Ethnocentrism is the belief that your country/culture is the best.

Xenophobia is the fear of foreigners.

A Democracy is a government in which the people elect their representatives (A government for the people).

Unalienable rights (as stated in the Declaration of Independence) are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.

Why did Thomas Jefferson write the Declaration of Independence? •List of complaints against Great Britain•To say that the United States was its own country, free of Great Britain

A tax on goods between countries is also known as a tariff.

Weakness of the Articles of Confederation:•Weak federal (national) government•Federal government could not coin money•Federal government could not collect taxes•No Executive (President) or Judicial (Supreme Court) branches•Only 1 vote per state

How did the Constitution differ from the Articles of Confederation?•Strong federal government•Federal government could coin money•Federal government could collect taxes•Defined the role of the Executive (President) and Judicial (Supreme Court) branches•Votes based on population included

Northwest Ordinance:

Why did Shay’s Rebellion occur?•Farmers upset about property tax•Marched on Springfield, Mass. •Showed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

Explain the 3/5 Compromise:For every 5 slaves, 3 counted for population/taxation

Federalist vs. Anti-Federalist:Federalist: •Strong central government•Supported the ConstitutionAnti-Federalist:•Weak central government (Wanted power for states)•Wanted the Bill of Rights for Constitution

The New Jersey Plan.•Proposed equal representation for each state•This was preferred by smaller states because . . .• They did not have a big population• They did not want to be bossed around by bigger states

•States that agreed with this plan include:• Smaller, less populated states like New Jersey & Delaware

The Virginia Plan.•Proposed proportional representation (Meaning that representation of each state in Congress is based on population)•This was preferred by larger states because . . .• They believed that they should have the most power

since they had the most people•States that agreed with this plan include:• Larger, more populated states like Virginia and

Pennsylvania

This led to the Great Compromise (or Connecticut Compromise)

The state of Connecticut had a solution to the problem:

The government would create a Bicameral Legislature (Also known as two houses)

House of SenateEach state has 2 members

House of RepresentativesNumber of members is based on population

Executive BranchThis branch is the President & Cabinet. Responsibilities of this branch include:•Enforce the laws•Grant pardons (President and Governors)

Judicial BranchThis branch is the Supreme Court. Responsibilities of this branch include:•Judicial Review•Interpret the laws

•Legislative Branch•This branch is the Congress. Responsibilities of this branch include:•Make laws•Ratify treaties•Impeach•Declare war

List 3 examples of checks and balances:•Legislative impeaches the Executive•Executive appoints judges and justices•Legislative approves judges and justices

Electoral College•Is responsible for electing the President•Electoral votes for each state are decided by population•270 votes to win

Bill of RightsTo amend something means to change it

Amendment 1:•Freedom of Speech•Freedom of Assembly•Freedom of Religion•Freedom of Petition•Freedom of Press

Amendment 2:•Right to bears arms•Militia

Amendment 3:•No quartering of soldiers

Amendment 4:•Protects from unreasonable searches and seizures

Amendment 5:•Guarantees trial by jury•Protects from double jeopardy•Government must pay you for land they take•Due process (Must have a fair trial)•Protects you from testifying against yourself

When Washington came into office, he had to set examples of precedents. People learned how to be president by following his lead. Precedents set by Washington:•Saying “So help me God” after inauguration•Mr. President•2 terms

Whiskey Rebellion:•What was the problem?• Whiskey (a form of payment in the west) was being taxed.

•Who dealt with it?• George Washington and the Federal Government (& army)

•What was the result?• The army crushed the rebellion• Showed the strength of the Federal Government

Factions are groups with different views

These factions, caused by the differences between Jefferson and Hamilton, started the first two political parties in the United States. They were the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans.

The Federalists believed:•In a strong central (federal) government•Factories for the economy•Elite in control

The Democratic-Republicans believed:•In a weak central government (Wanted strong state gov’t)•Farms for the economy•Thought the common, well-educated person could make decisions

A strict interpretation of the Constitution meansDoing exactly what the Constitution says, and nothing more

The Democratic-Republican party would be more likely to take on this point of view

A loose interpretation of the Constitution meansDoing things the Constitution does not specifically say

The Federalist party would be more likely to take on this point of view

The Elastic Clause, or Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution•Allows the federal government to make laws that they think should be made for the good of the country

Give two examples of how the Elastic Clause was used in the government:•Louisiana Purchase•Creation of the National Bank (Hamilton)

John Adams was a member of the Federalist Party. Therefore, he believed that he government should . . .Be powerful and run by the elite

Legislation passed during the Adams Administration:Alien Act•The President could deport (kick out) immigrants or throw them in jailSedition Act•The President could limit the rights of U.S. citizens who spoke against the President/Federalists.

While Adams was president, the U.S. wanted to stay neutral, and not get involved in any conflicts between France and England. Two examples of this are the Jay Treaty and the XYZ Affair.

Also, John Marshall was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court at this time. Marshall was a Federalist, and therefore believed that the government should . . . Be powerful (A strong central government and weak state governments)

Thomas Jefferson was elected in 1800.

He ran for president against Aaron Burr and the election was a tie! Therefore, the House of Representatives got to decide who would become president.

What was decided and by whom?Hamilton lobbied for Jefferson and the House of Representatives picked Jefferson

What happened in 1804 because of this election?A duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr. Hamilton was shot and killed.

In 1803, Jefferson bought Louisiana

He said that he was allowed to buy it because of the Elastic Clause in the Constitution

Explain the travels of Lewis and ClarkHired by Thomas Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Territory and find a Northwest Passage (Water route to the Pacific Ocean). They were helped by York (slave) and Sacagawea (Native American)

Tecumseh (what were his goals?)Shawnee leader, wanted to unite Indians to fight against the Americans

Who did the Native Americans side with in the War of 1812?The British

Causes of the War of 1812:•Impressment•Interfering with trade•Great Britain inciting Indian attacks on the frontier

Who were the War Hawks?Democratic-Republicans from the south and west who wanted to go to war with Great Britain.

What is significant about the Battle of Fort McHenry?Francis Scott Key wrote the “Star Spangled Banner,” which became the national anthem. Also important American victory.

Why was the Battle of New Orleans ironic?It occurred after the treaty that ended the war

Treaty of GhentEnded War of 1812, signed in Belgium

Andrew JacksonEmerged as a war hero, especially at Battle of New Orleans

The Monroe Doctrine:Stated that European countries could not cross into the Western Hemisphere to colonize North or South America (U.S. would see this as a threat)

Indian Removal ActForced Indians to move west of the Mississippi River

Worchester v. GeorgiaGeorgia said it was unconstitutional to make Indians move west of the Mississippi. Andrew Jackson did not care.

Specie CircularMust use gold & silver to buy land. Not good for the economy.

NullificationSouth Carolina did not want to follow the national tariff. Government passed Force Bill, nullification repealed.

Bank WarJackson fought against the National Bank, took money and gave it to state and private banks.