etude interuniversitaire portant sur le financement

HAL Id: hal-00838152https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00838152

Submitted on 24 Jun 2013

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Etude interuniversitaire portant sur le financementcomplémentaire et différencié des institutions de

l’enseignement supérieur en FédérationWallonie-Bruxelles

Marc Demeuse, Nathanaël Friant, Geneviève Hindryckx, Kheder Louay,Dominique Lafontaine, Jean-Paul Lambert, Stéphanie Malaise, Quentin

Pasetti, Michèle Taymans, Magali Verdonck

To cite this version:Marc Demeuse, Nathanaël Friant, Geneviève Hindryckx, Kheder Louay, Dominique Lafontaine, et al..Etude interuniversitaire portant sur le financement complémentaire et différencié des institutions del’enseignement supérieur en Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles. 2013, 159 p. + annexes. �hal-00838152�

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00838152

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr

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Institution Pourcentage

NÓWpkxgtukvfi"fg"Nkflig"*WNi+" 26,28 %

NÓWpkxgtukvfi"ecvjqnkswg"fg"Nqwxckp"*WEN+" 30,82 %

NÓWpkxgtukvfi"nkdtg"fg"Dtwzgnngu"*WND+"" 25,07 %

NÓWpkxgtukvfi"fg"Oqpu"*WOQPU+ 7,39 %

Les Facultés universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix à Namur (FUNDP) 7,20 %

Les Facultés universitaires Saint-Louis à Bruxelles (FUSL) 1,59 %

Les Facultés universitaires catholiques de Mons (FUCaM) 1,65 %

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Groupes Fqockpgu"fÓfivwfgu"eqortku"fcpu"ng"itqwrg Pondération

par étudiant

Groupe A

Philosophie, théologie, langues et lettres, histoire art et archéologie, information et communication, sciences politiques et sociales, sciences juridiques, criminologie, sciences économiques et de gestion, traduction et interprétation, uekgpegu"ru{ejqnqikswgu"gv"fg"nÓfifwecvkqp0

1

Groupe B

Sciences de la oqvtkekvfi."uekgpegu."ctv"gv"uekgpegu"fg"nÓctv15. Premier cycle en sciences médicales, sciences de la santé publique, sciences vétérinaires. Rtgokgt"e{eng"jqtoku"nc"fgtpkfltg"cppfig"fÓfivwfgu"gp"uekgpegu"fgpvcktgu."sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques, sciences agronomiques et kpifipkgtkg"dkqnqikswg."uekgpegu"fg"nÓkpifipkgwt0

2

Groupe C

Deuxième cycle en sciences médicales, sciences de la santé publique, sciences vétérinaires, sciences dentaires, sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques, sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique, sciences de nÓkpifipkgwt0" Nc"vtqkukflog"cppfig"fÓfivwfgu"du premier cycle en sciences dentaires, sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques, sciences agronomiques et ingénierie dkqnqikswg."uekgpegu"fg"nÓkpifipkgwt0"

3

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Groupe Ecvfiiqtkg"fÓgpugkipgogpv Pondération par étudiant

A Catégorie économique en un cycle 1

B Catégorie économique en deux cycles et catégorie technique en un cycle 1,1

C Catégorie agronomique en un cycle et catégorie sociale en un et deux cycles 1,15

D Catégorie des arts appliqués 1,2

E Catégorie de traduction et interprétariat 1,45

F Catégorie paramédicale en un et deux cycles 1,5

G Catégorie pédagogique et catégories agronomique et technique en deux cycles

1,65

H Formation pédagogique des futurs enseignants (type long) dans la catégorie économique

0,5

I Formation au CAPAES (type long) dans la catégorie économique 0,5

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Réseau Ecole supérieure des Arts

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Conservatoire royal de Liège

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FASE

établissement FASE

implantation Type

d'établissement Type

d'enseignement Catégorie d'études

N Valide 85.041 85.041 85.041 85.041 85.041

Manquante 0 0 0 0 0

% Valide 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

!

Année et cycle

fÓfivwfg Sexe

Date de naissance

Nationalité au regard du

financement

Modalité d'inscription au regard du financement

N Valide 85.041 85.041 85.041 82.840 63.679

Manquante 0 0 0 2201 21.362

% Valide 100% 100% 100% 97,41% 74,88%

!

Première

génération Régulier ou

libre Boursier

Condition modeste

Année fÓqdvgpvkqp"fw"

CESS

N Valide 80.174 83.867 82.331 84.750 23.865

Manquante 4.867 1.174 2.710 291 61.176

% Valide 94,28% 98,62% 96,81% 99,66% 28,06%

!

Type de secondaire obligatoire

suivi

Résultats en fin d'année

Diplôme délivré lors de

cette année académique

Titre d'accès à la 1ère année

du cycle

N Valide 70.896 85.041 18.039 79.514

Manquante 14.145 0 67.002 5.527

% Valide 83,37% 100% 21,21% 93,5%

0%,! <^! F&,;&PE*?"! <U! $B:! %B! A$%,@*B:&O*! +*! +$BBG*?! F&E;+*?! ?%AG,;*%,! X! ^Lq"! <Q! $B:! %B!A$%,@*B:&O*!?%AG,;*%,!X!^Uq!*:!^!$P:;*BB*B:!%B!:&%J!+*!<LLq!+*!,GA$B?*?!F&E;+*?K!

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Enseignement Année d'étude

Boursier Non

boursier

Total données valides

Total étudiants

% de données valides

Hau

te E

co

le

Type court

BA1 4373 26453 30826 31652 97,39

BA2 2449 15013 17462 17894 97,59

BA3 1968 11338 13306 13718 97,00

Total 8790 52804 61594 63264 97,36

Type long

BA1 502 3978 4480 4604 97,31

BA2 217 2205 2422 2469 98,10

BA3 224 2197 2421 2498 96,92

Total 943 8380 9323 9571 97,41

Ec

ole

Su

pé

rie

ure

de

s A

rts

Type court

BA1 14 1075 1089 1212 89,85

BA2 8 713 721 801 90,01

BA3 8 533 541 616 87,82

Total 30 2321 2351 2629 89,43

Type long

BA1 14 1002 1016 1537 66,10

BA2 26 638 664 996 66,67

BA3 19 597 616 893 68,98

Total 59 2237 2296 3426 67,02

!

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Enseignement Année d'étude

Nombre fÓfivwfkcpvu"bénéficiaire

Nombre fÓfivwfkcpvu"

non bénéficiaire

Données valides

Total étudiants


Hau

te E

co

le

Type court

BA1 81 31571 31652 31652 100,00

BA2 62 17832 17894 17894 100,00

BA3 55 13663 13718 13718 100,00

Total 198 63066 63264 63264 100,00

Type long

BA1 15 4589 4604 4604 100,00

BA2 15 2454 2469 2469 100,00

BA3 10 2488 2498 2498 100,00

Total 40 9531 9571 9571 100,00

Ec

ole

Su

pé

rie

ure

de

s A

rts

Type court

BA1 0 1148 1148 1212 94,72

BA2 0 699 699 801 87,27

BA3 0 553 553 616 89,77

Total 0 2400 2400 2629 91,29

Type long

BA1 0 1519 1519 1537 98,83

BA2 0 978 978 996 98,19

BA3 0 881 881 893 98,66

Total 0 3378 3378 3426 98,60

!

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Enseignement Première

génération

Déjà un parcours dans le

supérieur

Données valides

Total étudiants


HE - Type court 16891 14761 31652 31652 100

HE - Type long 2659 1945 4604 4604 100

ESA - Type court 596 600 1196 1212 98,7

ESA - Type long 814 716 1530 1537 99,5

!

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> 69(;;*$1!`!@Z!)%9'*$;!┺"Îß-¸Æºßœ"º╆°ºß"ıœ"ßøŒÆºÎ"Ø╆ººÎ"¸╆Îß-¸œ"œ-Æ©Æ"©"œ-Íœ"D&;?!&'&B:!$P:*B%!+*?!,G?%E:&:?!?&:;?C&;?&B:?!A$%,!&%!D$;B?!T[!@,G+;:?!?%,!SLK!

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Statut U1 U2 U3

Boursier 24,2 % 17,2 % 11,8 %

Exonéré partiel 6,4 % 5,1 % /

Réduction de okpgtxcn"ceeqtffi"rct"nÓkpuvkvwvkqp / 1,9 % /

Non boursier 69,2 % 75,3 % 88,2 %

Autres 0,3 % 0,5 % /

Total 100 % 100 % 100 %

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Pkxgcw"fÓfivwfgu"fg"nc"ofltg Pourcentage

Non renseigné 56,3

Primaire 0,0

Secondaire inférieur 3,2

Secondaire supérieur 16,7

Supérieur non universitaire de type court 15,5

Supérieur non universitaire de type long 8,3

Universitaire 0,1

Total 100,0

!

D/R81/(!2,!‒!&ÆœßøÆ-ßÆæº"¸-"ºÆ©-"¸╆Îß-¸œ"¸-"ıÍø"¸ºœ"Ø╆-º"¸œ"ßøæÆœ"-ºÆ©øœÆßÎœ!

Pkxgcw"fÓfivwfgu"du père Pourcentage

Non renseigné 57,4

Secondaire inférieur 3,3

Secondaire supérieur 16,2

Supérieur non universitaire de type court 10,5

Supérieur non universitaire de type long 12,6

Universitaire 0,1

Total 100,0

>&B?!E*?!Z&PE*&%!<S!*:!Z&PE*&%!<R"!$B!,*D&,Y%*!E*!B$DP,*!;DA$,:&B:!+*!+$BBG*?!D&BY%&B:*?!=!ıæ-ø"ıøÍœ"¸"は"Îß-¸Æºßœ"œ-ø"など┸"Ø╆ÆºæøŒßÆæº"º╆œß"ıœ"æ-øºÆ┻"2æ-ø"ßß"øÆœæº┸"Ø╆®ıØæÆßßÆæº"+*!E&!F&,;&PE*!d!ºÆ©-"¸╆Îß-¸œ!+*?!A&,*B:?!f!A&,&p:!A*%!A*,:;B*B:*K!! !

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Pkxgcw"fÓfivwfgu"fg"nc"ofltg

Uvcvwv"fg"nÓfivwfkcpv

Total Boursier

Exonéré

partiel

Non

boursier Autres

Primaire 0,2% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0%

Secondaire inférieur 13,3% 10,2% 5,1% 20,0% 7,3%

Secondaire supérieur 53,1% 53,1% 32,5% 40,0% 38,2%

Supérieur non universitaire de type court

22,7% 23,8% 40,2% 20,0% 35,3%

Supérieur non universitaire de type long

10,6% 12,2% 22,0% 20,0% 18,9%

Universitaire 0,2% 0,7% 0,2% 0,0% 0,2%

Total 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

D/R81/(!2[!‒!%øæÆœŒºß"¸œ"©øÆØœ"œßß-ß"æ-øœÆø"ß"ºÆ©-"¸╆Îß-¸œ"¸-"ıÍø!

Pkxgcw"fÓfivwfgu"fw"rfltg

Statut boursier

Total Boursier

Exonéré

partiel

Non

boursier Autres

Secondaire inférieur 13,1% 9,6% 5,8% 33,3% 7,7%

Secondaire supérieur 51,5% 50,7% 33,2% 0,0% 38,0%

Supérieur non universitaire de type court

19,7% 21,2% 26,2% 33,3% 24,6%

Supérieur non universitaire de type long

15,5% 17,8% 34,5% 33,3% 29,6%

Universitaire 0,2% 0,7% 0,3% 0,0% 0,3%

Total 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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‚ Statut boursier et ISE fg"nÓfieqng"fÓqtkikpg

#*! Z&PE*&%! ML! *:! E&! .;O%,*! [! @;2+*??$%?! ;EE%?:,*B:! E*! E;*B! *J;?:&B:! *B:,*! E*! ?:&:%:! P$%,?;*,! *:!Ø╆Æº+;@*!?$@;$2ÎæºæŒÆł-"¸"Ø╆ÎæØ"¸╆æøÆÆº"¸"Ø╆Îß-¸Æºß"¸ºœ"-º"-ºÆ©øœÆßÎ┻" D/R81/(!43!‒!%Øœœ"¸╆+5'"¸"Ø╆ÎßØÆœœŒºß"¸╆æøÆÆº"œØæº"Ø"œßß-ß"æ-øœÆø!

Classe d'indice socio-économique

Boursier Exonéré partiel

Non boursier

Autres Total

1 à 5 22,5% 27,1% 15,6% 10,0% 18,1%

6 à 10 46,6% 44,3% 43,3% 70,0% 44,3%

11 à 15 24,7% 20,7% 30,6% 10,0% 28,5%

16 à 20 6,2% 7,9% 10,4% 10,0% 9,1%

Total 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 1º"æºœßß"ł-"Øœ"Îß-¸Æºßœ"æ-øœÆøœ"Æœœ-œ"¸╆ÎæØœ"œÆß-Îœ"¸ºœ"Øœ"Øœœœ"な"²"など"œæºß"ıØ-œ"B$DP,*%J!Y%*!@*%J!;??%?!+*?!G@$E*?!?;:%G*?!+&B?!E*?!@E&??*?!<<!X!MLK!Z$%:*C$;?"!@*::*!+;CCG,*B@*!œß" ÆØ" ß" º" ıøŒß"¸æº" ıœ" ¸╆ÎßØÆø" -º" ØÆº"¸Æøß" ºßø*! @*?!+*%J! F&,;&PE*?K! #&! .;O%,*! [!ıøŒß"¸╆ÆØØ-œßø,!@*!C&;PE*!ØÆº"ºßø"Ø"œßß-ß"¸"æ-øœÆø"ß"Ø"Øœœ"¸╆+5'"¸"Ø╆ÎæØ"¸╆æøÆÆº┻!! !

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D/R81/(!42!‒!+5'"¸"Ø╆ÎæØ"¸╆æøÆÆº"º"æºßÆæº"¸-"ºÆ©-"¸╆Îß-¸œ"¸"Ø"ŒÍø!

Classe fÓKUG

Secondaire inférieur

Secondaire supérieur

Supérieur non

universitaire de type court

Supérieur non

universitaire de type long

Universitaire Inconnu Total

1 à 5 25,2% 20,8% 10,8% 9,9% 25,0% 20,5% 18,1%

6 à 10 46,6% 46,3% 44,7% 40,9% 0,0% 44,1% 44,3%

11 à 15 21,4% 24,4% 34,6% 39,2% 75,0% 26,3% 28,5%

16 à 20 6,9% 8,4% 10,0% 9,9% 0,0% 9,1% 9,1%

Total 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

g,w@*!&%!Z&PE*&%!M<"!$B!A*%:!@$B?:&:*,!Y%*!+&B?!@*::*!;B?:;:%:;$B"!E&!D&V$,;:G!+*?!G:%+;&B:?!+$B:!Ø"ºÆ©-"¸╆Îß-¸œ"Ø"ıØ-œ"ÎØ©Î"¸"Ø"ŒÍø"œß"Ø╆ºœÆºŒºß"œæº¸Æø"æºß"ÎßÎ"œæØøÆœÎœ"¸ºœ"¸œ"ÎßØÆœœŒºßœ"¸╆ºœÆºŒºß"œæº¸Æø"¸æºß"Ø"Øœœ"¸╆+5'"œß"œÆß-Î"ºß,*!<!*:!<LK!#*?!Îß-¸Æºßœ" ¸æºß" Ø"ŒÍø" " æßº-" -º" ¸ÆıØùŒ" ¸╆ºœÆºŒºß" œ-ıÎøÆ-ø" ºæº" -ºÆ©øœÆßÆø" æºß"ŒªæøÆßÆøŒºß"øÎł-ºßÎ"¸œ"ÎæØœ"œæº¸Æøœ"¸æºß"Ø"Øœœ"¸╆+5'"œß"æŒıøÆœ"ºßø"は"ß"なの┻"8BC;B"! E*?! G:%+;&B:?! +$B:! E&! Dc,*! &! $P:*B%! %B! +;AEoD*! %B;F*,?;:&;,*! $B:! D&V$,;:&;,*D*B:!øÎł-ºßÎ"¸œ"ÎßØÆœœŒºßœ"¸æºß"Ø"Øœœ"¸╆+5'"œß"œÆß-Î"ºßø"なな"ß"なの┻"."ŒÏŒ"ßº¸º"œß"æœø©Î"º""ł-Æ"æºøº"Ø"ºÆ©-"¸╆Îß-¸œ"¸-"ıÍø"ゅZ&PE*&%!MM1K!!

D/R81/(!44!‒!5'+"¸"Ø╆ÎæØ"¸╆æøÆÆº"º"æºßÆæº"¸-"ºÆ©-"¸╆Îß-¸œ"¸-"ıÍø!

Classe fÓKUG

Secondaire inférieur

Secondaire supérieur

Supérieur non

universitaire de type court

Supérieur non

universitaire de type long

Universitaire Inconnu Total

1 à 5 22,9% 21,0% 11,1% 13,2% ,0% 19,6% 18,1%

6 à 10 51,4% 46,3% 46,2% 37,0% 20,0% 44,7% 44,3%

11 à 15 15,3% 25,8% 34,0% 37,6% 60,0% 26,7% 28,5%

16 à 20 10,4% 7,0% 8,6% 12,2% 20,0% 9,1% 9,1%

Total 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% $Æº"ł-"Ø╆œœæÆßÆæº"¸"Ø╆+5'"¸"Ø╆ÎæØ"¸╆æøÆÆº"œæÆß"-º"ı-"ıØ-œ"æøß"©"Ø"ºÆ©-"¸╆Îß-¸œ"¸œ"ıøºßœ"ł-╆©"Ø"œßß-ß"¸"æ-øœÆø┸"æº"æºœßß"ł-"Øœ"©øÆØœ"《!+5'"¸"Ø╆ÎæØ"¸╆æøÆÆº!f!*:!d!ºÆ©-"¸╆Îß-¸œ"¸œ"ıøºßœ!f!?$B:!C&;PE*D*B:!E;G*?K!

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#*!Z&PE*&%!MQ!A,G?*B:*!E&!+;?:,;P%:;$B!+*!E&!F&,;&PE*!d!æøŒ"¸╆ºœÆºŒºß!》"ıæ-ø"Ø╆ºœŒØ"¸œ"Îß-¸Æºßœ" ゅßæ-ßœ"ººÎœ"¸╆Îß-¸œ"æºæº¸-œょ" ÆºœøÆßœ" Øæøœ"¸" Ø╆ººÎ"¸ÎŒÆł-" Ø"ıØ-œ",G@*B:*!+&B?!E*?!:,$;?!%B;F*,?;:G?K!

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Hqtog"fÓgpugkipgogpv U1 U2 U3

Général 72,2% 74,0% 78,5%

Technique de Transition 3,0% 3,6% 3,0%

Artistique de Transition 0,0% 0,0% 0,0%

Technique de Qualification 2,1% 4,1% 4,1%

Artistique de Qualification 0,0% 0,0% 0,0%

Professionnel 0,1% 0,3% 0,2%

Inconnu 22,6% 18,0% 14,2%

Total 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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D/R81/(!4@V!D/(>!'\9$('*/#$;!/U/#$!&(!#&#!(#!%1$/%'!;)&8/*%1!'/#;!8\1#;1*S#1=1#$!;1)&#'/*%1!

Retard scolaire U1 U2

C"nÓjgwtg 64,1% 75,7%

En retard 35,3% 17,1%

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QKMKTK! #*?!G:%+;&B:?!+*!A,*D;c,*!OGBG,&:;$B!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!UQ!

5K! 7G?%E:&:?!+*!E&!,*@)*,@)*!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!UQ!

IK! %æºøÎßÆœßÆæº"¸œ"øÆßÍøœ"¸ºœ"¸╆-ßøœ"ı°œ!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!UT!]K! 3AG,&:;$BB&E;?&:;$B!+*?!@,;:c,*?!*B!.G+G,&:;$B!H&EE$B;*2I,%J*EE*?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!UT!

QKMKUK! #*?!G:%+;&B:?!*B!,*A,;?*!¸╆Îß-¸œ!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!UU!5K! #*?!,G?%E:&:?!+*!,*@)*,@)*?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!UU!

IK! %æºøÎßÆœßÆæº"¸œ"øÆßÍøœ"¸ºœ"¸╆-ßøœ"ı°œ!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!UU!]K! 3AG,&:;$BB&E;?&:;$B!*B!.G+G,&:;$B!H&EE$B;*2I,%J*EE*?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!US!

QKMKSK! .╆æøÆÆº"œæÆæ2G@$B$D;Y%*KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!US!5K! 7G?%E:&:?!+*!E&!,*@)*,@)*!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!US!

IK! %æºøÎßÆœßÆæº"¸œ"øÆßÍøœ"¸ºœ"¸╆-ßøœ"ı°œ!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!UR!]K! 3AG,&:;$BB&E;?&:;$B!+*?!@,;:c,*?!*B!.G+G,&:;$B!H&EE$B;*2I,%J*EE*?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!S<!

-./0*$%1:!5!I1;!)&#'*$*&#;!œ-œıßÆØœ"¸"©æøÆœø"Ø"ŒÆœ"º"ıØ"ß"Ø╆ÆÆßÎ"¸œ"'*;0&;*$*<;!'1!<*#/#)1=1#$!8*9!/(>!01%<&%=/#)1;!+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++!?@!

<K! .;J*,!%B!$PV*@:;C!A,;$,;:&;,*!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!ST!

MK! >G:*,D;B*,!%B*!@;PE*!A,G@;?*KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!ST!

QK! WG,;C;*,!E*?!+$BBG*?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!ST!

TK! #œœ-øø"Ø"ßøºœıøº"ß"Ø╆æªßÆ©ÆßÎ!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!ST!UK! W*;EE*,!X!E&!C&;?&P;E;:G!?%,!E*!AE&B!A$E;:;Y%*!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!SU!

SK! Z*B;,!@$DA:*!+*?!C&@:*%,?!@$B:*J:%*E?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!SS!

RK! 5B:;@;A*,!E*?!*CC*:?!A*,F*,?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!SR!

[K! 9*%:2$B!GF&E%*,!?;!%B!C;B&B@*D*B:!P&?G!?%,!E*?!A*,C$,D&B@*?!*?:!*CC;@&@*!\!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!SR!

-./0*$%1!@!┺"/Æœ"²"Ø╆Îß-¸"¸╆Æº¸Æß-øœ"-ßÆØÆœØœ"ıæ-ø"¸ÆÎøºÆø"Ø"ÆººŒºß"¸"Ø╆ºœÆºŒºß"œ-ıÎøÆ-ø!++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++!,4!

9&,:;*!<!=!])$;J!+*?!F&,;&PE*?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!RM!

<K! 7G@$E:*!+*?!+$BBG*?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!RM!

MK! 6B+Æß-øœ"ŒÆœ"²"Ø╆Îß-¸!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!RQ!MK<K! 6B+;@&:*%,?!&%!B;F*&%!+*?!;BA%:?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!RT!

MK<K<K!.╆æøÆÆº"œæÆæ2G@$B$D;Y%*!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!RT!5K! #*!?:&:%:!+*!P$%,?;*,!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!RT!

!

!!

IK! ."ºÆ©-"¸╆Îß-¸œ"¸œ"ıøºßœ!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!RU!]K! #&!A,$C*??;$B!+*?!A&,*B:?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!RU!

>K! .╆Æº¸Æ"œæÆæ2ÎæºæŒÆł-"¸"Ø╆ÎæØ"œæº¸Æø"¸"ıøæ©ºº!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!RS!MKMK! #*?!G:%+;&B:?!*B!?;:%&:;$B!+*!)&B+;@&A!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!RR!

MKQK! ."ıøæ-øœ"œæØÆø"ºßÎøÆ-ø"¸"Ø╆Îß-¸ÆºßKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!R[!5K! ."æøŒ"¸╆ºœÆºŒºß"øÎł-ºßÎ"¸ºœ"Øœ"¸-®"¸øºÆÍøœ"ººÎœ"¸"Ø╆ºœÆºŒºß"œæº¸Æø┻!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!R[!IK! #*!,*:&,+!?@$E&;,*!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!R^!

]K! #*?!G:%+;&B:?!+*!A,*D;c,*!OGBG,&:;$BKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!R^!

9&,:;*!M!=!7$P%?:*??*!+*?!+$BBG*?!$P:*B%*?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK![L!

<K! N&%:*?!8@$E*?!*:!8@$E*?!0%AG,;*%,*?!+*?!5,:?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK![L!

<K<K! 6B+;@&:*%,?!&%!B;F*&%!+*?!;BA%:?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK![M!

<K<K<K!6B+;@&:*%,?!?$@;$2G@$B$D;Y%*?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK![M!

5K! #*!?:&:%:!+*!P$%,?;*,!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK![M!

IK! ."œßß-ß"¸╆Îß-¸Æºß"¸"æº¸ÆßÆæº"Œæ¸œß!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK![Q!<K<KMK!6B+;@&:*%,?!+*!A&,@$%,?!?@$E&;,*!&B:G,;*%,!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK![T!

5K! (æøŒ"¸╆ºœÆºŒºß"øÎł-ºßÎ"¸ºœ"Ø"¸øºÆÍø"ººÎ"¸!Ø╆ºœÆºŒºß"?*@$B+&;,*!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK![T!

IK! 7*:&,+!?@$E&;,*!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK![T!

]K! ."œßß-ß"¸╆Îß-¸Æºß"¸"ıøŒÆÍø"ÎºÎøßÆæº!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK![U!<KMK! 6B+;@&:*%,?!&%!B;F*&%!+*?!A,$@*??%?!-A,$@*??1!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK![U!

MK! /B;F*,?;:G?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK![S!

MK<K! 6B+;@&:*%,?!&%!B;F*&%!+*?!;BA%:?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK![S!

MK<K<K!6B+;@&:*%,?!?$@;$2G@$B$D;Y%*?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK![S!

5K! ."œßß-ß"¸"æ-øœÆø"æ-"¸╆Îß-¸Æºß"¸"æº¸ÆßÆæº"Œæ¸œß!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK![S!IK! ."ºÆ©-"¸╆Îß-¸œ"¸œ"ıøºßœ!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK![R!]K! ."Øœœ"¸╆Æº¸Æ"œæÆæ2ÎæºæŒÆł-"¸"Ø╆ÎæØ"œæº¸Æø"¸"ıøæ©ºº!KKKKKKKKK![[!>K! ],$;?*D*B:?!+*!F&,;&PE*?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK! L!

8K! 8B!@$B@E%?;$B!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK! Q!

MK<KMK!6B+;@&:*%,?!+*!A&,@$%,?!?@$E&;,*!&B:G,;*%,!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK! U!

5K! ."æøŒ"¸╆ºœÆºŒºß"øÎł-ºßÎ"¸ºœ"Øœ"¸-®"¸øºÆÍøœ"ººÎœ"¸"Ø╆ºœÆºŒºß"œæº¸Æø!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK! U!IK! #*!,*:&,+!?@$E&;,*!&@Y%;?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK! S!

MKMK! 6B+;@&:*%,?!&%!B;F*&%!+*?!A,$@*??%?!-A,$@*??1!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK! S!

9&,:;*!Q!=!9*,:;B*B@*!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK! [!

!

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<K! N&%:*?!G@$E*?!*:!*B!G@$E*?!?%AG,;*%,*?!+*?!&,:?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK! [!

<K<K! 6B+;@&:*%,?!&%!B;F*&%!+*?!;BA%:?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK! [!

<K<K<K!6B+;@&:*%,?!?$@;$2G@$B$D;Y%*?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK! [!

5K! #*!?:&:%:!+*!P$%,?;*,!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK! [!

IK! ."œßß-ß"¸╆Îß-¸Æºß"¸"æº¸ÆßÆæº"Œæ¸œß!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!<LL!<K<KMK!6B+;@&:*%,?!+*!A&,@$%,?!?@$E&;,*!&B:G,;*%,!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!<LM!

5K! (æøŒ"¸╆ºœÆºŒºß"øÎł-ºßÎ"¸ºœ"Ø"¸øºÆÍø"ººÎ"¸"Ø╆ºœÆºŒºß"?*@$B+&;,*!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!<LM!

IK! ."œßß-ß"¸╆Îß-¸Æºß"¸"ıøŒÆÍø"ÎºÎøßÆæº!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!<LT!<KMK! 6B+;@&:*%,?!&%!B;F*&%!+*?!A,$@*??%?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!<LS!

<KQK! ]$B@E%?;$B!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!<L[!

MK! /B;F*,?;:G?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!<<<!

MK<K! 6B+;@&:*%,?!&%!B;F*&%!+*?!;BA%:?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!<<<!

MK<K<K!6B+;@&:*%,?!?$@;$2G@$B$D;Y%*?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!<<<!

5K! #*!?:&:%:!+*!P$%,?;*,!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!<<<!

IK! ."Øœœ"¸╆Æº¸Æ"œæÆæ2ÎæºæŒÆł-"¸"Ø╆ÎæØ"œæº¸Æø"¸"ıøæ©ºº!KKKKKK!<<M!MK<KMK!6B+;@&:*%,?!+*!A&,@$%,?!?@$E&;,*!&B:G,;*%,!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!<<T!

5K! ."æøŒ"¸╆ºœÆºŒºß"øÎł-ºßÎ"¸ºœ"Øœ"¸-®"¸øºÆÍøœ"ººÎœ"¸"Ø╆ºœÆºŒºß"œæº¸Æø!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!<<T!IK! #*!,*:&,+!?@$E&;,*!&@Y%;?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!<<U!

MK<KQK!#ºØ°œ"¸"Ø╆ÆºØ-º"ºßß"¸œ"Æº¸Æß-øœ"œ-ø"Ø"ıœœ"²"Ø╆ººÎ"œ-ıÎøÆ-ø!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!<<R!

5K! %æøøÎØßÆæºœ"ºßø"Æº¸Æß-øœ"ß"øÎ-œœÆß"¸ºœ"Ø╆ºœÆºŒºß"œ-ıÎøÆ-ø!KKKKKKK!<<R!IK! #*!D$+cE*!+*!,GO,*??;$B!E;BG&;,*!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!<<[!

]K! #*?!,G?%E:&:?!+%!D$+cE*!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!<<^!

>K! 9,G+;@:;$B!+*?!:&%J!+*!,G%??;:*!A&,!G:&PE;??*D*B:!?*@$B+&;,*!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!<M<!

8K! ]$B@E%?;$B?!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!<MM!

MKMK! 6B+;@&:*%,?!&%!B;F*&%!+*?!A,$@*??%?!-A,$@*??1!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!<MQ!

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