Why we offer it via the Cloud

Instantly active

� No hardware investment

� No software installation

� Operational by activation

Secure

� Secure connections (HTTPS)

� Secure data center (ISO27001)

� Performance monitoring by the NOC

Easy

� Benefit from latest developments

� Enables a short TTM

� No supplier lock-in

Open standards

� Access to your data

� Internet based

� Support OCPP protocol


Why we offer it via the Cloud

Source: SFDC


Many different payment models will be implementedWe need standards and open interfaces

Main priorities:• Create standardized

interfaces short-term

• Interoperability

• Based on open protocols

• Vendor independent, no lock-in mechanisms

• No license fees

• No long and too complicated integration projects

B2C

B2B

open interface

open

inte

rfac

e

many more....


It is all about making your business workWe are looking forward to empowering you!

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