euro cat cscl paul kirschner
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
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Can we afford CSCL?
…and do we have the TIME?
Paul A. Kirschner
Open Universiteit Nederland
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Affordances
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Affordance???
Possibility for action• reciprocal relation• perception-action coupling (you
perceive something and thus you do something)
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In other words, while an object can offer an opportunity, it
does not have an affordance
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What is CSCL?
• Learning• With others (Collaboration)• Supported by a computer network
contiguous learning group
asynchronous distributed learning
group
PLACE
TIMEasynchronous
time deferred
synchronous
co-presence
sameplace co-located
distributeddifferent
place
Problem-basedlearninggroups
(Electronic) projectrooms
Videoconferencing
Threadeddiscussion lists
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Premise 1
Artifacts and ourperception of theminfluence our behavior
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Premise 2
Behavior is determined by:• Culture• Material• Technology
In other words: Behavior is context-bound
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Premise 3
Education is always a combination of technological, social and pedagogic/educational affordances
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Educational
groupresponsibility
individualresponsibility
externalcontrol
internalcontrol
constructedtask
authentictask
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interdependence positive negative none
interaction promotive oppositional none
affordances acceptance, support, trust, liking
rejection, distrust, disliking
none
activitiesinformation exchange,
mutual influence, resource utilization
no or misleading communication
none
emotional involvement
high low none
cooperative competitive individualistic
Social
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Presence
Trust
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Cohesiveness / Group forming
Form Storm Norm Perform Adjourn
Belonging
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(Tele)proximity
Archetypical Social Affordance Devices
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Technical
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What’s time got to do with it?
Social awareness• Presence – Being aware of others• Cohesiveness – Group forming takes time• Trust – Needs to be built• Belonging – Feeling must grow
+ = Intermediate variables + = Variables not included in the research = Direct influence = Conditional or supporting effect
Closed‐Loop Communication
Attitudes & Beliefs
CoordinatingMechanisms
BehavioralComponents
DevelopmentalPerspective
Team Effectiveness
Team Orientation
Team Leadership
Mutual Performance Monitoring
Back-Up Behavior
Adaptability
Shared Mental Models
Mutual Trust
Psychological Safety
Forming Storming Norming Performing 1 Reforming Performing 2 Conforming
First meeting Phase 1 Transition Phase 2
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What’s time got to do with it?
Educational awareness• Transaction costs
– Communication– Coordination
• Benefits– Effectiveness– Efficiency– Understanding
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Elegant?
Unshared knowledge
External knowledge
Externalisation
Shared knowledge
Internalisation
Shared formalism
Negotiation process
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Negotiation Tool
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What’s time got to do with it?
Technological opportunities and constraints – Platform features– Synchronicity– Bandwidth– Mobility
Platform features + Learner features=
Learning AFFORDANCE
How can CSCL be optimized by proper usage of
technological, educational and social affordances?
Analyze the combination of
educational, social, and technological
affordances for collaborative learning.
Design CSCL (environments) and tools for optimizing (the perception of)
affordances for learning.
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Learner / user experience
Support / affordances
Constraints / conventions
How can we support what they do?What affordances are needed?
What are the physical, logical and cultural limitations encountered?
What do learners actually do?What do learners want to do?
Learner / user perceptions
Learner / user experience
Learning
How does the learner perceive the support?
How does the learner actually use the support?
What has the learner / learning group actually achieved?
Moltes gràcies / Muchas gracias / Kiitos paljon / Merci beaucoup /
Hartelijk bedankt / Thanks