ethics - william allan kritsonis, phd

8/20/2019 Ethics - William Allan Kritsonis, PhD

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ethics-william-allan-kritsonis-phd 1/22

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Ethical Decision Making InEthical Decision Making In

Education: Utilizing TheEducation: Utilizing TheWays of Knowing throughWays of Knowing through

the Realms of Meaningthe Realms of Meaning

William llan Kritsonis!William llan Kritsonis!"hD"hD

"rofessor of Educational #eadershi$"rofessor of Educational #eadershi$

The Uni%ersity of Te&as of the "ermian 'asinThe Uni%ersity of Te&as of the "ermian 'asin



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Ways of Knowing through the Realms ofWays of Knowing through the Realms of

MeaningMeaningThe si& realms co%er the range of $ossi(leThe si& realms co%er the range of $ossi(le

meanings that com$rise the (asic com$etenciesmeanings that com$rise the (asic com$etenciesthat general education should de%elo$ in e%erythat general education should de%elo$ in e%ery

$erson) $erson) complete personcom

plete person should (e skilled inshould (e skilled in

the use of s$eech! sym(ol! and gesturethe use of s$eech! sym(ol! and gesture

*+ym(olics,! factually well informed *Em$irics,!*+ym(olics,! factually well informed *Em$irics,!

ca$a(le of creating and a$$reciating o(-ects ofca$a(le of creating and a$$reciating o(-ects ofesthetic signi.cance *Esthetics,! endowed withesthetic signi.cance *Esthetics,! endowed with

a rich and disci$lined life in relation to self anda rich and disci$lined life in relation to self and

others *+ynnoetics,! a(le to make wiseothers *+ynnoetics,! a(le to make wise

decisions and to -udge (etween right and wrongdecisions and to -udge (etween right and wrong

*Ethics,! and $ossessed an integal outlook*Ethics,! and $ossessed an integal outlook*+yno$tics,) These are the aims of general*+yno$tics,) These are the aims of general

education for the de%elo$ment of wholeeducation for the de%elo$ment of whole

$ersons) *Kritsonis! /001! $) 23,$ersons) *Kritsonis! /001! $) 23,



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4aring5Kindness4aring5Kindness 6enerosity6enerosityToleranceTolerance

4itizenshi$4itizenshi$

Initiati%eInitiati%e 4on.dence4on.dence

4oo$eration4oo$eration #oyalty#oyalty4ourage4ourage "atience"atience

De$enda(ility5Relia(ilityDe$enda(ility5Relia(ility Res$ectRes$ect

"erse%erance"erse%erance 7airness7airness

Res$onsi(ilityRes$onsi(ility 8onesty8onesty

TrustTrust #o%e#o%e



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Res$onsi(ilityRes$onsi(ility

99The Realm ofThe Realm of ethicsethics is concernedis concernedwith acti%e $ersonal commitmentwith acti%e $ersonal commitment*Kritsonis! /001,)*Kritsonis! /001,)

Res$onsi(ility entails:Res$onsi(ility entails:De$enda(ilityDe$enda(ilityInitiati%eInitiati%e

sserti%enesssserti%eness+elf;4on.dence+elf;4on.denceDesire to E&celDesire to E&cel



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TrustTrust

Trust is (uilding con.dence throughTrust is (uilding con.dence through

teamwork and o$en communication)teamwork and o$en communication)

Trust facilitates coo$eration and $romotesTrust facilitates coo$eration and $romotes

cohesi%eness)cohesi%eness)

Trust is (uilt (y (eha%ior that isTrust is (uilt (y (eha%ior that is

considerate! su$$orti%e! and collegial)considerate! su$$orti%e! and collegial)

99Trust is like air< no one thinks much a(outTrust is like air< no one thinks much a(out

it until it is needed and is not there *8oy =it until it is needed and is not there *8oy =

Miskel! /003,)Miskel! /003,)



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"rofessional De%elo$ment"rofessional De%elo$ment

>ne who reads widely! attend worksho$s>ne who reads widely! attend worksho$s

and conferences! mem(er of $rofessionaland conferences! mem(er of $rofessional

associations! consult with colleagues! self;associations! consult with colleagues! self;

re?ection)re?ection)

SynnoeticsSynnoetics: >ngoing commitment towards: >ngoing commitment towards

human association with concern as well ashuman association with concern as well as

seeking the well;(eing of others)seeking the well;(eing of others)

+earching for insight and training into+earching for insight and training into

educational issues)educational issues)



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E@ecti%e Inter$ersonalE@ecti%e Inter$ersonal

+kills+kills

De%elo$s strong (inding inter$ersonal skillsDe%elo$s strong (inding inter$ersonal skillswith students! $arents and colleaguesA trustwith students! $arents and colleaguesA trust

(etween all mem(ers) *Kritsonis! /001,(etween all mem(ers) *Kritsonis! /001,

SymbolicsSymbolics: +ym(olizes a way for indi%iduals: +ym(olizes a way for indi%iduals

to e&$erience meaning throughto e&$erience meaning through

communication)communication)

E@ecti%e communication deri%es from theE@ecti%e communication deri%es from the

$rinci$le that language is a source of $ower$rinci$le that language is a source of $owere&$ressing %arious e&$eriences of eache&$ressing %arious e&$eriences of each

indi%idual)indi%idual)



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En%ironment of 4areEn%ironment of 4are

Res$onsi(ility of educators to (uild careRes$onsi(ility of educators to (uild careand com$assion with the community)and com$assion with the community)*Kritsonis! /001,*Kritsonis! /001,

SynopticsSynoptics: school en%ironment of care: school en%ironment of care%alues all mem(ersB indi%idual feelings and%alues all mem(ersB indi%idual feelings andemotions into one syno$sis or single %ision)emotions into one syno$sis or single %ision)

Educators ha%e to make a consciousEducators ha%e to make a consciousdecision to study our $ast mistakes! care fordecision to study our $ast mistakes! care for

others! at the same time accommodate toothers! at the same time accommodate tothe needs of the organization and thethe needs of the organization and thecommunity)community)



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"rotect the Rights of"rotect the Rights of

+takeholders+takeholders Educators ha%e a res$onsi(ility to $rotectEducators ha%e a res$onsi(ility to $rotectand res$ect studentsB indi%iduality andand res$ect studentsB indi%iduality andacknowledge their right to make choices foracknowledge their right to make choices forthemsel%es) *Kritsonis! /001,themsel%es) *Kritsonis! /001,

EthicsEthics: These (eliefs and choices of what is: These (eliefs and choices of what isright and wrong lay the foundation for ourright and wrong lay the foundation for ourci%ilization and culture)ci%ilization and culture)

In order to demonstrate a sincere res$ectIn order to demonstrate a sincere res$ectfor each studentBs self;worth! educatorsfor each studentBs self;worth! educatorsneed to listen to students and considerneed to listen to students and considertheir %iews)their %iews)



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+elf;E%aluation+elf;E%aluation

In order to self;re?ect! choices can (eIn order to self;re?ect! choices can (edetermined to (e good or (ad! (etter or worse!determined to (e good or (ad! (etter or worse!de$ending on how caring is demonstrated fromde$ending on how caring is demonstrated fromall mem(ers)all mem(ers)

*Kritsonis! /001,*Kritsonis! /001,

EthicsEthics: 'elief that e%eryone has the logic to: 'elief that e%eryone has the logic tomake the right choices and decisions! and if onemake the right choices and decisions! and if onefails! he5she gains a sense of guilt form withinfails! he5she gains a sense of guilt form withinhim5herself)him5herself)

+chool communityBs $olicies cannot (e ethical!+chool communityBs $olicies cannot (e ethical!only indi%iduals can make decisions that takeonly indi%iduals can make decisions that takeinto consideration the $olicies that a$$ly to ainto consideration the $olicies that a$$ly to acertain situation or circumstance) *Kritsonis!certain situation or circumstance) *Kritsonis!/001,/001,



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Ethical Decision Making toEthical Decision Making to

Im$ro%e cademicIm$ro%e cademic

chie%ementchie%ement $$ro$riate +co$e of +tudy$$ro$riate +co$e of +tudy

Ma&imize Meanings Through MasteryMa&imize Meanings Through Mastery

4urriculum +hould (e 'road and Di%erse4urriculum +hould (e 'road and Di%erse

4urriculum +hould "ro%ide Meaning4urriculum +hould "ro%ide Meaning

ttain Masteryttain Mastery



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$$ro$riate +co$e of$$ro$riate +co$e of

+tudy+tudy

ccording to Kritsonis */001,:ccording to Kritsonis */001,:

The sco$e of study should include uniCueThe sco$e of study should include uniCue$ersonality of the student! social and$ersonality of the student! social and

cultural conte&t! and a%aila(le resources)cultural conte&t! and a%aila(le resources)

ReCuires careful $lanning and ethicalReCuires careful $lanning and ethicaldecision making)decision making)

998igh standards students are e&$ected8igh standards students are e&$ectedto reach a $redetermined (ar)to reach a $redetermined (ar)

Im$lement creati%ity and indi%iduality)Im$lement creati%ity and indi%iduality)



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Ma&imize MeaningsMa&imize Meanings

Through MasteryThrough Mastery

7ul.llment lies within mastery and the7ul.llment lies within mastery and the

de$th of understanding)de$th of understanding)

4urriculum should (e rele%ant to all)4urriculum should (e rele%ant to all)

Ultimate goal should (e intensity ofUltimate goal should (e intensity of

knowledge)knowledge)



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4urriculum +hould (e4urriculum +hould (e

'road and Di%erse'road and Di%erse

+tudents should gain an understanding in a+tudents should gain an understanding in a

%ariety of .elds)%ariety of .elds)

4om$etence should (e gained in a num(er4om$etence should (e gained in a num(er

of di@erent acti%ities)of di@erent acti%ities)

Use connection (etween culture!Use connection (etween culture!

curriculum! home! and school to $romotecurriculum! home! and school to $romote

academic achie%ement)academic achie%ement)



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ttaining Masteryttaining Mastery

The following elements are needed inThe following elements are needed in

hel$ing students reach their mastery goal:hel$ing students reach their mastery goal:

healthy! safe learning en%ironment) healthy! safe learning en%ironment)

Encouraging and caring en%ironment)Encouraging and caring en%ironment)

8igh standards of academic8igh standards of academicachie%ement)achie%ement)

7ocus on studentsB indi%idual needs)7ocus on studentsB indi%idual needs)

*>Beal! /00F,*>Beal! /00F,



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Why +hould +chool4ommunities ha%e 4odes

of EthicsG

•"romote honora(le (eha%ior)

•"ro%ide a (asis for ethical (eha%ior)

•Ensure e@ecti%e o$eration)

•Morally ethical decisions)

Ethics is Everybody’s Business. *Kritsonis!/001,



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4on.dentiality andIntegrity

•Educators should not disclose con.dentialinformation unless o(ligated to do so (y law)

•Educators should not use con.dentialinformation for ad%antageous gain)

•Educators should a%oid acti%ities which couldim$ede $erformance of -o( duties in an ethicalmanner)

•Educators should refuse gifts! fa%ors! orhos italit that would in?uence or would a ear



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Financial Fraud•Funds must be used appropriately and for intended

purposes.

•A system should be in place to ensure financial

honesty.

•Someone not directly related to the organization

should assist in the monitoring financial spending.

•Rules, regulations, and consequences must be in

place that are not negotiable. (Martin, 2!"



2020

What are theWhat are the

conseCuences of showingconseCuences of showingun-usti.ed fa%oritismun-usti.ed fa%oritism

within and educationalwithin and educationalorganizationGorganizationG



2121

4reates disenchantment and dissension4reates disenchantment and dissension

among mem(ers and su$$orters)among mem(ers and su$$orters)

Informal 6rou$s are created which results inInformal 6rou$s are created which results in

a negati%e and un$roducti%e climate)a negati%e and un$roducti%e climate)

#eaders are not su$$orted or trusted)#eaders are not su$$orted or trusted)

There should (e acknowledged moral leaders!There should (e acknowledged moral leaders!

to whom many look for moral direction!to whom many look for moral direction!guidance and ins$iration) *Kritsonis! /001,guidance and ins$iration) *Kritsonis! /001,



2222

ReferencesReferencesHoy, W. K., & Miskel, . !. "2005#.Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, . !. "2005#. Educational administration.Educational administration. $e%$e%

ork, $' ork, $' Mc!r(% Hill.Mc!r(% Hill.

Kri)sonis, W. *. "2007#.Kri)sonis, W. *. "2007#. Ways of knowing through the realms ofWays of knowing through the realms of

meaningmeaning. +for-, n/l(n-' +for- Ron- (le.. +for-, n/l(n-' +for- Ron- (le.

M(r)in, . "2004, eceer#.M(r)in, . "2004, eceer#. The relationship between principals,The relationship between principals,

ethics, and campus ratings.ethics, and campus ratings. Re)riee- froRe)riee- fro

))'ro:es).i.co.e;roy.)(.e-))'ro:es).i.co.e;roy.)(.e-

+<$e(l, =. "2004#. >n-ii-(li;e- ins)rc)ion for iroe- s)-en)+<$e(l, =. "2004#. >n-ii-(li;e- ins)rc)ion for iroe- s)-en)

(cieeen) e-c()ion<s ?oly /r(il<.(cieeen) e-c()ion<s ?oly /r(il<. The JournalThe Journal. Re)riee- fro. Re)riee- fro))')e@orn(l.co)erin)(r)icleAi-B16635))')e@orn(l.co)erin)(r)icleAi-B16635

http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy.tamu.edu/


http://thejournal.com/the/printarticle/?id=16635




ethics - william allan kritsonis, phd

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