european union - energy and environment
DESCRIPTION
A snapshot at the energy and environmental law in the European Union.TRANSCRIPT
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ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL
LAW IN THE EU
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INTRODUCTION
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TREATY ESTABLISHING THE ECSC
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Contribution to economic expansion, growth of employment and a rising standard of living through the common market for coal and steel
Free movement of goods
Prohibition of discriminatory measures
Creation of the EU Institutions
TREATY OF PARIS
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INDUSTRY AND ENVIRONMENT
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ENERGY LAW
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ENERGY POLICIES
Treaty of Lisbon amended the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU and in its
Article 194 it put energy law on a legal basis
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In the context of the establishment and functioning of the internal market and with regard forthe need to preserve and improve the environment, Union policy on energy shall aim, in a spirit ofsolidarity between Member States, to:(a) ensure the functioning of the energy market;(b) ensure security of energy supply in the Union;(c) promote energy effi ciency and energy saving and the development of new and renewable forms of energy; and(d) promote the interconnection of energy networks.
ARTICLE 194 (1)
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Support through market-based tools and financial instruments
Development of Innovative Energy Technologies
Adoption of measures to reduce global warming
INSTRUMENTS
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Foundation for civil use of nuclear energy laid in 1957 with the establishment of the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom)
NUCLEAR ENERGY
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Runs from 2007 – 2013
Two main areas:Research into nuclear fusion, nuclear fission energy and radiation protection
Activities of the Joint Research Centre (JCR)
Maximum amount to be spent EUR 2,75 billion
SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAM
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Disposal
depending on the classification either in near surface disposal facilities or in deep geological formations
NUCLEAR WASTE
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Essential alternatives to fossil fuelsUse reduces greenhouse gas emissionsDiversifies energy supplyReduces dependence on fossil fuels markets
Stimulates employment Create new technologiesGoal is to cover 20% of the energy needs with renewables by 2020
RENEWABLE SOURCES
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According to the European Wind Energy Association
By 2020 15.7% of the energy supply will come from wind energy
By 2050 about 50%
WIND
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More suitable for southern Member states
Newer projects are concentrating on systems to power thermally driven cooling systems in the summer months
SOLAR
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The only widely available energy resource to replace fossil fuels in the transportation sector
Two types:BiodieselBioethanol
Second generation biofuels are being developed from cellulose biomass feedstock
BIOFUELS
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ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
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OVERVIEW
1970: USA and United Nations declared protection of the environment a major goal
1986 Environmental Protection included for the fi rst time in Art. 130r – 130t Treaty of Rome
2004 Environmental Liability Directive entered into Force
2008 Directive adopted to protect the environment through criminal law
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ORGANISATIONS
European Union Network for the Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental Law (IMPEL)
European Union Forum of Judges for the Environment (EUFJE)
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Objective of EU air quality policies is
"to achieve levels of air quality that do not result in unacceptable
impacts on, and risks to, human health and the environment."
AIR
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Directive 2008/50/EC
Merged existing legislation into single directive
Taking into consideration natural courses of pollution
Possibility of time extensions
Air Quality
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As of January 2011 two of the measures are:
Review and further reduction of emissions from vehicles and machinery
Active participation in international negotiations on air quality
EU AIR POLICY
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Directive 2000/60/ECReplaced seven old directivesSupranationalObjectives for future water protection
River basin managementSurface WaterGroundwater
WATER
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Ecological protection
Chemical protection
Other uses
SURFACE WATER
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Groundwater Directive 2006/118/EC
Establishment of quality standards by 2008
Pollution trend studies
Compliance with chemical status criteria
GROUNDWATER
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Based on three principles
Waste prevention
Recycling and reuse
Improving final disposal and monitoring
EU WASTE MANAGEMENT
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND EIA
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20% cut in greenhouse gas emission by 2020
50% cut in carbon emission by 2050
Minimum of 10% usage of biofuels by 2020
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Directive 85/337/EEC (Environmental Impact Assessment) for individual projects
Directive 2001/42/EC (Strategic Environmental Assessment) for public projects
EIASEA
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WHERE IS THE EU GOING?
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Presentation by Saskia MehlhornO’Quinn Law Library
University of Houston Law Center
W-4 Researching and Understanding European Union Law
AALL Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, PA, July 23, 2011
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Dresden destroyed CC Deutsche Fotothek http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fotothek_df_roe-neg_0000060_002_Stra%C3%9Fe_mit_Tr%C3%BCmmern_in_Dresden_Mitte.jpg
Treaty establishing the ECSC http://moderneuromac.wikispaces.com/European+Unity+Postings
Industry (industrielandschaft by D. Lowski) http://www.dilowfoto.de/fotomotive_data/landschaften/industrielandschaft.htm
PHOTO CREDITS