European Feudalism

• Between 1400-1525 Europe will begin to change from a feudal society to a capitalist society. In feudalism, land is not private property, political authority is local. The 1300’s were a century of disease and war, as shown at left.

• Between 1400-1525 Europe will begin to change from a feudal society to a capitalist society. In feudalism, land is not private property, political authority is local. The 1300’s were a century of disease and war, as shown at left.

Reformation

• Protestantism– Martin Luther– Henry VIII

• Inter-Christian Religious Warfare

– Catholic– Protestant– Mixed

• At this point Europeans’ sense of identity is local and religious.

• Protestantism– Martin Luther– Henry VIII

• Inter-Christian Religious Warfare

– Catholic– Protestant– Mixed

• At this point Europeans’ sense of identity is local and religious.

Nation Building

• The nations we now know as Europe were built during the period 1300-1900.

– France England: 1300’s

– Spain: 1492– Italy: 1848– Germany: 1860

• The nations we now know as Europe were built during the period 1300-1900.

– France England: 1300’s

– Spain: 1492– Italy: 1848– Germany: 1860

European Trade 1478• Silk Road

– Spice– Silk– 10x

markup

• Venitian Bankers & Muslims control

• Rennais-sance

• Silk Road– Spice– Silk– 10x

markup

• Venitian Bankers & Muslims control

• Rennais-sance

THE OTHERThe Other is a concept we use to describe a subject’s sense of its identity. The Other defines the boundary of the “Self.” The Other is not always viewed negatively. What we want to know, is what traditions of otherness does Europe take with it on its voyages of exploration and conquest?

Jews serve as an internal other and for 700 years, Europe will be invaded repeatedly.

The Other is a concept we use to describe a subject’s sense of its identity. The Other defines the boundary of the “Self.” The Other is not always viewed negatively. What we want to know, is what traditions of otherness does Europe take with it on its voyages of exploration and conquest?

Jews serve as an internal other and for 700 years, Europe will be invaded repeatedly.

Jews

• The first Other• Dependent non-citizens of the

Christian world. • “racializing difference:”

– ghettoization – hats, badges, stars, tattoos

• Economic Niches– Medicine– Banking

• The first Other• Dependent non-citizens of the

Christian world. • “racializing difference:”

– ghettoization – hats, badges, stars, tattoos

• Economic Niches– Medicine– Banking

Heathens

• Viking Raids 700-1000

• Hun Invasions 600-800

• Europe sends missionaries to convert invaders

• Viking Raids 700-1000

• Hun Invasions 600-800

• Europe sends missionaries to convert invaders

Viking Slave Trade

• Coastal Europe• Russia• Greenland• 8,000 per year • In 1300 75% of

European households owned slaves

• Coastal Europe• Russia• Greenland• 8,000 per year • In 1300 75% of

European households owned slaves

Mongols Invasions• military threat• Pope Innocent IV

Letter to the Khan:– Catholicism is

“Church universal”

– Non-catholics rule without “dominium” or divine sanction

– This will be applied to Indians when the time comes.

• military threat• Pope Innocent IV

Letter to the Khan:– Catholicism is

“Church universal”

– Non-catholics rule without “dominium” or divine sanction

– This will be applied to Indians when the time comes.

Islam

• Controls access to Asian trade

• Preserve knowledge of Greek Science/philosophy

• Practice religious tolerance

• Controls access to Asian trade

• Preserve knowledge of Greek Science/philosophy

• Practice religious tolerance

Africans Before Racism

In the 1400-1600 period we have evidence of Africans living in European society as equals. They own property, marry, engage in trade and legal affairs. Their differences are noted but not marginalized. As the Europeans increase their exportation of Africans to the America’s their perceptions of Africans will deteriorate. Takaki’s chapter on the English conquest of Ireland suggests that that event is intertwined with African exportation in Europe’s first sense of “racial difference.”

In the 1400-1600 period we have evidence of Africans living in European society as equals. They own property, marry, engage in trade and legal affairs. Their differences are noted but not marginalized. As the Europeans increase their exportation of Africans to the America’s their perceptions of Africans will deteriorate. Takaki’s chapter on the English conquest of Ireland suggests that that event is intertwined with African exportation in Europe’s first sense of “racial difference.”

Early Catholic question

• Aquinas: – “we know the whole world.”– “The apostles covered the earth.”

• until 1570 – America’s thought a peninsula of

Asia

• Aquinas: – “we know the whole world.”– “The apostles covered the earth.”

• until 1570 – America’s thought a peninsula of

Asia

“Known” World