European Landmarks

What is a Landmark???

An important building or monumentOften, a building that is significant in history that is protected and maintained by the local or national government

How will we define our Landmarks?

WHO- was there a significant figure who built the landmark?WHAT- what materials were used to create the landmark?WHEN- when was the landmark built?WHERE- location of the landmark- city, countryWHY- why was this landmark built, what is the purpose?

Information

WHO- built by Gustave EiffelWHAT- made of exposed ironWHEN- built from 1887-1889WHERE- Paris, FranceWHY- built as an attraction for the World’s Fair held in Paris in 1889 with three levels, is 984 feet high, the first level is a restaurant still in use today!

Eiffel Tower!

InformationWHO- wealthy widow named Berta di Bernado WHAT- the interior is made of limestone and mortar, with the exterior being covered in marbleWHEN- 1173-1350 (there were many wars that interrupted the project)WHERE- Pisa, ItalyWHY- It is a bell tower to accompany the cathedral that it stands next to. It leans because the soil is sand and clay and can’t support the weight of the building

Tower of Pisa

InformationWHO- East German government and soldiersWHAT- built of concreter, it was 12 feet high and 120 miles longWHEN- built in 1961WHERE- through the city of Berlin, GermanyWHY- after WWII, the city of Berlin was shared by allied and Soviet (former USSR) forces; because the East German govt. was so strict, people tried to leave all the time and a wall was built to stop this.This wall came down in 1991 when the Soviet Union broke up

The Berlin Wall

InformationWHO- Charles BarryWHAT- made of masonry stone with an iron frameworkWHEN- 1854-1856WHERE- London, EnglandWHY- It was built as a grand addition to the Palace of Westminster, and to keep time for the peopleThe inscription beneath the dials reads 'DOMINE SALVAM FAC REGINAM NOSTRAM VICTORIAM PRIMAM' which means 'Lord save our Queen Victoria I'.

Big Ben

                        

InformationWHO- King Ludwig IIWHAT- built of stone in a Romanesque architectural styleWHEN- 1869-1892WHERE- Bavaria, GermanyWHY- The castle was built to be a private home for the King, in the most scenic part of GermanyThis castle was the model for Walt Disney’s fairy tale castle in Disney World

Neuschwanstein Castle

Information

WHO- possible the Druids, a group of Celtic priests, or more likely neolithic, ancient peopleWHAT- wood and bluestone igneous rock, and sandstone WHEN- 3000-1000 B.C.WHERE- southwestern EnglandWHY- not fully known, possibly a calendar, possibly a sacred place of worship

Stonehenge

InformationWHO- Ivan the TerribleWHAT- made up of 9 individual chapels, made of red brick with the common “onion dome” designWHEN- 1555-1561WHERE- Red Square in Moscow, RussiaWHY- built to commemorate Ivan the Terrible's successful military campaign against the Tartar Mongols in 1552

St. Basil’s Cathedral

                                                                                           

Information

WHO- Roman Emperor Vespasian, and his son TitusWHAT- stones and concrete bricks, finished with marble stoneWHEN- A.D. 69-79WHERE- Rome, ItalyWHY- built as an amphitheater which showcased plays, celebrations and is most known for its gladiator fights

The Colosseum

InformationWHO- Napoleon BonaparteWHAT- stone and marbleWHEN- 1833-1836WHERE- Paris, FranceWHY- it was built to honor and commemorate the great and successful army of NapoleonIt now serves as a symbol of unity12 streets radiate out from this pointFrance’s “Tomb of the Unknown Soldier” is here

Arc de Triomphe

Information

WHO- Giovanni BerniniWHAT- stone and graniteWHEN-17th CenturyWHERE- Vatican City, Rome, ItalyWHY- an entrance to Vatican City, that leads strait to St. Peter’s Basilica

St. Peter’s Square, cont.

The Basilica was built over the spot believed to be where pilgrims and Roman Christians had traditionally venerated the remains of the first Apostle of Christ and first Bishop of Rome -- Simon Peter -- who was crucified upside down atop this spot on Vatican hill, according to tradition, under the Emperor Nero.

St. Peter’s Square- the Vatican

InformationWHO- Horace JonesWHAT- stone bearing masonry and ironWHERE- London, EnglandWHEN- 1886-1894WHY- serves as a bridge over the Thames River this is actually a drawbridge that opens to allow ships to pass through

London Tower Bridge

Information

Who: Built by Athenians in GreeceWhat: Constructed in Doric Style using Marble

Considered the finest example of Greek architecture.When: Completed 432 B.C.Where: The Acropolis, GreeceWhy: A temple for the Goddess Athena

The Parthenon