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ΑΦΙΕΡΩΜΑ Βυζάντιο Ελλάδα Ευρώπη «Επέκεινα Χώρα» Multipolarity in world affairs and EU/China relations

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Ευρωπαική Έκφραση - Τεύχος 82

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  • Multipolarity in world affairs and EU/China relations

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    4Multipolarity in world affairs and EU / China relations .................................................. 24 Dinos Stasinopoulos

    4 . ........................................... 26

    4, ................................................ 28

    4 : , ......................... 32

    4 ........................................................................................................... 39 4 ............................................................................................................................ 43 4 ............................................................................................................ 44

  • 4 . 82 3 2011

    C o N T E N T S

    EvropaIkI EkFraSSI q U a r T E r l y E d I T I o N o N E U r o p E a N I S S U E SF I r S T p U b l I S h E d : 1 9 8 9 I S S N : 1 1 0 5 - 8 1 3 7 E U r o 5 y E a r 2 2 v o l . 8 2 J U l y - a U G U S T - S E p T E M b E r 2 0 1 1

    proprIETor - EdITIoN:

    "European Society, politics, Ex-

    pression, Institutions", non profit

    Making Company

    54 omirou St., athens 106 72

    Tel.: +30 210 3643224

    Fax: +30 210 3646953

    E-mail: [email protected]

    http://www.ekfrasi.gr

    EdITor - pUblIShEr by laW:

    Nicos yannis

    pUblIShING dIrECTor:

    Eleni katsampouka

    Giorgos pantelias

    Maria Fanou

    dIrECTIoN:

    katerina androna

    CoNTrIbUTorS:

    Chr. alexopoulos

    . atsimanis

    v. Makrakis

    v. Maragos

    M. Modinos

    M. Myla

    Ch. papassotiriou

    d. Stassinopoulos

    Ch. harakas

    TEChNICal advISor:

    hliea

    pUblIC rElaTIoNS

    iForce Communications Sa

    4 Editorial.........................................................................................................................................5

    Byzantium Greece europe

    4US and byzantium ......................................................................................................................6 Charalampos Papasotiriou

    4 In the shadow of byzantium. S. Getchev, od. Elitis, G. Theotokas: the path of a Greek-bulgarian literary friendship in european background ...................7 Vassilis Maragkos 4history: What is Greece? ...................................................................................................... 14 from the journal Evropaikos Eranistis, published in 1842 4The survival of Greek conciousnesss and the false romanity of the people of byzantium ................................................................................................... 22 Kyriakos Katsimanis

    Latest news

    4Multipolarity in world affairs and EU / China relations .................................................. 24 Dinos Stasinopoulos

    comparative studies

    4Technology of information and communication in teachers training. personal experience from the United arab Emirates ..................................................... 26 Vassilis Makrakis

    opINIoNS

    4democracy, politics and social values ............................................................................... 28 Christos Alexopoulos

    EpEkENa hora

    4 edited by Charilaos harakas, Michalis Modinos and Maria Mila ................................. 32

    4Whats going on in Europe .................................................................................................... 39 4Mistakes .................................................................................................................................... 43 4 European Expression News .................................................................................................. 44

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  • 24

    . 82 3 2011

    Multipolarity in world affairs and EU/China relations

    by dinos Stasinopoulos, Formerly with the European Commission

    The World Economic order in which the United States has had by far the biggest influence is changing: a multipolar world is evolv-ing with profound implications for Europe and the rest of the world. The dollars role as the worlds main reserve currency is be-ing challenged and a major shift in the distribution of power away from the west towards other regions of the world is taking place. The main driver for the redistibution has been globalisation and the developments in new the emerging markets. at the same time the traditional concept of state power has been redefined from military might to economic weight.

    In the early 1990s the world be-gan to acknowledge China s in-creased status in world affairs. Chi-nas Gdp has grown more than ten percent annually over a dec-ade and Chinese goods are flooding the world markets.Fast growing ex-ports have allowed China to build a resilient command/ control econo-my and associate economically with important raw material producers. China has recently concluded deals with brazil, russia,venezuela and France and several african coun-tries. These agreements give China guaranteed supplies of oil, minerals, and other strategic resources that are essential to continuing economic growth.. as a result of all these, the rising economic and strategic pow-er of China introduced a new Chi-nas low diplomatic profile which

    have given her a favorable position and increased clout on the interna-tional scene. Furthermore the fiscal problems caused by US foreign pol-icies have made the Chinese model of economic development attractive to developing nations especially in africa and latin america.

    In light of these developments, multipolarity is gaining acceptance in world affairs;

    Multipolarity refers to a global distribution of power where coun-tries share roughly equal influences in world affairs and deal with global problems through cooperation. The multi-polar world that many emerg-ing countries envisage consists of several major players while recog-nising the important weight that is carried by China. Since power has become multi-dimensional, no sin-

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  • 25

    . 82 3 2011

    gle country will continue to be dom-inant in all fields: economic, political and military.

    Two tendencies in world affairs are present: one led by the US to preserve unipolarity and the basic architecture of the existing economic/financial or-der and the other, the rest of the world, representing forces to replace it with multipolarity.The US approach has been variously described as unipolar and hegemonic.

    The US administration pro-vides no evidence that the US approach to world affairs is changing towards the multipolar point of view. various statements by his offi-cials ignore multipolarity and empha-sise cooperation among a greater num-ber of countries to reduce competition. Furthermore there are substantial re-publican voices reflecting neo-con con-cepts such as the simplistic binary con-cept of black versus white, which is still popular among conservative US think tanks. In those circles, there is the per-ception that globalisation is still being led by the US and their allies in a drive to create a new economic order con-trolled by Wall Street, its stock ex-changes, investment banks and other economic centres.

    Currently the world is in the process of transformation. From the reform of economic and political institutions to the development of key bilateral rela-tions and multilateral frameworks. The fast evolving global economy requires ideas and knowledge to reform the in-ternational economic/financial order through multipolarity.The US, EU and China alone are not capable of solv-ing global problems while multipolar-ity based largely on multilateralism is the rising trend in international affairs.

    In this context, the role of the EU/China relations is of paramount impor-tance. Chinas relations with the Euro-

    pean Union have drawn so close over the past twenty-five years that some analysts refer to an emerging EU-Chi-na axis.

    EU relations with China were es-tablished in 1975 and are governed by the 1985 EU-China Trade and Cooper-ation agreement and several other le-gally binding agreements. Compared to the US Europe has shunned confron-tation, preferring dialogue with China over such concern as trade deficit. It is evident that in EU/China relations, eco-nomic issues have largely replaced se-curity and strategic issues. Trade and economic cooperation serve as the ba-sis for the EU-China partnership.

    The EU is Chinas biggest trading partner while China is the EUs largest source of imports and second largest two-way trading partner. In 2003 a EU/China strategic partnership was launched. To reflect the depth and breath of the link, the EU and China decided in 2010 to upgrade their bilateral relations in foreign affairs such as the global economic recovery and climate change. Summits and regular dialogues are held every year, including over 50 sectoral dialogues.

    The rapid growth of China has caused anxieties in terms of competi-tion for trade and investment opportu-

    nities in Europe and tend to see trade disputes through commercial and mer-cantile lenses. on balance, most Euro-pean countries see Chinas economic rise an opportunity not a threat since they believe that the deeper the eco-nomic transactions, the less the chance of political or economic conflict.

    a change in the economic order to-wards multipolarity will be one of the most important issues for the 21st cen-tury.

    China and the EU have been in the forefront in their support of multipo-larity for some time. They share a world perspective that multipolarity can pro-vide an effective constraint on unipolar tendencies displaced so far by the US. Chinas biggest challenge is to recon-cile rapid economic development with the need to take full account of its im-pact on the world stage.

    The EU and China, with help from other emerging countries should be in a position to counteract tendencies to preserve the existing economic order and unipolarity.

    however recent policy changes towards a multipolar world is unlikely to be entirely smooth. Concerns about Chinas economy may diminish as China begins to assume its inevitable role as one of the worlds largest marketplaces and the rest of the world will inevitably soften their view of a Chinese threat.

    It is of paramount importance for the EU to engage more with China in the management of the world economy by encouraging China to play a con-structive role in international affairs consistent with her status as a global power. It is hoped that the new PCA now under negotiation will be an up-date of the 1985 agreement, will con-solidate what has been achieved so far and redefine EU/China relations in the 21st century.

    It is of paramount im-portance for the EU to engage more with China in the man-agement of the world econ-omy by encouraging China to play a constructive role in international affairs consist-ent with her status as a global power.

  • 26

    . 82 3 2011

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