EUROPEAN EXPLORATIONS

They Came, They Saw, They Conquered

European Contact and

Exploration

Why did exploration occur?

Who Explored?How did they explore

And what Happened?

When?

Beginning in the late 15th century, Europeans began traveling to the new world.

Exploration was not easy. Voyages were expensive and the routes were

uncertain. The conditions in the new world were extreme.

Many of the Europeans died of disease or starvation.

Why did exploration occur?

Wealth and fame for countrySpread their religionGain more land for their countryAdventure!

The search for better trade routes!

Europeans were searching for a trade route to Asia Asian goods were currently under the control of

Arab traders This caused the spices and other items to be

very expensive The first to locate a safe and fast way to reach

Asia would control all trade between Europe and Asia

Christopher ColumbusSpain1492Search for a trade route, looking for riches. Cuba, Jamaica, parts of Central America

What happened after Columbus and his voyage? After Christopher reached the new world,

stories of the land began to spread. Stories of GOLD and other riches spread.

The stories stated that the civilizations living in the Americas had streets paved with gold.

Exaggerations encouraged others to explore.

Each European country had different reasons for Coming to the

New World

All Water Route to Asia going West Religious

Wealth/Gold & Riches Defense Against other Countries

John CabotEnglish Exploration

1497-1498 Competition for land Search for wealth Coast of North America to Carolinas Claimed the coast for England

Early Explorations 1500-1530

Amerigo Vespucci-Italy- South America

Balboa-Spain-area of Panama, Pacific Ocean

Magellan-Spain-Sailed around the globe

Pizzaro- Spain- South America

Early Exploration of Georgia

Most early exploration of the southeast was done by the Spanish.

The Mississippian Culture -who the first Europeans met when they arrived.

But artifacts suggest that entire towns were uninhabited as early as 1540.

Explorers brought horses and guns to the new world.

Spanish Conquistadors (conquerors)1513-1542

1. Juan Ponce de Leon Fountain of Youth, Florida Found the Gulf Stream as it pushed him backward

as he tried to sail south to Caribbean First Spanish on North American mainland

2. Vasquez de Ayllon First to set foot in Georgia Brought slaves and wanted to settle the land San Miguel de Gualdape around Sapelo Island Bad weather, Ayllon died, others died or revolted

Hernando DeSoto

First explorations in the interior of Georgia-1539Purpose of the exploration was the search for

gold and a new trade route Into SW Georgia Party was large and well equipped- 620 men and

223 horses. First to cross Appalachian Mountains into TN Searched for gold and riches

DeSoto and the Native Americans

Exploited the Native Americans – made friends, then often robbed them or killed them.

Wanted to conquer the Native Americans Native Americans could not defend

themselves against guns, many were killed or forced into slavery.

Exposed to diseases that killed them. Helped end the Mississippian culture.

French Explorations

In 1562 France sent Jean Ribault, and other explorers to North America in search of gold.

Landed in Florida and made their way to what is now South Carolina and started a colony called Charlesfort.

They ran out of food and supplies, so they sent a ship back to France for more supplies. When the ship returned, the settlers were gone.

France also founded a colony in Fort Caroline in Florida in 1564.

French Explorations

Also wanted a colony for religious freedom Huguenots- French Protestants Spanish destroyed Fort Caroline to stop

competition over land and wealth France abandons the Southeast Moved to the interior into

Ohio River Valley Mississippi River Valley Great Lakes Region

Spain

Destroyed Fort Caroline to stop the competition with France over the wealth in the new world.

1568 built the first missions Missions-built to spread Catholicism and

integrate Native Americans into a new society ruled by Spanish

Gave Spain control over them.

More Spanish presence

Wanted to convert the natives to Catholicism Early missions were built on the barrier

islands, since easier for ships to access San Simeon Santa Catalina de Guale

Native Americans used the missions to help them learn the language and learn how to trade with with Europeans

Spain continued

Allowed the local chiefs to continue to rule over their tribes, but they were to answer to colonial government.

Spain hoped to control the Native Americans through the missions.

Missions also used as a trading post for the Native Americans and the Europeans.

Mission period ended in 1684 due to declining populations of the Native Americans, due to illness, as well as slave revolts and English raids.

England

England, under the rule of Queen Elizabeth I

(1558-1603) She was a Protestant Protestants enemies of the Catholics (Spain) Phillip II of Spain built the Spanish Armada in an

attempt to attack the British fleet. 1588 Britain defeated the Spanish Armada This fight would continue in the new world

English- Mercantilism Economic plan to make money Small country, wanted to expand land Establish a colony to create a market for a

country’s exports. Colony also provides the parent country with

raw materials to increase trade and gold. Government controls trade and transfers money

from colony to mother country.

England

Defeat of the Spanish Armada and English dominance allowed the English to begin exploration of North America

Came to America hoping for gold Also sought to trade copper and furs, and

enslaved Native Americans Slave trade resulted in many deaths of

Native Americans in Georgia

So Whose Land is This Anyway?

What about the Native Americans?

At first Native Americans were fairly cooperative

Life was hard for the European explorers, not familiar with the crops. Native Americans taught them how to grow food like maize (corn).

Horses and guns they traded for helped with travel and hunting (also protection).

Creeks traded with English and fought against Spanish, ALLIES

After Spanish and French left, English had a monopoly.

Summary of Interaction with the Native Americans

Europeans brought with them to the new world: Tools, guns, horses, and diseases. European countries felt it was their duty to spread

Christianity Christian Missionaries- someone sent by a church to a

foreign country to spread its faith

Some Europeans were kind to the Native Americans. Native Americans showed them how to grow new crops.

Europeans began enslaving many of the Native Americans

Eventually much of the Native population died due to disease. This required the Europeans to look for another source of workers to enslave.

Chapter 3 Terms to Know

Conquistadors – Conquerors (Spanish) Huguenots – French Protestants Mercantilism – England’s economic ability

to control trade and attempt to transfer wealth from the colonies to the parent country

Mission- a religious settlement Maize- Native American corn

Ticket out the Door

3-THREE COUNTRIES WHO EXPLORED THE NEW WORLD (IN ORDER),

2- TWO REASONS WHY THEY CAME,

1- ONE SPANISH EXPLORER WHO WAS THE FIRST TO EXPLORE GA