europeans build empires in south & southeast asia

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Europeans Build Empires in South & Southeast Asia Portugal, Netherlands & Spain

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Europeans Build Empires in South & Southeast Asia. Portugal, Netherlands & Spain. Portugal. First European power to gain a foothold in Asia Do you remember who was there 1 st ? Ships were small & fast Superior firepower helped to win control of the Indian Ocean spice trade. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Europeans Build Empires in South & Southeast Asia

Europeans Build Empires in South & Southeast Asia

Portugal, Netherlands & Spain

Page 2: Europeans Build Empires in South & Southeast Asia

Portugal

• First European power to gain a foothold in Asia• Do you remember who was there 1st?

• Ships were small & fast

• Superior firepower helped to win control of the Indian Ocean spice trade

Page 3: Europeans Build Empires in South & Southeast Asia

Building an Empire in the East

• Afonso de Albuquerque – Portuguese commander in India

• Mughal Empire controlled most of India• Local princes in southern regions

• The Plan• Manipulate the princes• Remove the Mughal• Make Indian Ocean a “Portuguese Lake”

Page 4: Europeans Build Empires in South & Southeast Asia
Page 5: Europeans Build Empires in South & Southeast Asia

Portuguese Trading Outposts• 1510 – seized island of Goa• Military & trading base

• Burned coastal towns & crushed Arab fleets

• 1511 – seized port of Malacca• Massacred Muslims

• Portugal had built a trade empire in less than 50 years• Used these cities as outposts to resupply & repair ships• Controlled spice trade between Europe & Asia

Page 6: Europeans Build Empires in South & Southeast Asia

Not So Fast!!• A lack of resources and a great

deal of resistance prevented Portugal from completely controlling the area

• Attacked Muslims & Hindus in an attempt to convert them to Christianity

• The Dutch would then compete for Asian trade

Page 7: Europeans Build Empires in South & Southeast Asia

Here come the Dutch!

• 1599 – ships returns from Asia• Pepper, cloves, spices

• Netherlands soon became a leader in European trade

• Settlement in Cape Town (South Africa) led the way to the east

Page 8: Europeans Build Empires in South & Southeast Asia

Dutch East India Company• Formed in 1602 by wealthy Dutch merchants

• No government control – DEIC dominates the region• Builds armies wages war on natives• Negotiates treaties• Governs territories

Page 9: Europeans Build Empires in South & Southeast Asia

Why was the VOC this powerful?

Page 10: Europeans Build Empires in South & Southeast Asia

Dutch Dominance• 1641 – Captured

Malacca from Portugal• Monopolized the

Spice Islands• Used military force

but kept close ties with local rulers

• 1700s – Dutch trade empire on the decline• Maintained empire

until 1948

Page 11: Europeans Build Empires in South & Southeast Asia

Spain gets in the mix

• Magellan had claimed Philippines for Spain in 1521• Would conquer and colonize • Named after King Philip II

• Tried to convert Filipinos to Christianity• Shipped silver from Americas to

Philippines to trade with China

Page 12: Europeans Build Empires in South & Southeast Asia

An end to the Mughal• Began in 1520s

• Europeans amazed by the luxury items• Spices, textiles, silk and cotton

• Granted trading rights to Europeans

• Empire weakened over time (civil war, corruption, death of powerful rulers)

• England and France built competing companies & fought for power

• Mid 1700s – British East India Company forces out the French• England soon rules India directly

Page 13: Europeans Build Empires in South & Southeast Asia
Page 14: Europeans Build Empires in South & Southeast Asia

Answer these… Welcome!! ;-)• How did European nations build empires in South and

Southeast Asia? (process)

• Why would the Portuguese not attempt to conquer inland territory?

• What about the location of the Philippines made them valuable to the Spanish?

• Mughal Empire would grant trade rights to several European countries. What does that say about the power of those countries?