European Wars Fought in the ColoniesEuropean Wars Fought in the Colonies

DateDate European WarEuropean War Colonial Name Colonial Name

1689 -16971689 -1697 War of the League of AugsburgWar of the League of Augsburg King William’s War King William’s War

1702 – 17131702 – 1713 War of Spanish SuccessionWar of Spanish Succession Queen Anne’s War Queen Anne’s War

1740 -17481740 -1748 War of the Austrian Succession War of the Austrian Succession King George’s WarKing George’s War

1754 – 17631754 – 1763 Seven Years War (9 yrs.?)Seven Years War (9 yrs.?) FRENCH AND INDIAN WARFRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

North America in North America in 17501750

North America in North America in 17501750

BritishBritish FrenchFrench Fort Necessity Fort DuquesneFort Necessity Fort Duquesne ** George Washington George Washington ** Delaware & Delaware & ShawneeShawnee Indians Indians

The The Ohio ValleyOhio Valley

1754 1754 The First The First ClashClash

1754 1754 The First The First ClashClash

Ben Franklin Ben Franklin representatives from New England, NY, representatives from New England, NY, MD, PA MD, PA call for colonial unity to squelch frontier to squelch frontier violence violence FAILS!FAILS!

Albany CongressAlbany Congress Iroquois broke off relations with Iroquois broke off relations with Britain & threatened trade with the French.Britain & threatened trade with the French.

1754 1754 Albany Plan Albany Plan of Unionof Union

1754 1754 Albany Plan Albany Plan of Unionof Union

Gen. Edward Braddock’s Plan Gen. Edward Braddock’s Plan evict the French evict the French from the OH Valley & Canada (Newfoundland & from the OH Valley & Canada (Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)Nova Scotia)

- Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk - Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Valley,Valley, & Acadia. & Acadia. - Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne - Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne by 1500 French and Indian by 1500 French and Indian forces.forces.

Only Br. Success Only Br. Success expelled France from expelled France from Louisiana. Louisiana.

1755 1755 Br. Decides to Eliminate Br. Decides to Eliminate Fr. Presence in North AmericaFr. Presence in North America

1755 1755 Br. Decides to Eliminate Br. Decides to Eliminate Fr. Presence in North AmericaFr. Presence in North America

Native American tribes Native American tribes exploited both sides! exploited both sides!

(With French at beginning of war…switch to (With French at beginning of war…switch to British toward the end of the war?!)British toward the end of the war?!)

Lord Lord LoudouinLoudouin

Marquis Marquis de Montcalmde Montcalm

1756 1756 War Is Formally War Is Formally Declared! Declared!

1756 1756 War Is Formally War Is Formally Declared! Declared!

BritishBritish

• March in formation or March in formation or bayonet charge. bayonet charge.

• Br. officers wanted toBr. officers wanted to take charge of colonials. take charge of colonials.

““Prima Donna” Br. Prima Donna” Br. officers with servants officers with servants & tea settings. & tea settings.

• Drills & toughDrills & tough discipline. discipline.

• Colonists should payColonists should pay for their own defense. for their own defense.

• Indian-style guerillaIndian-style guerilla tactics. tactics.

• Col. militias servedCol. militias served under own captains. under own captains.

• No mil. deference orNo mil. deference or protocols observed. protocols observed.

• Resistance to risingResistance to rising taxes. taxes.

• Casual, Casual, non-professionals. non-professionals.

Methods ofMethods ofFighting:Fighting:

MilitaryMilitaryOrganization:Organization:

MilitaryMilitaryDiscipline:Discipline:

Finances:Finances:

Demeanor:Demeanor:

British-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial TensionsBritish-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial Tensions

ColonialsColonials

He understood colonial concerns.He understood colonial concerns.

He offered them a compromise:He offered them a compromise:

1.)1.)colonial loyalty & military cooperation-->colonial loyalty & military cooperation-->

Br. would reimburse colonial assemblies for their Br. would reimburse colonial assemblies for their costs.costs. 2.)2.)Lord Loudoun would be Lord Loudoun would be removed.removed.

RESULTS?RESULTS? Colonial morale increased by Colonial morale increased by 1758.1758.

1757 1757 William Pitt William Pitt Becomes Foreign Becomes Foreign

MinisterMinister

1757 1757 William Pitt William Pitt Becomes Foreign Becomes Foreign

MinisterMinister

** By 1761, Spain has become an ally of By 1761, Spain has become an ally of FranceFrance

1758-1761 1758-1761 The The Tide Turns for Tide Turns for

EnglandEngland

1758-1761 1758-1761 The The Tide Turns for Tide Turns for

EnglandEngland LouisbourgLouisbourg (St. Lawrence) (St. Lawrence)

falls to British falls to British 1758 1758 Fort DuquesneFort Duquesne

becomes Fort Pittbecomes Fort Pitt 1759 General Wolfe 1759 General Wolfe

conquers conquers QuebecQuebec (Plains of (Plains of Abraham)Abraham)

1763 Gen. Amherst takes 1763 Gen. Amherst takes Montreal…Montreal…

FRENCH SUE FOR PEACE.FRENCH SUE FOR PEACE.

France --> France --> lost her Canadian lost her Canadian possessions, claims to lands east of possessions, claims to lands east of the Mississippi River. (and claims to the Mississippi River. (and claims to territory in India)territory in India)

Spain -->Spain --> got all French lands west got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to Orleans, but lost Florida to England.England.England -->England --> got all French lands in got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance commercial dominance in India.in India.

1763 1763 Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis

1763 1763 Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis

North America in North America in 17631763

North America in North America in 17631763

1.1. It increased her colonial empire It increased her colonial empire in in the Americas. the Americas.

2.2. It greatly enlarged England’s It greatly enlarged England’s debt.debt.

3.3. Britain’s contempt for the Britain’s contempt for the colonials colonials created bitter feelings. created bitter feelings.

Therefore, England felt that aTherefore, England felt that amajor reorganization of her major reorganization of her

American EmpireAmerican Empire was necessary! was necessary!

Effects of the War Effects of the War on Britain?on Britain?

Effects of the War Effects of the War on Britain?on Britain?

1.1. It united them against aIt united them against a common enemy for the first common enemy for the first time. time.

2.2. It created a socializing It created a socializing experience for all the experience for all the colonials who participated. colonials who participated.

3.3. It created bitter feelings It created bitter feelings

towards the British that towards the British that would only intensify. would only intensify.

Effects of the War on Effects of the War on the American the American

ColonialsColonials

Effects of the War on Effects of the War on the American the American

ColonialsColonials

Peace Treaties Lead to WarPeace Treaties Lead to War

Question: Who is especially unhappy about Question: Who is especially unhappy about the French loss? the French loss? The Native Americans.The Native Americans.

British trappers and settlers refuse to pay British trappers and settlers refuse to pay Native Americans for the use of the land.Native Americans for the use of the land.

Chief Pontiac puts together a Native Chief Pontiac puts together a Native American Alliance and strikes back at the American Alliance and strikes back at the British. British.

17631763 Pontiac’s Pontiac’s RebellionRebellion

Fort DetroitFort Detroit

British “gifts” of smallpox-British “gifts” of smallpox-infected blankets from Fort Pitt.infected blankets from Fort Pitt.

The Aftermath: The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Tensions Along the

FrontierFrontier

The Aftermath: The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Tensions Along the

FrontierFrontier

Pontiac’s Rebellion Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)(1763)

Pontiac’s Rebellion Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)(1763)

Pontiac fails to capture key terrain. Pontiac’s War ends in 1765.Pontiac fails to capture key terrain. Pontiac’s War ends in 1765.

Cause of the American Cause of the American RevolutionRevolution

•England’s Prime Minister Pitt had decided to fund the war through the British Treasury and through loans.

•This relieves the American colonists from fronting the bill for the war.

•However, after the war is over, Britain must settle its debts and pay for a standing army in America.

• In order to do this they decide to have the colonists bear some of the burden for their own defense.

Cause of the American Cause of the American RevolutionRevolution

The Proclamation of 1763 Proclaimed that land west of the Appalachian Mountains temporarily off limits to settlements.

British halt westward expansion to minimize costs in maintaining a military force to secure the Frontier.

Colonists upset. (Paxton boys!) Especially those who had bought shares in companies or bought land in the newly captured territories.

However, this does create a fragile peace between the British and the Native Americans.

British British ProclamationProclamation Line of 1763. Line of 1763.

Colonials Colonials 1763 Paxton Boys (PA) 1763 Paxton Boys (PA) (See earlier notes)(See earlier notes)

BACKLASH!BACKLASH!BACKLASH!BACKLASH!