establishment a water purification plant- brma

A

REPORT ON

ESTABLISHMENT

OF A WATER PURIFICATION PLANT

Submitted By,

PGDM-04

Nilanjan Paul

A report on establishment of a WATER PURIFICATION PLANT

Mineral Water Factory Set up Idea

Introduction

Mineral Water originally meant water from various natural springs which are thought to be

having medicinal and curative value. These spring waters, although contain dissolved

chemicals of medicinal properties, also contain harmful micro-organisms. Besides this the

underground and surface water is also not potable due to hardness as well as due to presence

of toxic substances and Bacteria. This requires suitable treatment and purification to make it

safe and potable drinking water with long shelf life. The water is packed in suitable food

grade packing generally in PVC or PET Bottles of different capacities.

Bottled Mineral Water Plants

Demand of Mineral is growing very vastly in town. Mineral water using in every office,

party, travel, schools, and home in every city of India. This is the one of the most profitable

business in India. Most of people use the Mineral water for drinking now in every city of

India. This business is evergreen business.

There are many type of plants for every type of budget. You can start bottled mineral water

plant as your budget. There are many companies by which you can buy the water treatment

plant. That company installs the plant at client’s site. You can buy a bottle packing machine

extra for packing the mineral water. This machine comes in different type of capacity.

Bottled Mineral Water Plants may establish in a small piece of land. If you have approx 1000

sq. meter you can install a Bottled Mineral Water Plant. You can start this most profitable

business in approx Rs. 3-5 lacs. Banks sections loan for this project.

Product

Water in its pure from is oxide of hydrogen or hydride of Oxygen. It is transparent and

colourless liquid with a melting point of 0°C and a boiling point of 100°C. Its refractive index

is 1.00 and specific gravity 1.0. Pure water is tasteless, however the presence of minerals and

dissolved salts and gases impart taste in the water. Depending upon the quality of Raw water,

suitable treatment is given to the water to make it as per the standards and packed in food

grade plastic Bottles with label Indicating details of composition, date of bottling, expiry

date, quantity etc.


Suggested Capacity

The minimum economic capacity for the manufacture of Mineral-water is 15000 Bottles

per day or 45 Lacs Bottles per year.

FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED

BEFORE ESTABLISHMENT

Market

The Consumption of Bottled Mineral water is linked mainly with tourism industry as the

concept has virtually been imported from the western lifestyle. The necessity of safe and

hygienic drinking water laid to an increase of it demand in star Hotels, get togethers,

conferences and Banquets. The demand for mineral water by the year 2000 is expected to be

about 1200 Lakhs Bottles per annum. Parle groups Bisleri and Bailey have about 70% of

share of the total market and the balance is shared among other brands.

Land & Building

The unit requires about 1000 sq. metres of land with covered area of 500 sq.metres and to

save on it should be established in the outskirts of the city so that raw materials are available

and the cost of production is minimised.

Raw Materials

The requirement of raw materials for the manufacture of 45 lakh bottles (one litre) of Mineral

Water per year is as under:-

PVC Bottles : 45 Lakh Nos.

HDPE Caps : 45 Lakh Nos.

Corrugated Boxes : 3.75 Lakh Nos

Customers Needs & Preferences


The product or final packaged water should be produced keeping in mind the needs and

wants of target customers. A great deal of customer satisfaction should be provided.

The Government Regulations

The government regulations usually vary from one country to another. This type of business

is under the FDA (Federal and Drug Administration). The said entity is responsible for

ensuring that the bottled water is safe from procurement and processing. It will also cover the

bottling process and finally, the transportation. You have to determine the rules in advance

and make sure that you don’t violate anything. By doing so, you will sell pure and consistent

bottled water. Never sell tap water, claiming that it is bottled water. Otherwise,

Environmental Protection Agency or EPA will sanction your business and may result to a

close out. This is a highly competitive industry and you must ensure that you’re marketing

water effectively. Identify the weaknesses of your competitors and use it to enhance your

business. If you can offer something unique, customers will surely patronize your business.

To increase your sales, you can sell bottled water during soccer games, basketball, and other

sporting events. You can even maintain an online business site to reach a wider market. Make

sure that you provide for a shopping cart to make the buying process easy. You can use the

business plan to secure capital for your new business. With the right advertising methods, you

can make lots of money.


TECHNICAL ASPECTS

Processing and Bottling

Raw water to be processed is collected in tanks. A known quantity is pumped into the above

tank where the water is dozed with alum for coagulation with heavy metals or insoluble

matters.

The water after coagulation is allowed to settle for an hour. The impurities may be removed

by Reverse Osmosis techniques also. The supernatant water is taken to the chlorination tank

where primary disinfection is brought about by bubbling chlorine gas. The water is then

passed through sand filters for trapping of undisclosed impurities. The water after sand

filteration is passed through Carbon filters for removal of odour, colour and also for

dechlorination. It is then passed through series of micro fillers comprising 5 micron, 1 micron

and 0.4 micron filter followed by ultraviolet disinfection system for terminal disinfection.

Packing is done in PET bottles of 1 litre capacity through an automatic rinsing, filling, and

capping machine fitted with an Ozone generator. The bottles after capping are shrink

wrapped (Optional) and packed in corrugated boxes of one dozen each.


Utilities

The unit will require a total connected load of 60 KVA and a maximum demand of 50

KVA. Water requirement is about 11 5000 KL per annum.

Personnel’s

The unit requires to employ about 20 persons including staff for office and factory for

production supervision and administration.

Quality Control and Standards

The plain drinking water has to be bottled in pet bottle as per IS Specifications

(IS:14543:1998: Packaged Drinking Water and IS:13428:1998: Packaged Mineral Water).

The details of the specification can be obtained from Bureau of Indian Standard, Manak

Bhawan, 9, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002.


Manufacturing Process

Raw water is purified by passing it through sand filter and Activated carbon filter. Excess

hardness is reduced by softner and the softened water is passed through micron filters to

make it sparkling clear. To make it bacteria free this water is passed through ultraviolet light

radiation. Packing of the water is done by Bottling System comprising of the facilities of

Bottling system comprising of the facilities of Bottle rinsing, Filling and capping, Bottled

mineral water is packed in the cartons.

Plant & Machinery

Raw water pump

Sand filter

Activated carbon filter

Softener

Micron Filteration system

Ultra Violet System Water Storage Tanks

Automatic bottle Rinsing, filling and Capping line.


Pollution Control

Although this unit will not affect the environment, but the entrepreneurs are advised to

obtain, No Objection Certificate from competent authority of State Pollution Control Board.

They should develop Kitchen Garden in the factory premises to utilise waste water from the

plant.

Energy Conservation


Suitable measures should be adopted to use appropriate amount of fuel and electricity. The

promoters should arrange periodic auditing of electrical consumption, as the unit will be

running in three shifts. Unnecessary operation of machines should be controlled to avoid

excess consumption of electricity. Natural ventilation in production premises may be made

available to avoid use of electrical power during day hours.

Licensing Requirements

The following licenses/ approvals are to be obtained for setting up a packaged drinking water

plant in India:

Small scale industries registration

ISI certification from Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)

Pollution control certificate

Water test report from an authorized laboratory of raw water

Pest control certification

Certificates from chemist, microbiologist

Medical certificates for workers

No objection certificate (NOC) from Gram Panchayat, if applicable

Registration of trademark

Documents related to ownership of land/lease of land for setting up the plant

Memorandum of association of companies/partnership deed, if applicable.

Electrical load sanction

Sanction layout plan


THE FACTORY LAYOUT MODEL THAT

MAY BE ADOPTED


REQUIREMENTS


2000 LPH Std Plant 2000 LPH Economy

Plant Just Jars Plant

Notable

Points Most Feasible

Bottle Cost High as No

Blowing Facility

Focussed , but not

equipped to handle all

types of demands

List of

Machinery

1. Water Treatment Plant

2. Bottle Blowing Unit

3. Bottle Filling Machine

30 BPM Auto

4. Pouch Packing Machine

5. Ink Jet Coder


2. Bottle Filling Machine

18 BPM Semi Auto

3. Pouch Packing Machine


2. Jar Rinse-Fill-Capping

Machine [Auto]

Machinery – 40 Lakhs 26 Lakhs 20 Lakhs

Building

Cost

Calculated

@ Rs.800/-

per Sq ft.

3000 Sft ( 24 Lakhs) 2000 Sft ( 16 Lakhs ) 2000 Sft ( 16 Lakhs)

Description Bottles, Jar, Pouch , with

Bottle Making Machine

also.

Bottle, Jar, Pouch ,

WITHOUT Bottle Making

Machine

Just 20 Ltr Jar Filling Line

Manpower Moderate , 3 Managerial,7

Workers

Moderate , 2 Managerial,6

Workers

Moderate , 1 Managerial,5

Workers

FINANCIAL PLANNING ASPECTS

Estimated cost of the project

The project cost for setting up a unit a manufacturer of (45 lakh Bottles) per annum is

estimated as follows:


1. Land & site development 4, 50,000

2. Building 10, 70,000

3. Plant & machinery 23, 50,000

4. Technical know-how & engineering

fees 30,000

5. Other misc. fixed assets 6, 00,000

6. Preliminary & preoperative expenses 6, 00,000

7. Margin money for working capital 5, 00,000

8. Contingencies 4, 00,000

TOTAL 60,00,000

Suggested Means of Financing

1. Long term loan 43, 00,000

2. State cash subsidy 6, 50,000

3. Promoters capital 10, 50,000

TOTAL 60,00,000

Below are the Cost and the Profit Margin:

Cost of Production/250 ml Pouch

Sr. No. Description Cost [Rs.]

1. Empty Pouch with Printing 0.14


2. Water Cost 0.02

3. Transportation 0.02

4. Misc Cost 0.03

5. Interest on Capital 0.03

6. Operating Cost 0.23

7. Selling Cost 0.35

Margin 0.12

Production/ 1 Litre Bottle


1. Cost of Bottle + Cap 2.90

2. Shrink Label 0.30

3. Shrink Cap 0.80

4. R.O. Water 0.16

5. Misc Cost 0.10

6. packing Cost 0.20




Margin 1.71

Cost of Production/20 Litre Jar


1. Cost of Water 0.60

2. Cost of Maintenance 1.00

3. Transportation 1.00


5. Misc. Cost 0.40



Margin 16.40

FORMS OF FINAL PRODUCTS


BASIS AND PRESUMPTIONS

This project has been drawn on the basis of following presumptions.

1) Working hours : 8 per shift


2) Number of : 3 shift/day

3) Number of : 300 Working days per annum

4) Total number of : 72 working hours

5) Working : 75% efficiency

6) Total period for : Third year achieving from maximum the date of capacity

commencement utilisation of production.

7) Margin money : 25% of Capital Investment

8) Rate of Interest : 15% per annum of Capital

9) Construction Cost of Building, Cost of Land, Labour Charges and Cost of Plant,

Machinery and Equipment have been considered as per prevailing rates in the market.

10) Cost of Installation and Electrification of Machinery and Equipment has been taken

at the rate of 10% of the cost of Plant and Machinery.

11) Operative period of the project has been considered as 7 years.

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

It is expected that total time of about 9 months will be taken from the date of approval of the

scheme for complete implementation. Break-up of the activities and relative time for each of

them is shown below:

Nature of Time Period Activity (in months)

1). Preparation of Project 0-1 month and its approval

2). SSI Provisional 1-3 months Registration

3). Sanction of Loan 2-5 months

4). Clearance from 2-5 months Pollution Control Board and taking permission from

Municipal Health Authority/BIS etc.

5). Placement Order for 4-6 months machinery of equipment

6). Installation of machinery 6-8 months.

7). Power connection 2-6 months arrangement from Electricity Board.

GENERAL MANAGEMENT QUESTIONS PRIOR TO

ESTABLISHMENT


1. What is the Profit Margin? This states that after a period of time what is the total margin that the firm would be earning

after conducting several business operations.

2. How much is the investment?

The investment truly depends upon the type of plant & the Capacity of plant Let me explain

this in details.

• Type of Plant :

Some people may look at a prosperous Jar Market, at the same time some other may feel

that they should go for bottles, jars & Pouches. Some of you may feel that they will start

with just bottle filling. Empty Bottles bought out where as some will want to have complete

bottle making Set as well.

So the decision of “Which type of Plant” Truly depends upon your targeted Market

segments. Once you decide what to have in your product mix, you can decide the machinery

and other things.

To get an idea of how to decide the plant Capacity.

Now to arrive at the Mineral Water Plant Cost.

These are the elements which are combined each other.

Machinery & Equipment

All machines like Water Treatment, Bottling, Lab equipment etc. will come under this.

• Utilities: Water Electricity Air Conditioning, air Compressor etc.

• Liaison Expenses : ISI License & other Government License expenditure.

• Consultancy Charges : Like ISI Consultancy project funding etc.

• Building Cost : Construction, interior cost

3. How much is the ROI (Return on Investment)?

Usually , if the business is run professionally , the invested money will be returned to the

investor by the business in 3.5 years. So you can say that ROI is 30 % per annum.

http://mineralwaterprojectinformation.org/mineral-water-plant-cost/


4. What are the Risk Factors?

After working closely in this industry, I have observed that the TOP risk factor in this

business is Improfessional Management of the business. I will highlight main elements in

this:-

(a) Execution Failure:-

Such a plant calls for detailed steps to get executed in time, with detailed clear-cut duties

explained. If not, there is a mess of things & plant fails to get executed in time, in turn you

will be left with LOSSES.

(b) No Proper Co-ordination:-

After you finalize the plant supplier, failing to do a proper co-ordination with him is the

major reason. Non-appointment of a Project Guy OR not maintaining schedules will result in

delay in execution

(c) No Documentation:-

People go by intuition, without doing proper study on what they have to sell, what market

they have, how are they going about it etc. And they do not keep any documentation about

this. Then misunderstandings and all……

(d) Absence of Parallel execution system :-

It means , at a time you will need to carry out various cycles, absence of this will again

increase project period.

e) Habit of doing everything on your own :-

Keep in mind, you are a businessman, and a businessman delegates, does not do everything.

As an entrepreneur, your job is to get people, tools. And giving the tools to the best people

who are going to do that.

5. How to minimize the Risk Factors ?

I know, 100 % risks can’t be avoided, but can be reduced to a great extent, no doubts. Here is

how you can do it :-

a. Invest in EDUCATION. Just keep eyes around you, there are many people conducting

courses in Packaged Drinking Water Business from time to time. Keep an eye on that. Even

we also do have a Training Course on Packaged Drinking Water . The course is fully online,

has a great content.

http://mineralwaterprojectinformation.org/article/10-point-checklist-to-find-the-right-mineral-water-plant-manufacturers-for-your-mineral-water-project/

http://mineralwaterprojectinformation.org/Course/


The best part is:- It’s delivered through mail, so you can learn at your own pace.

b. Do a proper project execution plan- step by step. Prepare an excel sheet, note down all

duties, steps etc, who to do what, what date etc.

DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION


1) Do you drink tap water?

RESPONSE RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

YES 28 28%

NO 72 72%

TOTAL 100 100%

GRAPH-1

1. (a) If “NO” Why Not?

28

72

DRINKING TAP WATER

YES

NO


GRAPH-1.(a)

1. (b) If “YES” how would you rate the quality of your tap water?


Taste/Odour 54 54%

Appearance 9 9%

Quality 31 31%

Others (specify) 6 6%

TOTAL 100 100%

RESPONSE RESPONDENTS

Excellent 5

Good 21

Satisfactory 59

Poor 15

TOTAL 100

54

9

31

6

REASON FOR NOT DRINKING TAP WATER

TASTE/ODOUR

APPEARANCE

QUALITY

OTHERS(SPECIFY)


GRAPH-1.(b)

2) Do you use a water filter (PURIFIER) at home for drinking water?


YES 74 74%

NO 26 26%

TOTAL 100 100%

5

21

59

15

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Excellent Good Satisfactory Poor

QUALITY RATE

QUALITY RATE


GRAPH-2

3) Do you buy Packaged Drinking Water (Bottled water)?


YES 76 76%

NO 24 24%

TOTAL 100 100%

74

26

USE AT HOME

YES

NO


GRAPH-3

3. (a) If “YES” Why?


76

24

BUY

YES

NO


GRAPH-3. (a)

4) How frequently do you buy “PACKAGED DRINKING WATER”?


Regularly 19 19%

Quite often 61 61%

Occasionally 5 5%

Never 15 15%

Taste/Odour 21

Appearance 19

Quality 60

Others (specify) 0

Total 100

21 19

60

00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Taste/Odour Appearance Quality Others

(specify)

REASON FOR BUYING PACKAGED DRINKING WATER

REASON FOR BUYING

BOTTLED WATER


TOTAL 100 100%

GRAPH-4

5) What is the size of “PACKAGED DRINKING WATER”

(Bottled Water) that you prefer?


500ml 17

1 litre 61

2 litre 19

5 litre 3

TOTAL 100

19

61

515

BUYING HABIT

Regularly

Quite often

Occasionally

Never


17

61

19

3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

500ml 1 litre 2 litre 5 litre

SIZE

SIZE

GRAPH-5

6) How much are you willing to invest to buy a “PACKAGED

DRINKING WATER”?



GRAPH-6

7) Which brand of “PACKAGED DRINKING WATER”

(Bottled Water) do you prefer”?

Less than ₹10 26 26%

₹10 - ₹15 15 15%

₹15 - ₹20 5 55%

More than ₹20 15 4%

TOTAL 100 100%

26

1555

4

INVESTMENT

Less than Rs.10

Rs.10-Rs.15

Rs.15-20

More than Rs.20


GRAPH-7

8) Do you buy Bottled Water more often for home consumption or

socially (e.g. when out travelling)?


Bisleri 50 50%

Kinley 15 15%

Bailey 15 15%

Others (specify) 20 20%

TOTAL 100 100%

50

15

15

20

BRAND

Bisleri

Kinley

Bailey

Others (specify)


GRAPH-8


Home Consumption 28 28%

Socially 72 72%

TOTAL 100 100%

28

72

CONSUMPTION

Home Consumption

Socially


9) Does your household regularly use a recycling scheme provided by

the council/ the State?


YES 37 37%

NO 63 63%

TOTAL 100 100%

GRAPH-9

37

63

RECYCLING SCHEME

YES

NO


10) Do you take empty plastic bottles home to be recycled or put

them in the nearest bin?


YES 73 73%

NO 27 27%

TOTAL 100 100%

GRAPH-10

73

27

RECYCLE OR PUT BOTTLE IN BIN

YES

NO


INTERPRETATION

SAMPLE SIZE- 100 72% of the respondents do not drink tap water while the remaining 28% of the

respondents prefer tap water.

54% of the respondents do not drink tap water for its bad taste/odour; while 31% for

its quality, 9% respondent dislike its appearance while the remaining 6% for other

reasons.

Among those who drink tap water 59% of the respondents feel the water is

satisfactory, while 21% of respondents have rated it as good, 15% of the respondents

think the quality of their tap water is poor and the remaining 5% have rated it

excellent.

74% respondents (amongst100 people) use a water filter (purifier) at home while the

remaining 26% people do not use a water purifier.

76% respondents have said that they buy Packaged drinking water or Bottled water

while the remaining 24% respondents do not buy packaged water.

From among those who buy Packaged drinking water, 60% of the respondents have

said that they buy Packaged water for its Quality, 21% for its taste/odour and the

remaining 19% for its Appearance.

61% of the respondents buy Packaged drinking water Quite often, 19% Regularly, 5%

Occasionally and the remaining 15% have said Never.

61% of the respondents prefer a 1 litre bottle, while 19% of respondents for a 2 litre

bottle, 17% for a 500 ml bottle while 3% for a 5 litre bottle.

55% of the respondents are willing to spend between ₹15-₹20, while 26% are willing

to spend less than ₹10, 15% have preferred a price range between ₹10-₹15 while 4%

more than ₹20.

50% of the respondents prefer Bisleri as their most trusted Packaged drinking water,

while 15% prefer Kinley and 15% prefer Bailey, while the remaining 20% prefer

Packaged water of other other brands.

72% of the respondents buy Packaged drinking water when they are out Socially

while the remaining 28% buy for Household consumption.

63% of the respondents do not use a recycling scheme provided by the Council/Govt

while the remaining 37% respondents regularly use it.

73% respondents take plastic bottles home that are to be recycled or put them in the

nearest bin while the remaining 27% do not practise such habits.


RECOMMENDATIONS

The following things need to kept in mind before establishment of a WATER PURIFIER

PLANT.

They are mainly:

The factory should be set up in a rural area or in the outskirts of the city so that there

is adequate availability of raw materials and other resources.

The plant layout and structure should be judiciously planned to minimize wastage and

enhance productivity.

The machinery and other equipments that needs to be set up should be of latest

technology so that it will meet the current requirements.

The pricing policy of final product should be such that sales is maximised and

customers requirements are met.

The products should be of a pure standard as prescribed by the laws of the country.

Capacity Planning is an important thing that the business must adopt before its

establishment.

There should be availability of skilled employees and sufficient water sources to

enhance efficient production.

The cost involved in production of Packaged Drinking Water should be such that the

organisation can earn a reasonable margin of profit.

The Packaging of the product should be eco-friendly and quite attractive so that it

may attract new customers.

The detailed research should be conducted about the present competitors products and

their strategies and thereby a differentiation strategy may be adopted.

Quality Assurance should be of utmost priority of any Water Purification Plant.

The social demands should be met and fair trade practices must be conducted in order

to survive in the industry.

Environment Concern should be another area of concern that should be considered

prior to establishment so that toxic effluents aren’t discharged into the environment.


CONCLUSION

After all these weeks, it is still difficult to make a global decision, because many people have

different preferences about the use of a treatment plant or individual system (system with

plants or tanks). Decision needs to be made looking into the future and the problems that will

occur in the future. And these problems will especially occur by the use of large treatment

plants.

The energy will become more expensive in the future because the nuclear plants must

disappear before 2025. So using large treatment plants will be more expensive by the use of

large pumps and motors in the plant. The government will probably raise the waste water

treatment costs for the citizens.

These are two reasons which confirm that the usage of treatment plants is not that good in the

future. But there will not be a future without treatment plants because we simply need them.

We cannot place individual treatment facilities in cities for every family, house or apartment

because there is no space to install the facilities. But the quantity and size of plants can be

decreased in the future if more villagers take an individual system. The size of a plant can

hereby be decreased and there will also be less energy consumption of the plant.

People that have the choice between a treatment plant and individual system must look at a

long period. The purchase price is high of an individual system. But they pay less money to

the government. And the purchase price drops a lot if the person can build a system with

plants instead of buying a system with plants from a company. People can use subsidies if

they buy a individual system, but some people must wait a long time before they get these or

do not receive them at all.

So a future without treatment plants is impossible, but we can decrease the size and energy

consumption of these plants if more people use an individual system. This will be

economically better for people that use the individual system and also for people that live in

the cities. Smaller plants are cheaper to build, maintain and uses less energy. Hereby the

government has smaller costs, so people can pay less water treatment costs to the

government.

Small plants are also better for the environment because they need less space and make less

noise.

I hope that everyone that followed my blog has learned a bit about waste water treatment, the

different systems and off course the purpose of waste water purification and influence of the

systems on society and environment.


QUESTIONNAIRE

1) Do you drink tap water?

A) YES

B) NO

If “NO” Why Not?

a) Taste/Odour. b)Appearance

c) Quality d)Others (specify) __________

If “YES” how would you rate the quality of your tap water?

a) Excellent b) Good

c)Satisfactory d) Poor

2) Do you use a Water Filter (PURIFIER) at home for drinking water?

a) YES

b) NO

3) Do you buy Packaged Drinking Water?

a) YES

b) NO

If “YES” Why?

a) Taste/Odour. b)Appearance

c) Quality d)Others (specify) __________

4) How frequently do you buy “PACKAGE DRINKING WATER”?

a) Regularly b)Quite often

c) Occasionally d) Never


5) What is the size of “PACKAGED DRINKING WATER” that you

prefer?

a) 500ml b) 1 litre

c) 2 litre d) 5 litre

6) How much are you willing to invest to buy“BOTTLED WATER”?

a) Less than ₹10 b) ₹10 - ₹15

c) ₹15 - ₹20 d) More than ₹20

7) Which brand of “Bottled water do you prefer”?

a) Bisleri b) Kinley

c) Bailey d) Others (specify) __________

8) Do you buy bottled water more often for home consumption or

socially (e.g. when out travelling)?

a) Home Consumption b) Socially

9) Does your household regularly use a recycling scheme provided for

by the council/ the State?

a) YES b) NO

10) Do you take empty plastic bottles home (for recycling) or put them in

the nearest bin?

a) YES b) NO

Do you have any suggestions?

____________________________________________________