ETC Basic SafeLandUSAHSE Orientation

Housekeeping and Emergency Procedures

1. Emergency Procedures & Alarms1. Fire2. Tornado3. Earthquake4. Violent Incident5. Shelter in Place

2. Smoking Policy3. Restroom Location4. Scheduled Breaks

Behavioral SafetyBehavioral Safety

Behavior Based Safety (BBS) focuses on what people do, analyzes why they do it, and then applies a strategy to improve what people do.

To be successful a BBS program must include all employees and requires buy-in and support by everyone.

Behavioral SafetyBehavioral Safety

Behavioral SafetyBehavioral Safety

How BBS works: A site observation is conducted –

looking for safe behaviors and at-risk behaviors.

Feedback is given: Positive feedback first At-risk behaviors last

Behavioral SafetyBehavioral Safety

With at-risk behaviors, we must ask “Why” the employee is putting themselves at risk.

Explain the associated negative impact the at-risk behavior may have.

Behavioral SafetyBehavioral Safety

Behaviors are discussed until the observer and worker agree on suggested recommendations to work more safely.

Behavioral SafetyBehavioral Safety

It is important to understand: Terminology of the work

environment. How to recognize hazards. Mindset of the employee. How to reach the goal of a safe work

environment.

Behavioral SafetyBehavioral Safety

Effective Feedback: Must be sincere. Focus on actions that can be

observed (not attitudes). Focus on correct actions as well as

what can be done better.

Behavioral SafetyBehavioral Safety Receiving Feedback:

Listen with an open mind. Separate what the person says from

what you think about that person. Never overreact. Ask open, non-defensive questions. Focus on areas to improve. What is right should outweigh what is

wrong.

Behavioral SafetyBehavioral Safety Hazard Recognition:

Recognize the hazards in your work area.

A hazard is any source of energy that has a potential to cause harm.

If we can find the energy, we can eliminate or lessen the hazard.

Behavioral SafetyBehavioral Safety How do we identify hazards?

Use your knowledge and experience. Use your senses – sight, sound,

touch, smell, feel. Use your job planning skills.

Behavioral SafetyBehavioral Safety Types of Energy Sources:

Motion Chemical Radiation Electrical Gravity Heat/Cold Biological Pressure

Behavioral SafetyBehavioral Safety

In a culture of safety, everyone takes personal responsibility for their own safety as well as those around them.

Behavioral SafetyBehavioral Safety Once the energy source is identified, the

hazard must be evaluated. Can the job be done safely? How can I make the job safer? If something unforeseen happens,

will I stop work? Am I in the right state of mind to work

safely?

Behavioral SafetyBehavioral Safety

Talking about safety is the key to success. Everyone is obligated to speak up when

they see someone performing an at-risk behavior.

A culture of safety creates a level of trust that encourages people to speak up.

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InterventionIntervention

InterventionIntervention

Stop Work Authority (SWA)• Assessing hazards correctly depends

on each employee taking responsibility for their safety and that of their co-workers. • It is through this process that you can

determine if work must be stopped.

InterventionIntervention Employees have the RIGHT and

AUTHORITY to stop work without repercussions. Do it safely or not at all. There is always time do to it right.

InterventionInterventionAlways:• Operate in a safe and

controlled condition.• Ensure safety devices are in

place and functioning.• Follow safe work practices

and procedures.• Meet or exceed customer

requirements.

InterventionInterventionAlways:• Maintain integrity of dedicated systems.• Comply with all applicable rules and

regulations.• Address abnormal conditions.• Follow written procedures.• Involve the right people in decisions that

affect procedures and equipment.

InterventionInterventionHow Intervention Works:• Identify the perceived unsafe condition(s).

InterventionInterventionCoordinate the “Stop Work Action”• Start with the supervisor.• If the supervisor is not available and

affected persons are in immediate risk, initiate the “Stop Work” intervention.

• Notify all affected persons of the stop work issue.

InterventionIntervention• All parties shall discuss and gain

agreement on the stop work issue.• If the work is determined to be safe,

proceed with the work.• If the stop work issue is valid, resolve

the unsafe actions and proceed with work.

• If the stop work issue cannot be resolved immediately, suspend work until a resolution is achieved.

InterventionIntervention• Under no circumstances should

retribution be directed at any person(s) who exercise in good faith their stop work authority.

• All stop work interventions and associated detail shall be documented and reported.

Stop Work Authority(SWA)

Your Right, Your Responsibility

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Incident Reporting & Incident Reporting & InvestigationInvestigation

Incident ReportingIncident Reporting

Incident reporting is more than just notifying your company that an incident has occurred. It is a way for the company to look at what happened, investigate all the contributing factors and determine if work can be made safer for you and your co-workers.

Incident ReportingIncident Reporting

Types of incidents to report: Unsafe acts Unsafe conditions Any incident or injury – regardless of

severity Near hits

Incident ReportingIncident Reporting

How to report an incident:• Notify your Supervisor immediately

that something has happened.• Fill out a written report.

Incident ReportingIncident Reporting

There are two categories of incidents:• Non-Recordable: incidents that are kept

on the company register but not reportable to the Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA).• Recordable: incidents that are required

by OSHA to be reported on an annual basis.

Incident ReportingIncident ReportingNon-Recordable Injuries• For Record Only (FRO): an injury has

occurred but no medical treatment is required.• First Aid By Professional (FABP): an

injury has occurred and you wish to see a doctor.• Medical treatment is limited• No prescriptions are given• Return to work with no restrictions

Incident ReportingIncident ReportingRecordable Injuries Medical Only (MO): an injury has

occurred that requires medical treatment. Treatment is more that FABP Prescriptions may be given Return to work with no restrictions

Light Duty (LD): The employee receives medical attention. Return to work with restrictions

Incident ReportingIncident Reporting

• Lost Time (LT): an employee is injured and unable to work for a period of time.• Fatality (FA): loss of life.

Incident ReportingIncident Reporting

Incident Investigations:• Are conducted to determine who/what

is at fault.• Look at all contributing factors such

as people, equipment, materials or the work environment.• Help to reduce future incidents.

Help your employer make a safer work place for you and

your co-workers.

Work together.

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Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse Awareness

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse Awareness

• There are approximately 12.1 million people in America that perform a safety sensitive job in transportation.• These jobs are regulated by the

Department of Transportation (DOT) drug and alcohol regulations.• Your employer may have a policy to

prevent substance abuse along with many other agencies that govern prevention.

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessWorkplace Impact• Nearly ¾ of those who use illegal drugs

also work, and alcohol remains the leading drug abused with one in every ten people in the U.S. having a problem.

• People don’t check their substance abuse problems at the door when they come to work.

• Abuse has no boundaries: field workers to upper management positions can be affected.

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessFacts• 12% of the workforce reports heavy drinking.• 14% of employees abuse drugs on the job.• 60% of drug users will sell drugs to co-workers.• 40% of users will steal from the company.

• 8 times more likely to have attendance problems.• 5 times more likely to file workers comp. claims• 5 times more likely to have an accident.• 3.5 times more likely to injure others at work.• 300% higher medical costs and benefit usage.

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessEmployee Health• Substance abusers tend to neglect their

nutrition, sleep and other health needs. • Substance abuse depresses the immune

system which can lead to more frequent illness.

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessSafety• Safety is affected with the use of alcohol

and drugs.• Impairments affect:• Vision• Hearing• Attention span• Muscle coordination• Alertness• Mental acuity

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessProductivity• Employees who abuse alcohol or use drugs

can be physically and mentally impaired on the job.

• Substance abuse interferes with job satisfaction and the motivation to do a good job.

• Reduced output• Increased errors• Lower quality• Low customer satisfaction

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessDecision Making• Employees who use alcohol and/or

drugs often make poor decision and have a distorted perception of their abilities.

• Reduced innovation, creativity, competitiveness and poor

daily/strategic decisions.

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessMorale• The presence of an employee with drug

and/or alcohol problems places a strain on relationships between co-workers.• Higher turnover• Diminished quality• Reduced team effort

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessSecurity• Employees with drug and/or alcohol

problems often have financial difficulties, and employees using illegal drugs may conduct illegal activities in the workplace.• Theft• Law enforcement involved

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessImage and Community Relations• Accidents, lawsuits, and other incidents

may receive media attention.• Reduced trust and confidence• Reduced ability to attract high quality

employees• Decreased business/financial well-

being

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessUnderstanding Addiction• Employees with addiction problems are often

unhappy with their lives, but fail to realize their abuse is a major contributing factor.• The struggle with addiction is characterized

by repeated failures to control use and a need for greater amounts of the substance to achieve the desired effect.• Not everyone who uses alcohol or

experiments with illegal drugs becomes addicted.

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessUnderstanding Addiction• It is very difficult to recognize the

differences between use, abuse and addiction unless you are a trained professional.• If you suspect use, abuse or addiction do

not try to treat the employee yourself, get help.

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessUse• Use is typically socially accepted or

medically authorized.• Examples include having a drink with

friends or taking a prescribed anti-anxiety medication.• Use can be experimental, social/recreational

or a stress reliever.

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessAbuse• The use of a substance that is illegal or

harmful to oneself or others is considered problematic.• Examples include blackouts, accidents or

injuries, legal problems, poor job performance, and family or health problems.

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessAddiction• A number of individuals use or abuse

without becoming addicted, but for many the abuse continues despite attempts to stop.• The repeated, compulsive seeking or use of

a substance despite adverse social, psychological and/or physical consequences characterizes addiction.• A wide range of substance, both legal and

illegal, can be abused addictively.

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessAddiction• Addiction to alcohol and other drugs is:• Chronic: Once you develop the addiction, you will

always have to deal with/manage it.• Progressive: Addiction gets worse over time. A

biochemical change in the nervous system can persist even after the substance leaves the blood.

• Primary: Addiction is not just a symptom of an underlying problem. The addiction itself needs to be medically treated as the primary illness.

• Terminal: Addiction leads to disease and possibly death.

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessDenial• One of the most disturbing and confusing

aspects of addiction is that it is characterized by denial.• The user often seems to be the last to know

that his/her life is out of control.• There are effective strategies used by

professionals to help break through this denial.

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessSigns and Symptoms• Signs that someone is developing a problem

with alcohol and/or drugs cover a wide range and many of them are apparent on the job.

• No one wants to believe that a friend, co-worker or family member has an abuse problem.• Subtle changes in behavior are discounted,

changes.• Changes in friends, lack of interest in old

hobbies are minimized.

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessSigns and Symptoms• Emotional:• Aggression• Burnout• Anxiety

• Depression• Paranoia• Denial

• Behavioral:• Slow reactions• Impaired coordination• Slow/slurred speech• Irritability

• Excessive talking• Can’t sit still• Poor attention

span• Lack of energy

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessSigns and Symptoms• Physical:• Weight loss• Sweating• Chills• Smells of alcohol

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessEnabling• Enabling is action that you take to protect the

person with the problem from the consequences of his or her actions.• Covering up with excuses or doing their work.• Rationalizing the abuse.• Withdrawing from the problem.• Blaming yourself for the problem.• Controlling the abuse by throwing away the

supply.• Threatening to stop covering up.

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessCovering Up• Often the person with a problem will use

“traps” to protect themselves when being confronted.

• Sympathy• Excuses• Apologies• Diversions• Innocence• Anger• Pity• Tears

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessEmployee Assistance Program (EAP)• The EAP can help employees decide what to

do about their alcohol or drug problem.• The EAP can also help decide if someone in

your family or work group has a problem.• Conversations with the EAP are protected

and records are kept confidential. • There are clear limits on when and what

information the EAP can share and with whom.

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessOutside Help• If your company does not have

and EAP, you should still seek help.• Alcoholics Anonymous• Narcotics Anonymous• County or State addiction

agencies• County or State mental health

agencies

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessDrugs of Abuse• It is important to realize that all drugs, including

alcohol, chemically alter the mind and body. • Drugs and alcohol can hinder judgment, distort

perception, decrease reaction time and interfere with other skills necessary to do a job safely.

• We will review the signs and symptoms of :• Alcohol• Marijuana• Cocaine• Methamphetamine

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessAlcohol• Alcohol is a depressant and is the leading

drug of abuse.• Alcohol slows down the central nervous

system and brain function, reduces coordination and reflex actions.• People who would not ordinarily behave in

inappropriate ways can be persuaded to change their behavior.

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessAlcohol• Signs and symptoms may include:• Sweating• Nausea/Vomiting• Tremors• Delusions• Seizures

• Lack of coordination• Slowed reaction time• Poor judgment• Reduced inhibitions• Death

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessMarijuana• Marijuana is known for its intoxicating effects

and dreamy state of relaxation and euphoria.• All forms of marijuana have a negative

physical and mental effect.• Motivation and cognition may be altered,

making the acquisition of new information difficult.

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessMarijuana• Signs and symptoms may include:• Increased heart rate• Increased appetite• Bloodshot eyes• Dry mouth/throat• Chronic sore throat

• Altered smell, hearing, time, sight• Lack of coordination• Paranoia• Psychosis

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessCocaine• The most widely used stimulant.• Powerfully addictive drug leading to

physical and psychological dependence.• Stimulates the central nervous system.• Using contaminated equipment to inject

cocaine or other drug can transmit HIV, hepatitis and other diseases.

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessCocaine• Signs and symptoms may include:• Dilated pupils• Increased pulse• Insomnia• Paranoia• Seizures• Anxiety• Agitation

• Mood swings• Depression• Hallucinations• Elevated blood

pressure• Loss of appetite

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessMethamphetamine (Meth)• Meth is a highly addictive stimulant which

has long lasting effects that can cause user to stay awake for days during binges.• Meth is white or yellowish, odorless, and

bitter tasting powder that dissolves in water.• Other names for meth: crystal, ice, yabba,

glass, yellow bar, speed, trash, crack.

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse AwarenessMethamphetamine (Meth)• Meth is typically ingested orally, injected

intravenously, smoked or snorted.• Meth can start to affect he body within 3-5

minutes and can last up to 12 hours.• Chronic meth users also often display poor

hygiene, pale, unhealthy complexion and sores on their bodies from

picking at “crank bugs”.

Substance Abuse AwarenessSubstance Abuse Awareness• Drug and alcohol use, abuse and

addiction can affect more than just the user.• It is important that if you or someone you

know needs help don’t wait. Get help immediately.• The decisions you make about drug and

alcohol use can affect you, your family and your co-worker.

ACT RESPONSIBLY

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Prevention ofPrevention ofWorkplace ViolenceWorkplace Violence

Prevention of Workplace ViolencePrevention of Workplace Violence

• All employees should expect and receive a secure workplace with a mutual respect toward all co-workers and personnel.• It is impossible to plan for every event

that may unfold on the worksite.• All employees must prepare themselves

with basic emergency planning, response and evaluation skills to handle unforeseen events.

Prevention of Workplace ViolencePrevention of Workplace Violence

• Workplace Violence: any behavior, act or statement that would be interpreted by a reasonable person to be aggressive, intimidating, harassing, or unsafe, and that carries an expressed or implied intent to cause harm to a person or property.

Prevention of Workplace ViolencePrevention of Workplace Violence

Zero Tolerance• No responsible company will ignore,

condone, or tolerate disruptive, threatening, or violent behavior by any employee while at the workplace.

Prevention of Workplace ViolencePrevention of Workplace Violence

• Most people will not become violent without warning.• An escalating series of clues usually

precedes an act of workplace violence.• The risk of an outburst is greatly

increased when a combination of warning signs are ignored.

Prevention of Workplace ViolencePrevention of Workplace Violence

Warning Signs:• Boundary crossing• Chemical

dependence• Concentration

problems• Depression• Inconsistent work

patterns

• Obsessive interest in weapons• Pathological ‘blamer’• Romantic obsession• Safety issues• Paranoia

Prevention of Workplace ViolencePrevention of Workplace Violence• Employees become aware of a violent act

by the sounds of an explosion, gunfire, scuffling or by observation of events.• Employees are responsible for taking any

threat or violent act seriously.

Prevention of Workplace ViolencePrevention of Workplace Violence

• Report any acts of violence or threats of violence to your supervisor, or if necessary, the appropriate authorities.

Prevention of Workplace ViolencePrevention of Workplace Violence

If a violent situation arises:• Stay calm• Speak slowly and softly to reduce the

momentum of the situation.• Move away from any objects that may

be used to harm you.• Position yourself, if possible, so that

an exit route is readily accessible.

Prevention of Workplace ViolencePrevention of Workplace Violence

• Explosion – Leave the area immediately.• Gunfire – Take refuge in a secured area

with limited visibility to anyone on the outside.• Physical Threat – Leave the area

immediately.• Hostage Situation – Leave the area; take

no chances to endanger the life of the hostage.

Prevention of Workplace ViolencePrevention of Workplace Violence

• In an emergency situation, it is important to always remain calm and call for help.

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