ETHICAL & EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIPCrunch session

Presented by

Elixir Group

PROFILE- Group Elixir

Janet Alfred Oriunuebho

Milita Adeyemo

Elizabeth Kukua Apprey

Ibrahim Umar

What Leadership is

Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal (Northhouse, 2013)

Focus of group

process

A construct of individual

personality traits

A behaviour

Arises through power

relationship

A transformational process

Why Leadership? – the Benefits

Increases performance

Increases productivity

Increases profitability

Leadership Factors – Followership

Followers are the leader’s partner in shaping the goals and purposes of a group or organization

Leadership Factors – Followership

Followers are the leader’s partner in shaping the goals and purposes of a group or organization;

Research demonstrates that teams consistently outperform individuals.

Teams provide complementary roles If you were an animal which animal

will you be??? 4 broad categories of team members Belbin’s Team roles

How it Works!

Leadership and Followership: What Tango Teaches Us

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cswrnc1dggg

Leadership Factors – Grouping

Balancing the group factors

GroupnessBeginnings

Individuality Endings

NormsCulture

Individual Role

Leadership Factors – Grouping

Establishing Group Roles

Maintenance Role

Task Role

Leadership Factors – Grouping

Stages of Group Development – Tuckman (1965)

•Time structuring

•Identifying leader

•Dependence on leader

•Orientation

Forming

•Emotional response to the demand of the task

•Conflict with/ rebellion against leader

•Testing leadership effectiveness

Storming •Resistance is

overcome at this stage

•In-group feelings & cohesiveness, new standards evolve

•New roles are adopted

Norming

•Roles become flexible & functional

•Group energy is channelled into the task

Performing •4 important

tasks•Accept reality of the loss

•Celebrate learning & achievement

•Adjust to a changed environment

•To withdraw emotional energy & re-invest in other relationships

Adjourning

Leadership in Action

Leadership is a particular type of human relationship

Leadership is about the nature of the leader/follower relationship.

Successful leaders have the ability to bring about change for better or worse

Hallmarks of the Leadership Relationship

Power and/or influence

Vision

Obligation

Responsibility

Commitment

Good vs. Bad Leader

GOOD

BAD

OR

Good vs. Bad Leader

OR

GOOD

BAD

Good vs. Bad Leader

OR

GOOD

BAD

Good vs. Bad Leader

OR

GOOD

BAD

Types of Leaders

Type Traits

Destructive Anti-organization, anti-subordinates or both.

Tyrannical Reach the organizational goals while abusing the followers

Supportive-disloyal Cares for the welfare of the organization at the expense of the organizational goals

Derailed Act against the interests of the subordinates and the organization

Constructive Cares about subordinatesHelps the organization achieve its goals while using resources wisely

Types of Leadership

Type Traits

Assigned Formal position in an organisation e.g. team leader, departmental head, etc

Emergent is acquired through the manner of response from other group members.

Leadership Styles

Style Traits

Autocratic Leader dictates all the work and method, with no regards for followers input, contribution, feelings or opinion.

Democratic Team members are engaged in the decision making process.

Laissez-faire Team members are expected to solve problems on their own, with little or no input from the leader

Transactional Based on the idea that team members agree to obey their leader when they accept a job.

Situational Uses different leadership styles depending on the maturity of your team members.

task-oriented Defines the work and roles required, put structures in place, plan, organize and monitor work

Charismatic Inspires and motivates team members but with focus on the leader’s personal ambition

Transformational

Inspires and motivates team members but with focus on transforming team and the organization.

Transformational Leadership

A leadership style that can inspire positive changes in followers

“concerned with emotions, values, ethics, standards and long term goals” (Northouse 2013)

Components of Transformational Leadership

Intellectual stimulation

Individualised consideration

Inspirational motivation

Idealised influence

How it works!

Itay Talgam: Lead like the great conductors

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9g3Q-qvtss

Unethical Leadership

Abuses power

Hoards privileges

mismanages information

Acts inconsistently

Misplace or betray loyalties

Fails to assume responsibilities

Ethical & Effective Leadership

Good leaders are ethical & effective leaders (Ciulla, 1995)

Leaders usually bring about change or are successful at doing something but the

Ethical questions to ask will be – What are the leader’s intentions? How did the leader go about bringing

change? Was the change itself good?

Ethical & Effective Leadership

Promotion of honesty Own actions mirroring their values and

beliefs: espoused values are the same as values in action (Yukl, 2006).

Not just following the law and obeying regulations

Doing the ‘right’ thing and influencing others to do the right thing.

Managing conflict and taking responsibility

Managing change effectively

E&E Leadership in Managing Change

Change usually comes with some amount of loss no matter how positive

A change in project scope, management or tactics

How does a leader manage members who are stuck in the old days and are adamant /slow to adapt

E&E Leadership in Managing Diversity

Belbin’s 9 team member behaviour An awareness of the various members

in a team. Traits and characteristics that make them different such as;

Religion Age Disability Religion and belief Sexual Orientation (UK Equality Act 2012 for example)

E&E Leadership in Teamwork

A team is a group of two or more people, who work together to achieve a common goal

Team Working: Types of Teams Virtual Teams: separated by time, distance

or organizational structure

Functional teams: production, service, management, project, advisory

Self-managing teams – great deal of autonomy and control, may not have a formal leader (poss. an overseer) – Orpheus Chamber Orchestra – no conductor

Functions of A Team

Performance and Maintenance: The first is the ‘quality of decision-making,

the ability to implement decisions, the outcomes of teamwork in terms of problems solved and work completed, and finally the quality of institutional leadership provided by the team.’

The second is the ‘cohesiveness of the team and the ability of group members to satisfy their own needs while working effectively with other team members.’ (both Nadler, 1998, p.24, in Northouse 2013)

How it works!

TEDxToronto - Drew Dudley "Leading with Lollipops"

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hVCBrkrFrBE

References

BASS, B. M., 1990. Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership: a survey of theory & research. New York: Free Press

BEEREL, A. 2013. Leadership and Change Management. London:SAGE

BENNIS, W. G. & NANUS, B., 1985. Leaders: The strategies for taking charge. New York: Harper & Row.

FRENCH, J. R. & RAVEN, B., 1962. The bases of social power. In D. Cartwright (ed.), Studies in social power (pp. 259 – 269). Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research.

KOTTER, J. P., 1990. A Force for Change: How Leadership Differs from Management. New York : Free Press

NORTHOUSE, P. G. (2001). Leadership Theory and Practice, 4th edition. California: SAGE Publications, Inc.

NORTHOUSE, P. G., 2013. Leadership Theory and Practice (6th ed). London: SAGE.

http://www.systemicleadershipinstitute.org/