essentials of computing i csci 104 computing concepts
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Essentials Of Computing I CSCI 104 Computing Concepts. Objectives. Explain the five parts of an information system : people , procedures, software , hardware , and data . Distinguish between system and application software. Discuss the three kinds of system software programs. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
ESSENTIALS OF COMPUTING I
CSCI 104
COMPUTING CONCEPTS
OBJECTIVES
• EXPLAIN THE FIVE PARTS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM: PEOPLE, PROCEDURES, SOFTWARE, HARDWARE, AND DATA.
• DISTINGUISH BETWEEN SYSTEM AND APPLICATION SOFTWARE.
• DISCUSS THE THREE KINDS OF SYSTEM SOFTWARE PROGRAMS.
• DISTINGUISH BETWEEN BASIC AND SPECIALIZED APPLICATION SOFTWARE.
• IDENTIFY THE FOUR TYPES OF COMPUTERS AND THE FOUR TYPE OF MICROCOMPUTERS.
OBJECTIVES (CONTINUED)
• DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTER HARDWARE INCLUDING THE SYSTEM UNIT, INPUT, OUTPUT, STORAGE, AND COMMUNICATION DEVICES.
• DEFINE DATA AND DESCRIBE DOCUMENT, WORKSHEET, DATABASE, AND PRESENTATION FILES.
• EXPLAIN COMPUTER CONNECTIVITY, THE WIRELESS REVOLUTION, AND THE INTERNET.
INTRODUCTION
• WHAT IS COMPUTER COMPETENCY?• MICROCOMPUTERS ARE TOOLS FOR WORK AND PLAY• NEW FORMS OF LEARNING HAVE DEVELOPED• NEW WAYS TO COMMUNICATE AND REACH OUT TO
PEOPLE ARE AVAILABLE
PARTS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM
1. PEOPLE2. SOFTWA
RE3. HARDWA
RE4. DATA
PEOPLE
• MOST IMPORTANT PART OF ANY SYSTEM• CONTACT IS …
• DIRECT• INDIRECT
• COMPUTER USES• BUSINESS & ENTERTAINMENT• EDUCATION & MEDICINE• INFINITE
SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE
• AKA PROGRAMS • TWO MAJOR KINDS OF SOFTWARE
• SYSTEM SOFTWARE (OPERATING SYSTEMS RELATED)
• APPLICATION SOFTWARE (PROGRAMS)
SOFTWARE• SYSTEM SOFTWARE – MICROSOFT WINDOWS
• LINUX (& ITS DISTRUBUTIONS)• MAC OS X• WINDOWS 7 • WINDOWS 8• WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT VERSION OF
WINDOWS?• APPLICATION SOFTWARE – MICROSOFT OFFICE
• CORE APPLICATIONS – WORD, EXCEL, ACCESS, AND POWERPOINT
• PERSONAL INFORMATION MANAGER – OUTLOOK
• OTHER APPLICATIONS – DREAMWEAVER AND PUBLISHER 9
SYSTEM SOFTWARE: OPERATING SYSTEMS
• WHAT DO THEY DO?• PROVIDE USER
INTERFACE• INTERFACE
BETWEEN HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
• RAM MANAGEMENT• HARD DRIVE
MANAGEMENT
• PROCESS MANAGEMENT
• NETWORK CONNECTIONS
• UTILITIES:• DISK CLEANUP• DEFRAG• WINDOWS
EXPLORER• OTHERS…
APPLICATION SOFTWARE• “END-USER” SOFTWARE• TWO MAJOR CATEGORIES
• BASIC APPLICATION OR GENERAL PURPOSE
• SPECIALIZED APPLICATIONS• DON’T SEE TOO OFTEN• MOST PROGRAMMERS
WORK ON THESE.• EXAMPLES?
DATA
• RAW, UNPROCESSED FACTS• PROCESSING CREATES INFORMATION• STORED ELECTRONICALLY IN FILES
• DOCUMENT FILES• WORKSHEET FILES• DATABASE FILES• PRESENTATION FILES
DOCUMENT FILES• CREATED BY WORD
PROCESSORS TO SAVE DOCUMENTS SUCH AS MEMOS, TERM PAPERS, AND LETTERS
WORKSHEET FILES• CREATED BY ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEETS TO
ANALYZE THINGS LIKE BUDGETS AND TO PREDICT SALES
DATABASE FILES• TYPICALLY CREATED BY DATABASE
MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS TO CONTAIN HIGHLY STRUCTURED AND ORGANIZED DATA
PRESENTATION FILES• CREATED BY
PRESENTATION GRAPHICS PROGRAMS TO SAVE PRESENTATION MATERIALS. FOR EXAMPLE, A FILE MIGHT CONTAIN AUDIENCE HANDOUTS, SPEAKER NOTES, AND ELECTRONIC SLIDES.
HARDWARE
TYPES OF COMPUTERS
• CLUSTERS• SUPERCOMPUTERS• MAINFRAME COMPUTERS• MICROCOMPUTERS• TABLET
TYPES OF MICROCOMPUTERS
• DESKTOP• NOTEBOOK
OR LAPTOP• TABLET PC
DESKTOP COMPUTERS
• ARE SMALL ENOUGH TO FIT ON TOP OF OR ALONGSIDE A DESK YET ARE TOO BIG TO CARRY AROUND
NOTEBOOK OR LAPTOP COMPUTERS• NOTEBOOK COMPUTERS, ALSO KNOWN AS LAPTOP
COMPUTERS, ARE PORTABLE, LIGHTWEIGHT, AND FIT INTO MOST BRIEFCASES
• ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES COMPARED TO A DESKTOP?
PC TABLET• IS A TYPE OF NOTEBOOK COMPUTER THAT ACCEPTS
YOUR HANDWRITING AND SENSES TOUCH. THIS INPUT IS DIGITIZED AND CONVERTED FOR FURTHER PROCESSING BY PROGRAMS.
• OTHER DIFFERENCES
MICROCOMPUTER HARDWARE• FOUR BASIC
CATEGORIES OF EQUIPMENT:- SYSTEM UNIT- INPUT/OUTPUT- SECONDARY STORAGE- COMMUNICATION
INPUT/OUTPUT• COMMON INPUT DEVICES ARE THE KEYBOARD AND
THE MOUSE• OTHERS?• COMMON OUTPUT DEVICES ARE PRINTERS AND
MONITORS• OTHERS
SYSTEM UNIT
THE MICROPROCESSOR
• ORIGINAL CHIPS WERE NUMBERED• 8086, 80286, 80386, 80486• YOU COULD BUY CHIPS FROM MULTIPLE VENDORS
• INTEL TRADEMARKED ITS CHIP AS THE PENTIUM• PENTIUM II, PENTIUM III, PENTIUM IV• CLOCK SPEED (MHZ OR GHZ) DIFFERENTIATES CHIPS• DUAL CORE, QUAD CORE
• THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
26
MEMORY (AKA RAM)• TRANSIENT (ERASED WHEN POWER TURNED OFF)• CONSIDER A UPS
(UNINTERRUPTED POWER SUPPLY)• MEASURED IN BYTES
• 1 KILOBYTE = 210 CHARACTERS (~1,000 BYTES)• 1 MEGABYTE = 220 CHARACTERS (~1,000,000
BYTES)• 1 GIGABYTE = 230 CHARACTERS (~1,000,000,000
BYTES)• COMES WITH 2GB UP TO 16GB OF RAM
• KEEP MULTIPLE PROGRAMS & DATA FILES IN MEMORY
• GRAPHIC-INTENSIVE PROGRAMS DEMAND A LOT OF MEMORY
• THE ORIGINAL PC HAD 16KB OF MEMORY 27
AUXILIARY STORAGE• UNLIKE MEMORY,
SECONDARY STORAGE HOLDS DATA AND PROGRAMS EVEN IF ELECTRICAL POWER IS NOT AVAILABLE
AUXILIARY STORAGE
29
Hard (fixed) disk 1 TB and higher
Removable storage CD-ROM CD-R/CD-RW DVD/DVD-R/DVD-RW Tape (common for
backups) Flash Drives & SD Cards Outdated
Zip disks Floppy Disks
HOW COMPUTERS WORK
RAM
Hard Drive
HOW SYSTEM HARDWARE INTERACTS
CPU
CD , DVD, Flash Drive
Input Output
WHAT’S THE STORY WITH BINARY?
• ALL COMPUTERS COMMUNICATE USING BINARY• WHAT IS BINARY?• HOW ITS USED IN COMMUNICATION• WHAT IF ALL WE HAD WERE TWO LIGHT BULBS
EXAMPLE• ASCII CHART
INSIDE THE PC• ALL COMPUTERS ARE BASED
ON THE BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM
• A BIT OR BINARY DIGIT HAS ONE OF TWO VALUES, ZERO OR ONE
• A BYTE IS THE SMALLEST ADDRESSABLE UNIT OF MEMORY (8 BITS)
• ASCII PROVIDES FOR 256(OR 28) CHARACTERS• 01000001 – A• 01000010 – B• ETC.
• WHY NOT JUST SPEAK ENGLISH? 34
On
Off
NETWORKING
CONNECTIVITY, THE WIRELESS REVOLUTION, AND THE INTERNET
• CONNECTIVITY• SHARING OF INFORMATION • WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
IS BECOMING POPULAR• COMPUTER NETWORKS
• CONNECTED COMMUNICATION SYSTEM OF COMPUTERS
• LARGEST NETWORK IS THE INTERNET
COMMUNICATIONS• COMMUNICATION DEVICES ENABLE MICROCOMPUTERS
THE ABILITY TO COMMUNICATE WITH OTHER COMPUTER SYSTEMS ACROSS THE GLOBE
• THE MODEM (SHORT FOR MODULATOR/DEMODULATOR) IS THE MOST WIDELY USED COMMUNICATION DEVICE
• MODEMS MODIFY TELEPHONE COMMUNICATIONS INTO A FORM THAT CAN BE PROCESSED BY A COMPUTER
• MODEMS ALSO MODIFY COMPUTER OUTPUT INTO A FORM THAT CAN BE TRANSMITTED ACROSS STANDARD TELEPHONE LINES
• NETWORK CARD – WIRELESS AND WIRED (ETHERNET)
NETWORKS• WHAT IS A NETWORK?• WHY DO ORGANIZATIONS LIKE EDINBORO HAVE
THEM?• COMMON PROTOCOL – ETHERNET
• HOW DOES IT WORK?• GROUP OF PEOPLE TALKING
• WHERE ELSE USES THEM • GAS STATION• ATM
THE INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB
• THE INTERNET• NETWORK OF
NETWORKS• BEGAN IN 1969 AS A
GOVERNMENT PROJECT
• ORIGINAL NETWORK HAD 4 COMPUTERS;
• NO CENTRAL AUTHORITY AND THUS IMPOSSIBLE TO KNOW THE EXACT SIZE
• THE WORLD WIDE WEB• A SUBSET OF THE
INTERNET CONSISTING OF COMPUTERS THAT STORE HYPERTEXT DOCUMENTS
• INVENTED BY TIM BERNERS LEE WHO WANTED TO SHARE NOTES WITH COLLEAGUES AT THE EUROPEAN PARTICLE PHYSICS LABORATORY (CERN) IN SWITZERLAND
39
INTERNET• BRIEFLY HOW DOES IT WORK• PROTOCOLS• TCP/IP – TRANSMISSION CONTROL
PROTOCOL/INTERNET PROTOCOL (LANGUAGE OF THE INTERNET)
• IP ADDRESS – INTERNET PROTOCOL ADDRESS• HTML – ALL WEB PAGES WRITTEN IN• HTTP – HYPER TEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL• HTTPS –HTTP SECURE• ISP – INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER
http://gargasz.info/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/what-is-dns-diagram1.jpg
A WEB SITE
42
Web address (or URL)
Internet Explorer is the browser
HTTP protocol
INTERNET
• WHAT ELSE RUNS ON THE INTERNET BESIDES THE WORLD WIDE WEB?• E-MAIL• VOIP• IRC• TELNET• FILE SHARING
(TORRENTS)
KNOWING HOW TO PURCHASE A PC
PURCHASE OF A PC (1)
• WHAT TO CONSIDER• HOW MUCH CAN YOU SPEND?• DESKTOP OR LAPTOP?• WHAT WILL IT BE USED FOR?• HARDWARE
• RAM• HARD DRIVE SIZE• SCREEN SIZE• NETWORK CARD
PURCHASE OF A PC (2)
• SOUND CARD• VIDEO CARD
•DOES IT HAVE MEMORY?• PROCESSOR SPEED• PROCESSOR TYPE
• APPLE VS. PC (IBM CLONE)• WHAT IS AN IBM CLONE?
• ASSIGNMENT 2
Components SpecificationsProcessor Intel Core Duo 2GHz, i5 or i7
Intel Centrino; Intel CeleronAMD AMD64; AMD Turion
Video Card 2 Screen; GammingMemory 2 Gig at leastFloppy Disk Drive Not used any moreHard Drive Desktop – 150 GB
Laptop – 80 GBCD, DVD, R/RW CD/DVD – Re-Writeable
Networking Wired – Ethernet CardWireless – 802.11g
Warranty ?Software Operating System
Office ProductsFree-WareAnti-Virus
Monitor LCDPrinter Color or not
If color want high dpiMany colors
FILE MANAGEMENT
DISK AND FILE MANAGEMENT• A FILE IS A SET OF INSTRUCTIONS OR DATA
• PROGRAM FILE: MICROSOFT WORD OR MICROSOFT EXCEL
• DATA FILE: DOCUMENT OR WORKBOOK• COPY, MOVE, RENAME OR DELETE A FILE• A FOLDER ALLOWS US TO ORGANIZE OUR FILES
• MAY CONTAIN FILES AND/OR OTHER FOLDERS• A BACK UP STRATEGY IS CRITICAL
• WHAT (DATA), WHEN (WHENEVER IT CHANGES), WHERE (OFF SITE), HOW (WINDOWS EXPLORER), AND WHO (YOU)
49
WINDOWS EXPLORER EXERCISE(ASSIGNMENT 1)
• RUN THE PROGRAM• MAKE FOLDERS• MAKE SUB-FOLDERS• GOOD NAMING
ANTIVIRUS SOFTWARE
51
A computer virus is an actively infectious program that can erase data and/or alter the way your computer works
Worms and Trojan horses are other types of infectious programs, but all are bad
Computer viruses are spread through email, and/or infected floppy disks
Windows does not include an antivirus program; i.e., you must buy it separately and update it frequently
Should you get antivirus software?
FILE COMPRESSION• USE WINZIP (OR
COMPATIBLE) PROGRAM TO CREATE A COMPRESSED FILE OR ARCHIVE
52
Create a self-extracting file from the archive that does not require supporting software
QUESTIONS / DISCUSSION
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS• EXPLAIN THE FIVE PARTS OF AN INFORMATION
SYSTEM. WHAT PART DO PEOPLE PLAY IN THIS SYSTEM?
• WHAT IS SYSTEM SOFTWARE? WHAT KINDS OF PROGRAMS ARE INCLUDED IN SYSTEM SOFTWARE?
• DEFINE AND COMPARE BASIC AND SPECIALIZED APPLICATION SOFTWARE. DESCRIBE SOME DIFFERENT TYPES OF BASIC APPLICATIONS. DESCRIBE SOME TYPES OF SPECIALIZED APPLICATIONS.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS• DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF
COMPUTERS. WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON TYPE? WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF MICROCOMPUTERS?
• WHAT IS CONNECTIVITY? HOW ARE THE WIRELESS REVOLUTION AND CONNECTIVITY RELATED? WHAT IS A COMPUTER NETWORK? WHAT IS THE INTERNET? WHAT IS THE WEB?
SAMPLE QUIZ ON THE WEB SITE