et2080 jaringan telekomunikasi
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ET2080 JARINGAN TELEKOMUNIKASI. Signaling. Tutun Juhana – Program Studi Teknik Telekomunikasi. STEI - ITB . Definition. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
ET2080 JARINGAN TELEKOMUNIKASI
Tutun Juhana – Program Studi Teknik Telekomunikasi
STEI - ITB
Signaling
Definition The IEEE defines signaling as the
exchange of information specifically concerned with the establishment and control of connections and the transfer of user-to-user and management information in a telecommunication network
Conventional signaling has evolved with the telephone network
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With telephony, signaling is broken down in three functional areas: Supervisory Address Call progress: audible-visual
Another signaling breakdown is Subscriber signaling Interswitch (interregister) signaling
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Supervisory Signaling Supervisory signaling provides
information on line or circuit condition It informs a switch whether a circuit
(internal to the switch) or a trunk (external to the switch) is busy or idle, when a called party is off-hook or on-hook, and when a calling party is on-hook or off-hook
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Address Signaling Address signaling directs and routes a telephone
call to the called subscriber It originates as dialed digits or activated push-
buttons from a calling subscriber The local switch accepts these digits and, by
using the information contained in the digits, directs the call to the called subscriber
If more than one switch is involved in the call setup, signaling is required between switches (both address and supervisory)
Address signaling between switches is called interregister signaling
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Call Progress: Audible-Visual This type of signaling we categorize in
the forward direction and in the backward direction
In the forward direction there is alerting This provides some sort of audible-visual
means of informing the called subscriber that there is a telephone call waiting
This is often done by ringing a telephone’s bell
A buzzer, chime, or light may also be used for alerting.ET2080 Jaringan Telekomunikasi
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In the backward direction, among these are audible tones or voice announcements that will inform the calling subscriber the following: Ringback
This tells the calling subscriber that the distant telephone is ringing.
Busyback This tells the calling subscriber that the called line is busy
ATB-All Trunks Busy There is congestion on the routing. Sometimes a recorded
voice announcement is used here. Loud Warble on Telephone Instrument—Timeout This occurs when a telephone instrument has been left
off-hook unintentionally
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Signalling
Subscriber - exchange Exchange - exchange
Channel associated Common channel
Klasifikasi Signaling8
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Areas of Signaling There are mainly three areas of signaling during a
telephone call : between subscribers and exchanges. within exchanges. between exchanges.
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Exchange A Exchange B
between Subscriber
and exchange
within exchange
between exchange
s
Subscriber – Exchange Signaling
• Dari pelanggan ke sentral– Informasi kondisi off-hook– Informasi nomor B (nomor tujuan)– Informasi jumlah uang yang dimasukkan (khusus untuk
payphone)– Informasi kondisi on-hook ketika panggilan usai
• Dari sentral ke pelanggan A (nomor pemanggil)– Informasi bahwa sentral siap menerima nomor B– Informasi mengenai status B (busy atau tidak)– Informasi kongesti atau interception– Sinyal charging (khusus untuk payphone)
• Dari sentral ke pelanggan B– Sinyal ringing untuk menarik perhatian pelanggan B
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• Pelanggan A mengangkat telepon, hal ini dapat berarti– A ingin menghubungi seseorang– Pesawat A berbunyi lalu menjawab
• Sentral dapat mendeteksi keadaan telepon apakah merupakan panggilan atau jawaban
• Sentral menanggapi panggilan dengan mengirimkan dial tone
• A mengirimkan digit nomor B (B number)
• Sentral menganalisa digit lalu mencek apakah B ada dan tidak busy. Ringing tone dikirimkan ke A sedangkan sinyal ringing ke B
• B mengangkat handset, sentral mendeteksinya sebagai jawaban
• Ketika A dan B menyimpan handset, sentral mendeteksi sebagai sinyal clear lalu koneksi diputuskan
Bsentral
Off-hook
Dialling tone
conversation
A
NOMOR
Ringing tone Ringing signal
~425Hz ~90V, 20-25 Hz
answer
Clear forwardClear back
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Off-Hook Signaling (Analog) Loop Start (almost all telephones)
Seizure is detected when current flows through local loop, due to off-hook
Ground Start (antar PBX (Private Branch Exchange) atau antara PBX dengan Sentral Lokal) Seizure (upaya pendudukan kanal komunikasi) is detected when
one wire is grounded Seizure can be initiated in both directions Untuk mengindikasikan status on/off-hook ke sentral lokal
Ground Start
Source: Cisco Interactive Mentor12 ET2080 Jaringan Telekomunikasi
Switch Switch
Loop Start Ground Start
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Exchange – exchange Signaling Channel Associated Signalling (CAS) Common Channel Signalling (CCS)
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Channel Associated Signaling
Signaling dilakukan menggunakan kanal yang juga digunakan untuk mentransfer informasi
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Channel Asociated Signalling
• Informasi speech dan informasi signalling mengalir melalui jalur yang sama
• Beberapa macam CAS– Signalling dilakukan secara bersama pada
kanal untuk speech (DC signalling, inband)– Signalling dilakukan pada kanal yang sama
dengan speech tetapi menggunakan frekuensi yang berbeda (out-band)
• Contoh: Signalling dilakukan melalui timeslot 16 (PCM signalling)
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Seizure acknowledgment
Pelanggan A Pelanggan B
sentral sentral
seizure
B number
answer
conversation
Clear forward
Clear back B- hangs up
A- hangs up
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Forward and Reverse direction Forward signal mengalir dari sentral
telepon tempat A berada menuju sentral telepon tempat B berada
Backward signal mengalir pada arah yang berlawanan dengan forward signal
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Common Channel Signaling
Signaling menggunakan kanal yang terpisahdari kanal untuk mentransfer informasi Terdapatjaringan signaling tersendiri
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Signaling System Number 7 (SS #7)
Signaling System NO. 720
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Signaling System No. 7 (SS No. 7) was developed to meet the stringent signaling requirements of the all-digital network based on the 64-kbps channel
It is a data network entirely dedicated to interswitch signaling
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SS No. 7 is described as an international standardized general-purpose common-channel signaling system that: Is optimized for operation with digital networks
where switches used stored-program control (SPC)
Can meet present and future requirements of information transfer for interprocessor transactions with digital communications networks for call control, remote control, network database access and management, and maintenance signaling
Provides a reliable means of information transfer in correct sequence without loss or duplication
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CCS7 Network Components
The CCS7 Network consists of the following Components : SP -Signaling Point : The SP is the source or
originating entity of the signaling message. STP-Signaling Transit Point : These entities
transfer the signaling message to another SP or STP without processing the signaling message.
SRP – Signaling Relay Point : These are STPs with ability tp process the signaling message.
SEP – Signaling End Point : The SEP is defined to be the terminating point of the signaling message
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CCS7 Network Architecture A typical SS7 network is a mixture of various SPs STPs SRPs
and SEPs, As shown below :
SP (SPC=100)
SRP (SPC=400)
STP (SPC=300)
STP (SPC=200)
SEP (SPC=500)
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CCS7 Terminologies SPC : SPC is defined as signaling point code which
uniquely identifies each element within the SS7 network.
Signaling Links : The signaling links transmit signaling messages between the communicating entities.
Signaling Link Set : A signaling link set is a collection of signaling links between two signaling entities.
Signaling Route : A signaling route is defined to be the path through which signaling messages are exchanged between two entities. There can be multiple signaling routes between two SPCs, wherein there will be one primary route and several alternate routes.
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SS7 Routing Modes Associated Mode :
In the associated mode, the signaling link is routed together with the circuit group belonging to the link. In other words, the signaling link is directly connected to signaling points which are also the terminal points of the circuit group. This mode of signaling is recommended when the capacity of the traffic relation between the signaling points A and B is heavily utilized.
Associated Mode of Signaling
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SS7 Routing Modes Quasi associated mode :
In the quasi-associated mode of signaling, the signaling link and the circuit group run along different routes, the circuit group connecting the signaling point. A is directly connected with the signaling point B. For this mode the signaling, the circuit group is carried out via one or more defined signaling transfer points. This signaling mode is favorable for traffic relations with low capacity utilization, as the various signaling links can be used for several destinations.
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SS7 Network Structure
SPC=100
SPC=200
SPC=300
SPC=100
SPC=400
SPC=500
SPC=600
SPC=400
SPC=900 SPC=800
SPC=700
SPC=800
SPC=100
SPC=100
SPC=300
SPC=200
INAT 0
NAT 0
NAT 1
NAT 1 NAT 1
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SS7 Protocol Structure SS7 protocol stack can be broadly divided into two main
categories :
A ) MTP – Message Transfer Part : The message transfer part has three levels , namely MTP Layer 1, Layer 2 and Layer 3. The message transfer part (MTP) represents a user-neutral means of transport for messages between the users.
B ) User Parts (UP) : Each user part (UP) encompasses the functions, protocols and coding for the signaling via SS7 for a specific user type (e.g. data service, ISDN). In this way, the user parts control the set-up and release of circuit connections, the processing of facilities as well as administration and maintenance functions for the circuits.
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SS7 Protocol Structure
MTP Layer 3 (Network Management)
MTP Layer 1 (Signaling Data Link)
MTP Layer 2 (Signaling Link)
SCCP
BSSAP
ISUPTCAP
TCAP Users
SS7 Users
MUP
Other User Parts
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Contoh signaling CCS#7IAM: Paket pertama yang membawa informasi nomor BSisa nomor berikutnya dibawa oleh SAM
ACM: Paket yang berisi konfirmasi dari sentral B bahwa seluruh digit sudah diterima; selain itu paket ini berisi pula informasi apakah panggilan dapat di-charge atau tidak juga apakah pelanggan tujuan sibuk atau tidak
Ketika pelanggan B off-hook, sentral B mengirimkansinyal ACN untuk mengaktifkan charging
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