ethics between religion and philosophy

8/10/2019 Ethics Between Religion and Philosophy

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ETHICS BETWEEN RELIGION ANDPHILOSOPHY



Ethics =Moral

Philosophy



What is Ethics?

In philosophy, the study and evaluation of human conduct inthe light of moral principles. Moral principles may be viewedeither as the standard of conduct that individuals haveconstructed for themselves or as the body of obligations and

duties that a particular society requires of its members.

In Islam, ethics can be defined as someone‟s action based on

Al-Quran and Hadith.



Religion Philosophy

• Al-Quran

• Hadith

• Philosopher



Definition

Literally : Ethos(derived fromGreek word)

meaning character

Technically : The valuesor rules of conduct

held by an individual or

a group



Ethics in Arabic = „ilm

al-akhlaq which is thebranch of knowledgethat studies akhlaq

(morals)

Al-Akhlaq = morality

which means a nature/ innate disposition

/temperament



Imam al Ghazali : The studyof certain religious beliefand of the rightness andwrongness of action for

the purpose of practice,not for the sake of mere

knowledge.

Character established isthe state of the soul which

actions proceed easilywithout any need for

reflection and deliberation

Abdul Qadir al Jurjani : A

state of the self producesacts behavior with ease

with no need ofsophisticate thinking andreflection (KitabTa‟rifat)



Quran

• We sent you notexcept as a mercy

for all creatures.(21:107)

• The noblest of you inthe sight of Allah is

the best of you inconduct. (49:13)

Hadith

• “I was sent tocomplete morals.”

(al Bukhari)• “Those who have

perfect faith arethose who have

better moralcharacter.”(al Tirmithi)



Major Concern

The standards by which

human actions can be judged as “right” or

“wrong” and “good” or“bad” (ethical judgments)



Ethics in philosophy

According to Kant, morality is a matter of duty.

An action is considered as morally worth if it is done for the

sake of duty.

Kant stresses on Deontological (duty-based) ethics which canbe defined as concern with what people do, not with theconsequences of their actions.

Duty-based ethics comes into four principles which are wemust do the right thing, we must do something because it isthe right thing to do, do not do wrong things and we mustavoid people who are wrong.



According to Aristotle, human being should study ethics toimprove our lives.

Aristotle influence by Socrates and Plato to take virtues ascentral to a well-lived life.

Example of virtues are courage, justice, temperance and soon.

He also comes out with the theory of ethics virtue or

known as golden mean.

Golden mean is striking the balance between excessivenessand deficiency. E.g shamelessness(too little shame) and

bashfulness(too much shame)



Similarities

A good example of the combination of religious andphilosophical ideas in al-Ghazali is the manner in which

happiness can be achieved. Happiness, as the chief good, admits

of two subdivisions, the worldly and the otherworldly.

Otherworldly happiness, which is our ultimate goal, cannot beachieved without certain worldly goods.

These include the four cardinal virtues of wisdom, courage,

temperance and justice, the bodily virtues of health, strength,

good fortune and a long life, the external virtues of wealth, kin,

social position and noble birth, and finally the 'divine virtues' of

guidance, good counsel, direction and divine support.



Conclusion

There is no differences between ethics in religion andethics in philosophy

Both stress on good moral character

ethics between religion and philosophy

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