Europe and Europe and RussiaRussia

Part 3Part 3The Middle AgesThe Middle Ages

The Middle AgesThe Middle Ages

After the collapse of the Roman Empire, After the collapse of the Roman Empire, much of Europe entered the much of Europe entered the MIDDLE MIDDLE AGESAGES – a time where knowledge and – a time where knowledge and learning decreased.learning decreased.

Over time, most of Europe broke up into Over time, most of Europe broke up into many different kingdoms.many different kingdoms.

Most people were poor and uneducated.Most people were poor and uneducated. Under a system called Under a system called FEUDALISMFEUDALISM, Lords , Lords

and Nobles along with the Catholic Church and Nobles along with the Catholic Church dominated life.dominated life.

The exact dates of the Middle Ages are up The exact dates of the Middle Ages are up for debate. Many historians think they run for debate. Many historians think they run roughly from the fall of Rome in 476 AD, to roughly from the fall of Rome in 476 AD, to the end of the Renaissance and beginning the end of the Renaissance and beginning of the Protestant Reformation in the early of the Protestant Reformation in the early 1500s—approximately 1,000 years.1500s—approximately 1,000 years.

The Middle Ages are sometimes broken The Middle Ages are sometimes broken down into three smaller time frames.down into three smaller time frames.– The Early Middle AgesThe Early Middle Ages– The High Middle AgesThe High Middle Ages– The Late Middle AgesThe Late Middle Ages

The Early Middle AgesThe Early Middle Ages

Of the three periods, this one is sometimes called the DARK AGES. It runs from the 5th century to the 10th

century, and saw the aftermath of the fall of Rome, and more invasions from outside forces such as Germanic tribes

and the Vikings. Western Europe’s population fell, and trade declined.

At this time, the Islamic movement began At this time, the Islamic movement began on the Arabian Peninsula, and started to on the Arabian Peninsula, and started to

spread into former Roman lands.spread into former Roman lands.

Charles MartelCharles Martela.k.a.a.k.a.

Charles the HammerCharles the Hammer

“The Hammer” has gone down in history for being the leader

who stopped the advance of invading

Muslim forces in France, therefore helping Europe to remain Christian.

The Battle of Tours – 732The Battle of Tours – 732

The High Middle AgesThe High Middle Ages

This time period lasted from the 11th century to the end of the 13th century.

It saw a rebound in Europe’s population, military expansion, and

the spread of Christianity. There was also an increase in ENCASTELLATION , or the number of castles being built for defensive purposes, and control

over the local population.

Many Castles Remain Throughout Many Castles Remain Throughout EuropeEurope

Germany Slovenia Scotland England

Czech Rep. Romania Ireland France

The CrusadesThe Crusades

In the 1000s, many Western and In the 1000s, many Western and Eastern Europeans wanted to take Eastern Europeans wanted to take the city of Jerusalem and the “Holy the city of Jerusalem and the “Holy Land” back from the Muslims.Land” back from the Muslims.

Christians from all over Europe Christians from all over Europe gathered to fight the gathered to fight the CRUSADESCRUSADES which were fought between 1095 which were fought between 1095 and 1291.and 1291.

The Crusades were a series of wars fought to retake Jerusalem and the Holy Land.

During and after the Crusades were During and after the Crusades were over, Europeans were exposed to new over, Europeans were exposed to new goods, which were brought home with goods, which were brought home with

them. Clothing made from silk and them. Clothing made from silk and cotton was introduced. New food cotton was introduced. New food

items like oranges, lemons, dates, etc. items like oranges, lemons, dates, etc. were introduced. Spices such as were introduced. Spices such as

pepper and cinnamon, livened up the pepper and cinnamon, livened up the food Europeans were eating. The food Europeans were eating. The desire for products like these and desire for products like these and

many others, directly led to Europeans many others, directly led to Europeans traveling and trading more often.traveling and trading more often.

Marco Polo and the journeys of his Marco Polo and the journeys of his relatives.relatives.

Italian cities Italian cities such as such as

Venice and Venice and Genoa were Genoa were

major major centers of centers of trade, and trade, and

became became very very

wealthy.wealthy.

The Late Middle AgesThe Late Middle Ages

This time period covers approximately the 14th and 15th centuries. It is noted for being a time when Europe’s growth and progress slowed down. It was also a time of famine and disease which killed off anywhere from 1/3 to 1/2 of Europe’s population. Despite

these problems, there was a renewed interest in what the Greeks and Romans had done, and there was progress in the

area of arts and sciences.

Europe in 1328Europe in 1328

The The Black Black Death Death spread spread rapidly rapidly

between between 1348 1348 and and

1350.1350.

Could a massive plague return?Could a massive plague return?

In the 1300s Europe went through the In the 1300s Europe went through the RENAISSANCERENAISSANCE or rebirth of learning and or rebirth of learning and the arts.the arts.

The influences of Greek and Roman culture The influences of Greek and Roman culture came back.came back.

Writers described human feelings, artists Writers described human feelings, artists created lifelike paintings and sculptures, created lifelike paintings and sculptures, and architects designed nonreligious and architects designed nonreligious buildings.buildings.

The RenaissanceThe Renaissance

The Renaissance started in Italy, and The Renaissance started in Italy, and occurred from the 1300s – 1600s.occurred from the 1300s – 1600s.

The Last SupperThe Last Supper

TheTheMona LisaMona Lisa

is consideredis considereda a

masterpiece masterpiece of the of the

Renaissance.Renaissance.

In 1054, the Great In 1054, the Great Schism took place, Schism took place,

dividing dividing Christianity into a Christianity into a Western Branch Western Branch

(Roman (Roman Catholicism), and Catholicism), and an Eastern Branch an Eastern Branch

(Eastern (Eastern Orthodoxy). The Orthodoxy). The divide occurred divide occurred

for 5 main for 5 main reasons:reasons:

*Doctrine*Doctrine*Theology*Theology*Language*Language*Politics*Politics

*Geography*Geography

The Break Up of ChristianityThe Break Up of Christianity

The ReformationThe Reformation

For nearly a thousand years, the Catholic For nearly a thousand years, the Catholic church had dominated life in Western church had dominated life in Western Europe.Europe.

Some people began to question the power Some people began to question the power and authority of the Church, and wanted to and authority of the Church, and wanted to “reform” it.“reform” it.

Protests against the church, led to Protests against the church, led to PROTESTANTPROTESTANT churches beginning to churches beginning to flourish in parts of Europe.flourish in parts of Europe.

Martin Luther and his 95 Theses, Martin Luther and his 95 Theses, or questions for the Church.or questions for the Church.

After the After the ReformatioReformatio

n, large n, large numbers of numbers of Europeans Europeans

joined joined other other

Christian Christian sects.sects.