Europe

Notes on Europe• Spain: Latin America, bullfights,tourism, festivals • Germany: WWII, BMW, Oktoberfest, Berlin Wall

• Summary:

• V

Europe • Celts-Druids• Greece• Roman Empire• Roman Catholic Church• Knights, castles and wars

with the Middle East (Crusades)

• Renaissance • Artistic movements –

Classical Music• Colonization/Imperialism• W.W.I • W.W.II• Divided Europe (Berlin Wall) • EU (European Union) Euro

United Kingdom (U.K.) England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland

a.k.a. Great Britain

UNITED KINGDOM (U.K)

Great Britain• Royal Family• Colonized the world ( the whole world

speaks English)• USA ‘s mother country• Winner WWII• USA ‘s best friend• World power both economically and

militarily

World Leaders

Strongest Militaries• 1. USA• 2. Russia• 3. China• 4. India• 5. United Kingdom• 6. France

Largest Economies• 1.USA• 2.China• 3.Japan• 4.Germany• 5.France • 6.United Kingdom• 7.Brazil

Catholic(follow the Pope)- Protestants are churches that “protested” against the Pope and started

their own churches

Ireland

Scandinavian countries: Denmark (Danes) Norway,

Sweden, Finland

Vikings: Leif Ericson sails to America (Canada) around the year 1000 A.D. (about 500 years before

Columbus)

France

Netherlands (Holland) Dutch

Germany (Duetchland)

EUROPE: after W.W.II

Switzerland

Austria

Austria/Australia

Austria

Australia

The ROMAN EMPIRE

Vatican City: Center of the Catholic Church. Smallest country in the world. Home to hundreds of pieces

of Renaissance art

PORTUGAL

GREECE• All male citizens

regardless of wealth could participate

• Equal protection under the law

• All could serve on assembly

• Assembly elects the generals

• Members served as the juries

• Could vote to Ostracize

EUROPE: after W.W.II

Poland

Czech Republic (Prague)

Similarities: Eastern European countries

• Fertile river valleys (Danube)• Much agriculture• Mining• Heavy industry (iron, coal,

natural gas)• Not much Tourism• Invaded in W.W.II• Soviet Union forced

communism on them from 1945-1989

• Government Control of Media Secret police, atheism, no foreign travel, barbed wire

• Pollution• Economies behind countries in

western Europe due to the 45 years of communism

Romania

The Balkans: The “powder keg” of Europe

-Lots of different countries-Lots of different religions

-Lots of fighting

Karl Marx• German political writer 1818-1883• Disgusted by the living and working

conditions of the poor factory workers• Writer of a book entitled the

“Communist Manifesto”• Ideas included: throughout history

there have been class struggles between the rich (bourgeoisie) and the workers (proletariat)

• said that the rich would always use capitalism to write laws to stay in power

• Said that the workers of the world need to unite together and have a revolution to overthrow capitalism

• The communist leaders would then set up a “communist system where all private ownership would be abolished

• All factories and farmland would be owned by the state (government) or in common

• In this system everyone would have a job, adequate housing, healthcare, access to education, in essence be equal

Capitalism Communism (socialism)

• Individuals (private citizens) own the means of production i.e. Phelps/Dodge mining company, Ford Motor Company, Nike, Coca Cola, Southwest Airlines, McDonalds, Hilton hotels, apartment complexes, thousands of acres of farmland, basically everything

• Private individuals own the housing so people have to pay rent or buy

• Private citizens own the hospitals or insurance companies so you have to pay for healthcare

• Many schools are private - Harvard, Stanford, Duke University so students have to pay thousands in tuition

• Banks loan money so you can borrow “capital” to start your own business and make millions

• Winners (rich) Losers (poor)• The rich influence lawmakers to stay

in power• It is very hard for the workers to go to

college, borrow money so some say that the system is unfair

• Government or state control the factories (government controls all trains, mining, factories, restaurants, hotels, etc.) workers work for the government

• Government owns all housing so no one is homeless

• Government owns all the hospitals – free healthcare

• Government controls all schools – free tuition

• No banks, no advertising, no commercials because no one is trying to become rich

• you can’t own your own company and then create a chain of stores to become rich

• No one is motivated to become rich so they don’t make thousands of stores – so there aren’t lots of things to buy

• Think of the cereal aisle in an American grocery store – in a communist country Cuba) there might be only white boxes that read “Corn Flakes”

From SOVIET UNION (USSR) to RUSSIA

Russia/ SOVIET UNION

Russia 900-1917 Soviet Union 1917-1991

Russia 1991-present

Countries created since the break-up of the Soviet Union

EU (European Union)