EUKARYOTIC CELLS

Plants, Animals, Fungi & Protists

What are the 3 tenets (BIG IDEAS) of the Cell Theory?

• 1.) All living things have cells.

• 2.) Cells are the most basic unit of structure and function in living things.

• 3.) All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Eukaryotic Example

Plant Cell

Nuclear envelope

Ribosome (attached)

Ribosome (free)

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Nucleus

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Nucleolus

Golgi apparatus

Mitochondrion

Cell wall

Cell Membrane

Chloroplast

Vacuole

Section 7-2

Internal Organization

• Cells contain ORGANELLES.

– Are cell components that PERFORM SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS FOR THE CELL.

Cellular Organelles

• 1.) The Plasma membrane – The boundary of the

cell. – Composed of two

distinct layers. • Three distinct regions

– It functions like a bouncer at a club. • It controls what goes

into and comes out of a cell

2.) The Nucleus

• It is the place where DNA is kept safe in the cell.

• Surrounded by a porous membrane called the nuclear envelope.

• Contains thin fibers of DNA and protein called Chromatin.

• Rod Shaped Chromosomes • Contains a small round

nucleolus – produces ribosomal RNA which

makes ribosomes.

3.) Ribosomes

• Small non-membrane bound organelles.

• Contain two sub units

• Site of protein synthesis.

• It is the protein factory of the cell

• Either free floating or attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum.

4.) Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Complex network of transport channels.

• Two types:

1. Smooth- 1. Has no ribosomes.

2. Makes lipids for the cell

2. Rough – 1. Has ribosomes

2. Transports proteins to the golgi apparatus.

5.) Golgi Apparatus

• A series of flattened sacs that modifies, packages, stores, and transports materials out of the cell.

• Works with the ribosomes and Endoplasmic Reticulum.

6.) Lysosomes

• Is a Recycling Center – It recycles cellular trash

• It is a membrane bound organelle containing a variety of enzymes.

• Acts like the garbage collector of a cell

• Help digest food particles inside or out side the cell.

7.) Centrioles

• Found only in animal cells

• Have a role in building cilia and flagella

• Play a role in cellular reproduction

Cell membrane

Endoplasmic reticulum

Microtubule

Microfilament

Ribosomes Mitochondrion

Cytoskeleton

8.) Cytoskeleton

• It is the framework of the cell

• Contains small microfilaments and larger microtubules.

• They support the cell, giving it its shape and help with the movement of its organelles.

9.) Mitochondrion

• It’s the size of a bacterium

• Contains its own DNA

• Produces energy for the cell in the form of ATP

10.) The Chloroplast

• Found in plants, algae and cyanobacteria

• Makes food for the cell using energy from sunlight.

11.) The Vacuole

• Sacs that help in food digestion, storage and helping the cell maintain its water balance.

• Found mostly in plants and protists.

12.) Cell Wall

• Extra structure surrounding its plasma membrane in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria.

• Made of cellulose in Plants

• Made of chitin in Fungi

• Made of peptidoglycan in some Bacteria