Eukaryotic CellsIt’s what you are made of!

Organelles all Eukaryotes share

• Nucleus• Ribosomes• Endoplasmic reticulum• Golgi apparatus• Lysosomes• Vacuoles• Mitochondria• Cytoplasm• Cytoskeleton• Cell membrane

Nucleus• Contains the DNA that holds the genetic

code for making proteins

• The DNA is held on strands called chromosomes

• The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear envelope

 

 

Ribosomes• Ribosomes can float freely in the cytoplasm

or be attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

• They assemble the proteins for the cell

Think:

Analogy- if the cell was a city what would the ribosomes be?

Endoplasmic reticulum • Lipids are made in the ER

• Both lipids and proteins are transported through the ER to the outside of the cell.

 

Golgi apparatus • It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

and other materials

• These materials are either stored in the golgi apparatus or secreted out of the cell

think:

Analogy- if the cell was a city what would the golgi apparatus be?

Lysosomes• Small organelles filled with enzymes

• The enzymes breakdown large compounds such as lipids, carbohydrates and proteins.

• The cell then reuses the smaller compounds to make new ones

 

 

Vacuoles & cytoplasm • Vacuoles store water, salt, proteins and Vacuoles store water, salt, proteins and

carbohydrates carbohydrates

• Vacuoles also serve as support structures Vacuoles also serve as support structures in plantsin plants

• The cytoplasm is the fluid that fills the cell The cytoplasm is the fluid that fills the cell in which all the other organelles float. in which all the other organelles float.

Mitochondria • Mitochondria convert chemical energy

stored in food into smaller compounds

• Respiration occurs in the mitochondria

think:

Analogy- if the cell was a city what would the mitochondria be?

Cell membrane & cytoskeleton

• The cell membrane is the boundary between the cell and it’s environment

• The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that help the cell keep its shape

Chloroplasts • Chloroplasts are found only in plant cells

and a few protists

• Photosynthesis, the process that converts solar energy to chemical energy, occurs here

Summary

1. Which organelle makes proteins for the cell?

2. Which organelle breaks apart large molecules?

3. Which organelle sorts and packages materials for the cell?