ethics in research mcgraw-hill/irwin copyright © 2011 by the mcgraw-hill companies, inc. all rights...
TRANSCRIPT
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Ethics in Research
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Types of Ethical Violations
Violatingdisclosure
agreements
Violatingdisclosure
agreements
Breakingconfidentiality
Breakingconfidentiality
Misrepresentingresults
Misrepresentingresults
DeceivingparticipantsDeceiving
participants
PaddedinvoicesPaddedinvoices
Avoidinglegal liability
Avoidinglegal liability
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Procter & Gamble
Admits to competitive intelligence gathering
Contracted BI firm took documents from
Unilever trash receptaclesOut-of-court
settlement rumored (and reported) at
$10m
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Ethical Approaches
Ethical standards
Ethical Relativism
Deontology
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Ethical Approaches
Ethical Relativism
Deontology
How would you assess the P&G case using the two ethical approaches?
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Ethical Codes of Conduct
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PulsePoint: Research Revelation
$944 The amount, in millions,that employers will losethis year due to employeefraud.
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Ethical Issues at all Stages of the Research Process
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Ethical Treatment of Participants
Explain study benefitsExplain study benefits
Explain participant rights and protections
Explain participant rights and protections
Obtain informedconsent
Obtain informedconsent
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Components of Informed Consent
•Identify researchers•Describe survey topic•Describe target sample•Identify sponsor•Describe purpose of research•Promise anonymity and confidentiality
•Give “good-faith” estimate of required time commitment•State participation is voluntary•State item-non response is acceptable•Ask for permission
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Characteristics of Informed Consent
Elements
Competence
Informed
Knowledge Voluntary
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Ethical Responsibilities
Special guidelines
apply to children!
Informed consent means parental
approval.
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Deception
Disguising non-research
activities
Camouflagingtrue research
objectives
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Debriefing
Explain any deceptionExplain any deception
Describe purposeDescribe purpose
Share resultsShare results
Provide follow-upProvide follow-up
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Participant Confidentiality
Minimize instruments requiring ID
Minimize instruments requiring ID
Non-disclosure of data subsets
Non-disclosure of data subsets
Restrict access to ID
Restrict access to ID
Obtain signednondisclosure
Reveal only with written
consent
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Right to refuseRight to refuse
Right to Privacy
Prior permission to interview
Prior permission to interview
Limit time requiredLimit time required
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The U.S. Safe Harbor Agreement
SecuritySecurity
NoticeNotice AccessAccess
EnforcementEnforcement
ChoiceChoice
Onward Transfer
Onward Transfer
Data Integrity
Data Integrity
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Sponsor NondisclosureSponsor Nondisclosure
Confidentiality
Purpose NondisclosurePurpose Nondisclosure
Findings NondisclosureFindings Nondisclosure
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What To Do If Coerced?
Educateon
purpose
Emphasizefact-finding
role
Explain problems
Terminaterelationship
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Effective Codes of Ethics
EnforceableEnforceable
Specify Behavior
RegulateRegulate
ProtectProtect
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Key Terms
• Code of ethics• Confidentiality• Debriefing• Deception• Ethics• Informed consent
• Nondisclosure– Findings– Purpose– Sponsor
• Right to privacy• Right to quality• Right to safety