eustress distress seminario volare sicuri - trento4.pdf•good sleep hygiene •preventive naps...

STRESSSTRESS

DISTRESSDISTRESSEUSTRESSEUSTRESS

Museo Caproni, aerop. Trento 28/3/'15 Gen. Div. Aerea (a) Carlo Landi

Stress and performance relationshipStress and performance relationship

Yerkes e Dodson, 1908 Yerkes e Dodson, 1908


Stress and performance relationshipStress and performance relationship

Individual zone of optimal functioningIndividual zone of optimal functioning(Hanin e Spielberger, 1983)(Hanin e Spielberger, 1983)


Source of threatSource of threat

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)Selye, Selye, Journal of Allergy, 1946

Real or perceived Real or perceived threatthreat

STRESSSTRESS

STRESSORSTRESSOR


SelyeSelyeStress:Stress: risposta a una minacciarisposta a una minaccia

Stressor:Stressor: la causa della minacciala causa della minaccia }General Adaptation SyndromeGeneral Adaptation Syndrome

WARNINGWARNING ENDURANCEENDURANCE EXHAUSTION


GASGAS

Adaptation researchAdaptation research

EnergyEnergydeficitdeficit

Step 1Step 1WarningWarning

Step 2Step 2EnduranceEndurance

Step 3Step 3ExhaustionExhaustion

Release of Release of hormones hormones (adrenal (adrenal medulla)medulla)

EpinephrineEpinephrine Release of Release of hormoneshormones

(adrenal cortex)(adrenal cortex)CORTISOLCORTISOL

NervousNervousbreakdownbreakdown

Organism Organism preparationpreparation

energy deficit


DEFENCE RESPONSESDEFENCE RESPONSES

FREEZINGFREEZING

ATTACKATTACK ESCAPEESCAPE


DISSOCIATIONDISSOCIATION

EMOTIONEMOTION FEELINGFEELING


DISSOCIATIONDISSOCIATION

MIN

DM

IND

BO

DY

BO

DY


Any environmental event is a powerful Any environmental event is a powerful stressor, but no event can be considered a stressor, but no event can be considered a stressor outside of its assessment by the stressor outside of its assessment by the

personperson

What might be the sources of stress?What might be the sources of stress?

Lazarus, 1986Lazarus, 1986


Stress and performance:Stress and performance:Individual characteristicsIndividual characteristics


Job stressKarasek (1990)


Stress effectsStress effects

PhysicalPhysicalBehaviouralBehaviouralEmotionalEmotional

SymptomsSymptoms

Negative Negative moodmood

PoorPoorhealthhealth

ImpairedImpairedperformanceperformance


What do you see?What do you see?

Attention and perceptual processesAttention and perceptual processes

looks right:looks right:RABBITRABBIT

looks left:looks left:DUCKDUCK


Sustained operationsSustained operations FatigueFatigue Desincronization of biological rhythmsDesincronization of biological rhythms High automated fly proceduresHigh automated fly procedures Perceptual saturationPerceptual saturationPerformance monotonyPerformance monotony High distress levels (above all in military operations)High distress levels (above all in military operations)

MainMain humanhuman factorsfactors inin aircraftaircraft pilot’spilot’s accidentsaccidents


Stress combat

# FM 22-51 LEADERS' MANUAL FOR COMBAT STRESS CONTROL, 29 September 1994# War Psychiatry Textbook of Military Medicine


• Good sleep hygiene• Preventive naps• Optimizing circadian

adjustment• Fatigue management

education

Alertness managementAlertness managementBehaviour managementBehaviour management

• Self-administration technique training

• Coping and problem solving strategies training

• Emotional regulation promotion

Stress management strategiesStress management strategies

Mingarelli et al., 2006Mingarelli et al., 2006

Casagrande,2002; RTO LECTURE SERIES 223. Casagrande,2002; RTO LECTURE SERIES 223. Sleep/Wakefulness Management in Sleep/Wakefulness Management in Continuous/Sustained Operations. Continuous/Sustained Operations.


Hawthorne effectHawthorne effectChicago, 1920 – Western Eletric Company

Brightness

High Low

Productivity increaseProductivity increase

Human factor relevanceHuman factor relevance

Productivity increaseProductivity increase


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