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European Reference Laboratory - FV
European Reference Laboratory - FV
LC-HRAMS
WHY ?BENEFITS ?
European Reference Laboratory - FV
Development of control programs for pesticides in Europe
Source: EFSA
European Reference Laboratory - FV
DE
IT
FR
NL
UK
RO
HU
DKGR
FI
AT
BE
PL
SE
NO
ESSIIE
CZ
PT
BGSK
CY EELT
ISMT
LU
LV0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
Development of control programs for pesticides in EuropeDEITFRNLUKROHUDKGRFIATBEPLSENOESSIIECZPTBGSKCYEELTISMTLULVLI
Source: EFSA
European Reference Laboratory - FV
PESTICIDES Nº of reportedresults
Nº of NA (not sought)
False negatives
% of NA results from the total 125
Acetamiprid 56 67 2 54Carbaryl 101 24 0 19Cyprodinil 99 24 2 19Diazinon 123 2 0 2Dimethoate 119 2 4 2Fenhexamid 89 36 0 2Fludioxonil 85 36 4 29Imidacloprid 64 60 1 48Iprodione 113 8 4 6Kresoxim-methyl 104 20 1 16Methomyl 71 45 9 36Monocrotophos 89 30 5 24Procymidone 121 4 0 3Pyrimethanil 98 25 2 20Tetraconazole 70 49 6 39Thiabendazole 104 17 3 14
EUPT-FV07 (2005)Target list: 62 pesticides
European Reference Laboratory - FV
ChlorpyrifosDichlofluanidDichlofluanid
EndosulfanMethidathionMyclobutanilMyclobutanil
Vinclozolin
EUPT-7 116EUPT-7 097EUPT-7 122
EUPT-7 125EUPT-7 126EUPT-7 049EUPT-7 125
EUPT-7 097
TestTestTest
TestTestTestTest
Test
0.00160.0130.103
0.1060.1760.260.005
0.022
0.010.050.006
0.0034-
0.010.0006
0.05
Pesticide Lab Code Sample Concentration(mg/kg)
MPRL(mg/kg)
0.050.05
0.05
0.050.020.020.02
0.05
Laboratories that reported false positives
RL(mg/kg)
EUPT-FV07 (2005)
European Reference Laboratory - FV
LC‐QqQ‐MSCommon Transitions
226.3‐>142.3
226.3‐>100.1
Prometon
226.0‐>142.3
226.0‐>100.1 226.0‐>100.3
10.54 minSecbumeton10.54 min
226.0‐>142.3
Terbumeton 10.54 min
10.54 min 10.54 min 10.54 minPrometon Secbumeton Terbumeton
Cou
nts
Cou
nts
Cou
nts
Cou
nts
Cou
nts
Cou
nts
European Reference Laboratory - FV
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Citr
us fr
uits
Tree
nut
sPo
me
fruits
Ston
e fru
itsBe
rries
and
sm
all f
ruits
Mis
cella
neou
s fru
its w
ith…
Mis
cella
neou
s fru
its w
ith…
Mis
cella
neou
s fru
its w
ith…
Roo
t and
tube
r veg
etab
les
Bras
sica
veg
etab
les
Leaf
veg
etab
les,
her
bs a
nd…
Legu
me
vege
tabl
esSt
em v
eget
able
sFu
ngi,
mos
ses
and
liche
nsAl
gae
and
prok
aryo
tes…
Puls
esO
ilsee
dsO
il fru
itsC
erea
lsTe
asC
offe
e be
ans
Her
bal i
nfus
ions
from
Coc
oa b
eans
Car
obs/
Sain
t Joh
n's
brea
dsH
ops
Seed
spi
ces
Frui
t spi
ces
Bark
spi
ces
Roo
t and
rhiz
ome
spic
esBu
d sp
ices
Flow
er p
istil
spi
ces
Aril
spic
esSu
gar P
lant
s
Mai
n pr
oduc
tsPlant Origin Matrix Groups
Total number: 250 matrices
European Reference Laboratory - FV
Mass
Data base components‐ orangematrix compounds (1 g/mL)
8017 Matrix compounds
m/z: 100‐700Rt: 4‐8 min
m/z: 100‐400Rt: 7‐13 min
DB: 750 components
Orange: 2743 matrix compounds Miner 3D Enterprise
European Reference Laboratory - FV
2x10
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
+ESI MRM Frag=380.0V CF=0.000 DF=0.…
* 10.322
2x10
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
+ESI MRM Frag=380.0V CF=0.000 DF=0.…
* 10.322
Counts vs. Acquisition Time (min)10 10.2 10.4 10.6
2x10
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
+ESI MRM Frag=380.0V CF=0.000 DF=0.…
* 10.322
2x10
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
+ESI MRM Frag=380.0V CF=0.000 DF=0.…
* 10.322
Counts vs. Acquisition Time (min)10 10.2 10.4 10.6
2x10
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5+ESI MRM Frag=380.0V CF=0.000 DF=0.…
* 10.334
2x10
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
+ESI MRM Frag=380.0V CF=0.000 DF=0.…
* 10.322
Counts vs. Acquisition Time (min)10 10.2 10.4 10.6
2x10
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
+ESI MRM Frag=380.0V CF=0.000 DF=0.…
* 10.334
2x10
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
+ESI MRM Frag=380.0V CF=0.000 DF=0.…
* 10.322
Counts vs. Acquisition Time (min)10 10.2 10.4 10.6
2x10
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
+ESI MRM Frag=380.0V CF=0.000 DF=0.…
* 10.334
2x10
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
+ESI MRM Frag=380.0V CF=0.000 DF=0.…
* 10.322
Counts vs. Acquisition Time (min)10 10.2 10.4 10.6
Std in solvent at 0.01 mg/kg
Ethyl Acetate method
Haloxyfop at 0.01 mg/kg in Aubergine. LC-MS/MS
NL method Citrate QuEChERSmethod
Ion Ratio: 0.34Diff.: 11%
Ion Ratio: 0.27Diff.: 29%
Ion Ratio: 0.21Diff.: 45%
Ion Ratio: 0.39Diff.: 3%
Ion Ratio: 0.38
Citrate QuEChERSwithout clean-up
method
European Reference Laboratory - FV
European Reference Laboratory - FV
0.00
1 D
a
1 D
a
European Reference Laboratory - FV
Pyrimethanil[M+H+] m/z 200.11820.01 mg/ kg in onionRT = 7.05 minDilution 5x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Time (min)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Rel
ativ
e Ab
unda
nce
9.51
7.397.38
4.90 6.74 6.754.49
5.64 6.559.806.50 7.52
6.365.83 9.864.22 5.47 7.60 8.894.14 9.468.392.16 10.233.092.27 11.5110.74 11.732.11 3.750.22 1.000.71 1.34
200.1182 ± 1 Da
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Time (min)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Rel
ativ
e Ab
unda
nce
7.05
200.1182 ± 0.001 Da
Pyrimethanil at 0.01 mg/kg
European Reference Laboratory - FV
EUPT Sample: coriander
LinuronStandard in solventIon ratio: 1.8
Linuron (0.125 mg/kg)Real sample of corianderIon ratio: 2.4
FALSE NEGATIVE
European Reference Laboratory - FV
EUPT Sample of coriander
Linuron
Matrix interference
European Reference Laboratory - FV
BUT…..
European Reference Laboratory - FV
0102030405060708090
100
20 ppb 50 ppb 100 ppb
Com
poun
ds (%
)
0102030405060708090
100
20 ppb 50 ppb 100 ppbC
ompo
unds
(%)
0102030405060708090
100
20 ppb 50 ppb 100 ppb
Com
poun
ds (%
) ,
0102030405060708090
100
20 ppb 50 ppb 100 ppb
Com
poun
ds (%
) ,
0102030405060708090
100
20 ppb 50 ppb 100 ppb
Com
poun
ds (%
) ,
0102030405060708090
100
20 ppb 50 ppb 100 ppb
Com
poun
ds (%
) ,
Solvent
Tomato
Pepper
Zucchini
Orange
Leek
Automatic Detection20 µg kg-1
20 µg kg-1
20 µg kg-1
50 µg kg-1
50 µg kg-1
50 µg kg-1
100 µg kg-1
100 µg kg-1
100 µg kg-1
20 µg kg-1 50 µg kg-1 100 µg kg-1
20 µg kg-1 50 µg kg-1 100 µg kg-1
20 µg kg-1 50 µg kg-1 100 µg kg-1
Manual Detection
Not detected
European Reference Laboratory - FV
C20H22N2O +H: C20 H23 N2 O1 pa Chrg 1
307.0 307.5 308.0 308.5 309.0 309.5 310.0 310.5 311.0 311.5 312.0 312.5 313.0m/z
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Rel
ativ
e A
bund
ance
307.1805
308.1838
309.1872310.1906 311.1939 312.1948 313.1982
Monoisotopic ionC20H23N2O
Ion with two 13C13C2C18H23N2O
Ion with 13C atom13CC19H23N2O
OUT OF LINEAR RANGE
BELOW LOQ
OUT OF LINEAR RANGE BELOW LOQ
0.005 mg/kg
0.010 mg/kg
0.020 mg/kg
0.050 mg/kg
0.100 mg/kg
0.250 mg/kg
0.500 mg/kg
0.750 mg/kg
1.000 mg/kg
Fenazaquin in tomato extract, calibration with monoisotopic ion, with ion containing one13C atom and with ion containing two 13C atom. Quantitation with monoisotopic ionpossible up to 0.100 mg/kg. Higher concentration levels have to be quantified with ioncontaining two 13C atoms
Monoisotopic ion
Ion with 13C atom
Ion with two 13C atom
European Reference Laboratory - FV
Influence of resolution on detection
317.00 317.05 317.10 317.15 317.20 317.25 317.30 317.35m/z
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Rel
ativ
e A
bund
ance
317.1657
317.2014
317.1728
317.1966
317.1544
Exact mass of bupirimate: 317.1642
Matrix ion. Mass error 27.1 ppm
Matrix ion. Mass error -30.1 ppm
Resolution 17500
Resolution 70000
Two non resolved matrix ions. Mass error 4.7 ppm False detect of bupirimate
317.1728
317.1657
317.2014
317.1966
317.1544
European Reference Laboratory - FV
European Reference Laboratory - FV
LOQ
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
0.01 mg/kg 0.02 mg/kg 0.05 mg/kg
ddMS2vDIAAIF
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
0.01 mg/kg 0.02 mg/kg 0.05 mg/kg
ddMS2vDIAAIF
Tomato Apple
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
0.01 mg/kg 0.02 mg/kg 0.05 mg/kg
ddMS2vDIAAIF
Orange
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
0.01 mg/kg 0.02 mg/kg 0.05 mg/kg
ddMS2vDIAAIF
Onion
% o
f com
poun
ds
% o
f com
poun
ds
% o
f com
poun
ds
% o
f com
poun
ds
Target Analysis
Non Target MS2 (DIA)Non Target MS2 (DIA-VMW)
Target Analysis
Non Target MS2 (DIA)Non Target MS2 (DIA-VMW)
Target Analysis
Non Target MS2 (DIA)Non Target MS2 (DIA-VMW)
Target Analysis
Non Target MS2 (DIA)Non Target MS2 (DIA-VMW)
European Reference Laboratory - FV
Linearity LC-HRAMS
0,0E+00
2,0E+08
4,0E+08
6,0E+08
8,0E+08
1,0E+09
1,2E+09
1,4E+09
1,6E+09
1,8E+09
2,0E+09
0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6
Concentration [mg/kg]
Pirimiphos-methyl
Ethoprophos
Flusilazole
Area
Spinach
0.07 0.14 0.21 0.28 0.35 0.42 0.49 0.56
Azoxystrobin
Imidacloprid
Zoxamide
European Reference Laboratory - FV
1.3‐1.1
‐1.0
‐0.7
‐0.5‐0.5
‐0.4 ‐0.2‐1.2
‐0.5‐0.7
‐1.0‐0.50.7 ‐1.5
Azoxystrobin 0.01 mg/kg in tomatoDilution 5x (mass errors in ppm)
6.92 6.93 6.94 6.95 6.96 6.97 6.98 6.99 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05Time (min)
0.20.00.00.0
‐0.20.0
0.0‐0.2
0.0 0.00.0
0.0 0.00.0
‐0.20.0‐0.2 ‐0.2
0.2 0.7 ‐1.2 ‐0.7 0.7
QTOF
Orbitrap
European Reference Laboratory - FV
Ethirimol 0.1 mg/kg in tomato, MS2 spectrum
European Reference Laboratory - FV
0
20
40
60
80
0.1 0.01 0.005 0.001 0.0005495 49 25 5 2
(Da)(ppm)
ThiabendazoleC10H7N3S (m/z 202.0433)
C0‐25H0‐50N0‐5O0‐5Cl0‐5Br0‐5SNum
ber o
f possible molecular fo
rmulae
5 ppm
~ 2 000 ~ 20 000 ~ 40 000 ~ 200 000 ~ 400 000 (FWHM)Resolution
Resolution ~ 70 000 FWHM
9 molecular formulae
5 molecular formulae
‐ Cl, Br
~ 70 000~25 000
Absolute mass error relative to Thiabendazole
Resolution ~ 25 000 FWHM
25 molecular formulae
12 molecular formulae
‐ Cl, Br
European Reference Laboratory - FV
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Res
olut
ion
m/z
QToFOrbitrap
Resolution dependence on m/zExperimental data
European Reference Laboratory - FV
Number of Pesticides with fragments using Orbitrap in Full Scan mode
Solvent 0.10 mg/kg%
of p
estic
ides
European Reference Laboratory - FV
RT: 6.72 - 10.15
6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.0 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.8 9.0 9.2 9.4 9.6 9.8 10.0Time (min)
0
20
40
60
80
1000
20
40
60
80
100
Rel
ativ
e A
bund
ance
0
20
40
60
80
100 8.458.47
8.47
8.49
8.54
8.48
Pepper spikedat 0.01 mg/kgmetlaxyl
GrapefruitReal sample 1
Metalaxyl (XIC m/z 280.1543 ± 5 ppm). Full scan MS. Resolution 70000
GrapefruitReal sample 2
Analysis of real samples by LC-HRAMS MS2
European Reference Laboratory - FV
Metalaxyl (XIC m/z 280.1543 ± 5 ppm). Full scan MS. Resolution 70000
Expected fragments:148.1119160.1119192.1380220.1380
LC-QOrbitrap
GrapefruitReal sample
192.1382
160.1120 220.1330
148.1121165.1148134.09641011 179.1061
191.0603
245.1078
2203.1068132.0525 172.5912.4849
191 0600
RT: 6.72 - 10.15
0
20
40
60
80
100
Rel
ativ
e A
bund
ance
0
20
40
60
80
1008.45
8.47
8.47
8.49
8.54
8 48
FALSE POSITIVE
XIC m/z 280.1543 ± 5 ppm
XIC m/z 280.1543 ± 5 ppm
Standard of Metalaxyl
279.5 280.0 280.5 28
280.1547
280.227623
280.1547
MS spectrum Experimental MS/MS spectrum
Library MS/MS spectrum
192,1382
191,0603
European Reference Laboratory - FV
Combining Full Scan MS and MS2 Mode
European Reference Laboratory - FV
Pesticide residue method MS2
Full Scan
• Detection/Identification (mass and retention time)• Quantitation
MS/MS (Target and Non target MS/MS)
• Identification (at least one fragment)
European Reference Laboratory - FV
Pesticides Full scan QTOF Orbitrap MS2 QTOF OrbitrapAzoxystrobin 404.1241 -1.5 0.0 372.0979 0.6 -0.3Diazinon 305.1083 -1.5 0.3 169.0794 0.9 0.0Dichlorvos 220.9532 0.5 0.5 109.0047 -1.9 1.6Fenamiphos - sulfone 336.1029 -0.2 0.6 266.0246 -1.6 0.4Profenofos 372.9424 1.9 0.5 302.8642 1.0 -0.3
Pesticides Full scan QTOF Orbitrap MS2 QTOF OrbitrapAzoxystrobin 404.1241 0.4 0.0 372.0979 1.4 0.3Diazinon 305.1083 1.2 -0.3 169.0794 -1.1 -0.6Dichlorvos 220.9532 1.9 -0.5 109.0047 -2.3 2.4Fenamiphos - sulfone 336.1029 -0.2 0.0 266.0246 1.5 0.0Profenofos 372.9424 -0.4 0.0 302.8642 1.1 -1.0
Tomato
Orange
0.01 mg/kg
0.01 mg/kg
European Reference Laboratory - FV
32k 32 k
32k 32k
32k 32k 32k 32k
32k 32k 32k 32k 32k 32k
32k 32k 32k 32k
TARGET ANALYSIS (DATA DEPENDENT ACQUISITION)
NON TARGET MS2 DIA-VMW (FS/SWATH)
Full scan MS
MS2
0.1 – 0.5 s 0.1 - 0.5 s
32k
NON TARGET MS2 (DATA INDEPENDENT ACQUISITION) FS/AIF-MS2
32k 32k 32k 32k 32k 32k 32k 32k 32k
TOF32k
32k
32k
32k
32k
32k
32 k32k
32k
32k
32k
32k
32k
European Reference Laboratory - FV
LC‐QTOF‐MS
Full scan detection
Formetanate Tomato 0.02 mg/kg
Auto MS/MS mode
4x10
0
1
2
3
Counts vs. Mass-to-Charge (m/z)218219220221222223224225226227228229
No MS/MS spectrum
All ions mode
MS/MS spectrum
165.1022
222.1242
120.0444
Formetanate Identified with two fragments ions
European Reference Laboratory - FV
Full scan detection IDA mode
No MS/MS spectrum
SWATH mode Propoxur Identified by fragments ions
European Reference Laboratory - FV
70k 17,5k
70k 70k
70k 35k 35k 35k 35k 35k
70k 35k 35k 35k
70k 17,5k
17,5k
17,5k
17,5k
17,5k
70k 17,5k
17,5k
17,5k
TARGET ANALYSIS (DATA DEPENDENT ACQUISITION) FS/dd-MS2
FS/AIF-MS2
FS/vDIA-MS2
0.27 s 1.28 s
Orbitrap Full scan MS
MS2
European Reference Laboratory - FV
11.25 11.30 11.35 11.40 11.45 11.50 11.55 11.60Time (min)
ddMS2
cycle time 0.27s
AIFcycle time 0.62s
vDIA (3segm x 17,500)cycle time 0.61s
vDIA (5segm x 17,500)cycle time 0.79 s
vDIA (3segm x 35,000)cycle time 0.83 s
vDIA (5segm x 35,000)cycle time 1.28 s
Fenazaquin0.02 mg/L in solvent
European Reference Laboratory - FV
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
RSD 0-5% RSD 0-10% RSD 0-20%
3 segments/ R=350005 segments/ R=350003 segments/ R=175005 segments/ R=17500AIFdd MS2
Tomato0.01 mg/kg
Repeatability(Five Analyses)
% o
f com
poun
ds
European Reference Laboratory - FV
11 Matrices
Cucumber Orange Green bean
Apple
Lettuce
Onion
Tomato
Parsley Leek
Garlic Spinach
European Reference Laboratory - FV
Identification
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
dd MS2 vDIA AIF
0.01 mg/kg0.1 mg/kg
166 pesticides x 11 matrices = 1826 results%
of c
ompo
unds
European Reference Laboratory - FV
Pesticide Asigned value(mg/kg)
Obtained value (Difference)AIF dd MS2 vDIA
Bupirimate 0,165 (±50%) 0,157 (-5%) 0,152 (-8%) 0,160 (-3%)
Carbendazim 0,512 (±50%) 0,415 (-19%) 0,404 (-21%) 0,404 (-21%)
Diazinon 0,071 (±50%) 0,051 (-28%) 0,051 (-28%) 0,051 (-28%)
Difenoconazol 0,53 (±50%) 0,625 (18%) 0,631 (19%) 0,610 (15%)
Diflubenzuron 0,319 (±50%) 0,367 (15%) 0,332 (4%) 0,354 (11%)
Metoxyfenozide 0,349 (±50%) 0,300 (-14%) 0,304 (-13%) 0,293 (-16%)
Spinosaad 0,051 (±50%) 0,044 (-14%) 0,044 (-14%) 0,044 (-14%)
Thiabendazole 1,90 (±50%) 2,07 (9%) 2,01 (6%) 2,00 (5%)
Trifloxystrobin 0,466 (±50%) 0,592 (27%) 0,592 (27%) 0,559 (20%)
Pendimethalin 0,062 (±50%) 0,070 (13%) 0,059 (-5%) 0,065 5%)
EUPT-FV-17 Broccoli 2015
European Reference Laboratory - FV
• “Old” or rarely detected compounds
• “Very expensive” analytical standards
• Compounds “produced” during the analysis
• Complex residue definitionCycloxydim including degradation and reaction products which can be determined as 3-(3-thianyl)glutaric acid S-dioxide (BH 517-TGSO2) and/or3-hydroxy-3-(3-thianyl)glutaric acid S-dioxide (BH 517-5-OH-TGSO2) ormethyl esters thereof, calculated in total as cycloxydim
European Reference Laboratory - FV
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
solvent AcN
AcN/H2O
BroccoliAscorbic Acid
ARE
A
min
Diafenthiuron
European Reference Laboratory - FV
Standard Broccoli
R1 Broccoli
R2 Broccoli
Diafenthiuron
Urea
Sulfomonoxide
Urea
Sulfomonoxide
Urea
Sulfomonoxide
Diafenthiuron
Diafenthiuron
[M+H]+ =369.2536
[M+H]+ =369.2536
[M+H]+ =369.2536
European Reference Laboratory - FV
C23H32N2O2369.2536 C23H30N2O2
351.2430
C23H32N2OS385.2308
C23H32N2O2S401.2257
European Reference Laboratory - FV
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
800000
900000
1000000
Difenthiuron Sulfomonoxide Urea
ARE
A
Diafenthiuron in Broccoli
St1St2St3R1_t1R1_t2R1_t3R2_t1R2_t2R2_t3
R2:0%R1:0%
LC-QTOF-MS
European Reference Laboratory - FV
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
500000
Difenthiuron Sulfomonoxide Urea
ARE
A
Diafenthiuron in Orange
St1St2St3R1_t1R1_t2R1_t3R2_t1R2_t2R2_t3
LC-QTOF-MS
European Reference Laboratory - FV
Standard Orange
R1 Orange
R2 Orange
Diafenthiuron
Sulfomonoxide
Sulfomonoxide
Sulfomonoxide
Diafenthiuron
Diafenthiuron
Urea
European Reference Laboratory - FV
European Reference Laboratory - FV
Number of Laboratories analising by HRAMSin the last three EUPTs-FV-SM
No.
of L
abor
ator
ies
European Reference Laboratory - FV
% of Laboratories analising by HRAMSin the last three EUPTs-FV-SM
% o
f Lab
orat
orie
s
European Reference Laboratory - FV
24 EU/EFTA Countries
AustriaBelgiumBulgaryCroatiaCyprusCzech Republic DenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryItalyIrelandLatviaNetherlandsNorwayRomaniaSerbiaSloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandUnited Kingdom
Participation EUPT-FV-SM08
AustriaBelgiumBulgaryCroatiaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryItalyIrelandLatviaNetherlandsNorwayRomaniaSerbiaSloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandUnited Kingdom
HRAMSCzech Republic
DenmarkFrance
GermanyGreece
ItalyNetherlands
NorwayRomania
SpainSweden
United Kingdom
European Reference Laboratory - FV
European Reference Laboratory - FV
Thank Youfor Your Attention
Thank Youfor Your Attention