establishment of avalanche warning services in iceland. auður elva kjartansdóttir geographer,...
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Establishment of avalanche warning services in Iceland.
Auður Elva KjartansdóttirGeographer, Avalanche section, Weather DepartmentIcelandic Meteorological Office e-mail: [email protected]: +354 893 2200
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Death due to natural hazards in Iceland 1901 to 2000 (Tómas Jóhannesson, 2001)
Type of hazard Number of deaths
Sea and drowning Thousands
Weather Hundreds
Avalanches 166
Mudslide and falling rock
27
Volcanic eruption 2
Earthquake 1
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Places where avalanche accidents have occurred (Helgi Björnsson 1980)
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Deaths due to avalanches in villages 1801-2000
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Deaths due to avalanches in villages in recent years
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Primary villages that have avalanche danger.
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Neskaupstaður 20. Dec. 1974.
Hjörleifur Guttormsson
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Neskaupstaður 20. Dec. 1974, Mánahúsið Hjörleifur Guttormsson
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Patreksfjörður January 1983
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Weather, 15th of January 1995
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Súðavík 16. January 1995
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Flateyri 26. október 1995
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tolarated risk for villages.
Area. Lower limit of risk.
Upper limit of risk.
Allowed structures.
C 3*10.000 -
No new structures.
B 1*10.000 3*10.000
It is ok to build houses other than schools, kindergartens and hospitals. If they are built to bear Instant pressure from 20 up to 90 kN/m2.
A 0,3*10.000 1*10.000
It is ok to build all houses, and schools, kindergarten and hospitals If they are built to bear Instant pressure from 5 up to 20 kN/m2
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Photo: Oddur Sigurðsson
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Grid of Snow observers
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Snow observers web site
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The Avalanche danger table used in the Weather Office of Iceland.
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Dags Ólafsvík Bíldudalur Tálknafjörður Patreksfjörður Bolungarvík Ísafjörður Siglufjörður Ólafsfjörður Seyðisfjörður Neskaupstaður Eskifjörður
10. nov 1 1 2 1+ 1 + 1+ 1 Nánast autt
14.nóv 2 2 2 2+ 1 1
17. nóv 2 2 2 2 1
21.nóv 1 1 2 2+ 2- 1 2 1 1 1
26.nóv 2+ 3 2+ 1+ 1
28. nóv 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 3+ 3+ 2+ 2 2
4.des 2- 2 2 1 2- 1
8.des 2 2 2+ 1 1 1
11.des 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1
15.des 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2
18.des 1 1 1 3 2 2 3 3 2
22. ses 1 1 1 1+ 1 1 2 1 1 1
28.des 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3./5. jan 07 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
9.jan 1 1 1 1 2 1+ 2 1+ 1 1
12.jan 1 1 2 2 2 1+ 1
19.jan 2+ 2+ 2+ 2 2+ 2 2
23.jan 2- 2+ 3 3 2+ 2
26.jan 1 2 2 1 2 2-
2.feb 1 1 1 1
5.feb 2 1 1 1 1
9.feb 2 1 1 1 1-
12. feb 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
16.feb 1 2 1 1 2- 2
20.feb 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
23.feb 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
27.feb 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
2. mar 2 2 2 1+ 2 2
5.mar 1 2+ 2+ 2 2 2 2
9. mar 2+ 3
13.mar 1 2 3+ 3 2 3 2 2 2
16.mar 1 2 3 2 3 2+
19.mar 2 2 2++ 3+ 3 2+ 2+ 2 2
23.mar 2 1
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Deaths due to avalanches outside villages1801-2000
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