essential nutrition, hygiene, and care practices...

Icigwa c’7: Uruhara rw’Abagabo mu Kwonsa no Kubungabunga Umwana

Abagabo bazoshigikira kandi batere umwete abavyeyi bonsa muri ubu buryo bukurikira:

o Gushigikira umugore wiwe yafashe ingingo yo guha umwana wabo ibere ryonyene mu mezi atandatu ya mbere kandi yiyemeje kuzoshishikara kwonsa gushika ku myaka ibiri canke irenga.

o Kumuhimiriza kugira ibindi biringo bibiri vyo gufungura yongereza ku vyo yari asanzwe afungurirako buri musi.

o Kumufasha mu kugabura akazi ko mu rugo kugira ngo uwo mugore yonsa ashobore kuronka imyanya ikwiye yokuruhuka imufasha kwonsa umwana wiwe neza.

o Kubika igice gito c’umuceri bimbuye umuvyeyi n’abo mu muryango bazofungura.

Abavyeyi b’abagabo bazofasha abana babo gukura no gutera imbere kw’ubwenge, kw’umubiri, n’ukw’imibano mu:

o Kubiyegereza mu muryo bw’umubiri (kubagumbira, kwemerera abana bakabicara ku kibero, kubafata ukuboko, canke kubarera) kugira ngoumwana yiyumvemwo ko akundwa kandi akingiwe.

o Kuyaga n’umwana no kumuraba mu maso kugira ngo ahimirize iterambere ry’ubwenge n’ubwonko bwiwe.

o Gukoresha itunga ry’umuryango mu kwitwararika ko umwana agaburirwa neza, acandagwa, kandi akavugwa neza ayo agwaye.

o Kwemerera nyina w’umwana gutwara umwana kw’ivuriro no kwitaba ibikorwa (nk’ivy’imigwi y’Abavyeyi Tubaramure, canke amasekeza yo gucandaga) bimufasha guteza imbere ubushobozi bwiwe bwo kwitwararika no kubungabunga umwana.

Abavyeyi b’abagabo bazokingira ubuzima bw’abagore babo mu kubafasha gutandukanya imvyaro gushika igihe umwana bafise azoba akwije imyaka ibiri:

o Mu gishigikira umuvyeyi ngo ahe umwana ibere ryonyene mu mezi atandatu ya mbere y’ubuzima.

o Mu gufasha umuvyeyi gutora mu ndwi zitandatu za mbere zikurikira agiheza kwibaruka, uburyo azokoresha bwo kuroranya imyaro.

o Mu kuraba ko amagara y’umuvyeyi n’inkomezi z’umubiri wiwe vyomushoboza kwibaruka uwundi mwana akomeye.

Iciyumviro Congeweko co Gufasha Uwigisha n’Umupromoteri Iki cigwa categekanirijwe abavyeyi bomu Mugwi w’Abavyeyi Tubaramure,

ariko rero birahambaye ko izi nyigisho bozisangira n’abagabo baba kuri uwo mutumba.

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Izi nyigisho muzishikirize kandi abakuru b’umutumba. Kandi mubahimirize kuzozishikana mu bandi bagabo bo kuri uwo mutumba mu nama zizotegurwa.

Ibikoresho:1. Ibitabo vyo Guhamagariramwo Amazina 2. Igitabo Mfashanyigisho c’Ivyokorwa mu Ngaburo, mw’Isuku no mu

Mwitwarariko ku Kayoya

Incamake y’Icigwa c’7: Agakino: Kwongorera Guhamagara Amazina no Gushikiriza Umuti w’Ibibazo Gushikiriza inkuru no kubaza ibibazo ku kuntu abantu basanzwe bifata:

Umugabo wa Karorero Azanye Imyembe. Kwerekana amasanamu no gushikiriza inyigisho nyamukuru ziri mu gitabo

c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho ku mpapuro za 49-56 zivuga ivyo kwitwararika umuvyeyi mu gihe c’inyuma yo kwibaruka, Gushigikira kwonsa umwana, no Guhimiriza iterambere ry’Umwana.

Igikorwa: Uremera canke Urahakana Gutomora ngo ubereke umuti woshobora gutorerwa izo ntambamyi Kwimenyereza babiri babiri Kwiyemeza Gusuzuma ingene bagendeye mu vyo bari biyemeje no mu nyifato

n’ibikorerwa kwa muganga hamwe no Gukurikirana Igikuriro c’Abana n’Incanco.

1. Abari mu gakino bicara ku muzingi.2. Maze uwurongoye agakino akiyumvira iciyumviro gishikirizwa mu ryungane

rirerire cane nk’iri ngo “Ngira nje kw’isokokugura ibitoke n’irengarenga hanyuma ni navayo ndaja kubonana n’umu promoter kugira ngo dusangire ivya saa sita.”

3. Ayo majambo aca ayavuga mu bwongoshwa ayabwire mu gutwi uwicaye i buryo bwiwe. Uwo mugore abwiwe ayo majambo araheza ace ayasubiramwo ayabwire uwundi akurikira ku muzingi amwongorera.

4. Mu bandanye guhanahana ubwo butumwa, umuntu umwe abushikiriza uwundi gushika bushikiriye umuntu wa nyuma kuri uwo muzingi.

5. Maze mumusabe kuvugira hejuru ubutumwa yashikirijwe.6. Ni mugereranye iciyumviro gishikirijwe ubwa nyuma n’icari cashikirijwe mu

ntango. Kenshi no ko vyama bigenda, ubutumwa bugenda burahinduka muri uko guhanahanwa ku muzingi.

7. Ni musubiremwoako gakino mukoresheje ayandi majambo y’ikindi ciyumviro.

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1. Agakino: Kwongorero - iminota 10

? None ako gakino twokigirako iki?o Birashika ubutumwa bugahinduka mu guhanahanwa buva ku muntu

umwe buja ku wundi!o Iyo tutumvise neza canke ntidutahure neza, dukwiye kubaza ibibazo

canke tugasaba ko bodutomorera.o Kubera ko inyigisho ziri mu gitabo mfashanyigisho zihanahanwa kuva

ku muntu umwe zigashikira abandi benshi, dutegerezwa kwiyubara kugira ngo dutegere neza inyigisho dushikirijwe kandi tukayisubiramwo nk’uko twayumvise.

Noneho ko tumaze kuronka inguvu, ni muze dutangure icigwa cacu.

2. Guhamagara Amazina no Gushikiriza Umuti w’Ibibazo

1. Umu Promoteri akwiye kwandika ku mpapuro z’abitavye inama z’Umuvyeyi Tubaramure wese nk’uko vyerekanywe mu gakino k’akarorero ko mu Cigwa ca Kane c’Agatabo ka mbere (Module 1).

2. Umu Promoteri akabaza ko hariho Umuvyeyi Tubaramure yoba yaragize ingorane mu nama yamuhuje n’abavyeyi. Umu Promoteri akaronderera hamwe n’abo Bavyeyi umuti w’izo ngorane, akabafasha gutora umuti w’ingorane bafise, kandi agasaba impanuro abandi Bavyeyi Tubaramure bari ngaho.

3. Umu Promoteri akabaza abavyeyi bapfuye, abana bapfuye, canke imbanyi nshasha muri iyo Migwi yAbavyeyi b’Inkerebutsi. Umu promoteri akandika ku rupapuro rwo guhamagarirako amazina ibintu bishasha vyoba vyarabonetse.

4. Umu Promoteri agaheza agashimira abo bagore bose ku mwete berekana mu gikorwa kandi akabahimiriza ngo bashishikare.

Umugabo wa Karorero Azanye Imyembe (Isanamu 7.1) – 10 iminota

3. Inkuru

Soma inkuru iri ku rupapuro rwa 49 rw’igitabo mfashanyigisho.

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Umugabo wa Karorero azanye imyembe i muhira ashiriye abana biwe babiri bakuru. Karorero ashishikaye utundi dukorwa, umugabo wiwe nawe aciye akatagura iyo myembe mu duhimba duto duto two guha agakobwa kiwe. Umugabo wa Barumwete arahaciye. Arahagarara gato maze yiyumvira,ati “Wa mugabo yaratamitswe pe! Kugaburira abana umugore arorera!”

4. Gutohoza Soma ibibazo biri ku rupapuro rwa 49 rw’igitabo mfashanyigisho. Baza ibibazo bibiri vya mbere kugira ngo utahure ingene abo bagore

basanzwe batahura uruhara rw’abagabo mu kwitwararika umwana.o Twizera ko abo bagore bazokwishura bati: Umugabo wa Barumwete

yatangajwe n’ivyo abonye. Ntiyari amenyereye kubona abagabo bagaburira abana.

o Abagore bose bishura bisunze “ibisanzwe bimenyerewe” mu bagabo bokuri uwo mutumba. Yamara mwibutse abo bagore ko ivyo “bisanzwe bimenyerewe” bidasigura ko ica iba ingendo canke inyifato nziza canke ifasha guteza imbere amagara y’umwana.

Baza ikibazo ca nyuma kugira ngoumenye bimwe mu bintu abagabo bo kuri uwo mutumba bakora mu gufasha abagore babo kwitwararika no kubungabunga umwana.

Himiriza ikiyago. Nturondere gukosora “inyishu zitari zo”. Reka umwe wese atange iciyumviro ciwe. Iyi paje ni iy’ikiyago, si iy’inyigisho.

Abari ngaho bamaze kwishura ku kibazo ca nyuma, uce wimukira ku rupapuro rukurikira rw’igitabo c’amasanamu, uvuge uti “Hinge tugereranye ivyiyumviro vyanyu n’inyigisho iri muri izi mpapuro zikurikira.”

? Ni kuki umugabo wa Barumwete yatangajwe n’ivyo abonye?

? Mbega ni ibisanzwe ko abagabo bogaburira abana kandi bagafasha mu gikorwa co kubabungabunga?

? Ni ibihe bintu bidasanzwe umugabo wawe ahora akora ngo agufashe kandi afashe abana banyu?

Gushigikira Abavyeyi Inyuma yo Kwibaruka (Isanamu 7.2) – 5 iminota

5. Kwerekana: Saba abavyeyi b’abana batondagure ivyo babona mu masanamu ari ku

rupapuro rwa 52.

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? Ni ibiki mubona muri aya masanamu?

6. Gusigura: Shikiriza inyigisho nyamukuru ukoresheje impapuro za 51 na 52 z’igitabo

c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho. Ukoreshe amungane ndondozi magufi yanditseko kugira ngo wiyibutse

isanamu ijana na buri ngingo.

Ni mugabure ibikorwa bihari kugira ngo abavyeyi bashobore kuronka akaryo ko kuruhuka inyuma yo kwibaruka.

o Umugabo wa Karorero ategeka abana gukora ibikorwa vyo mu rugo.

o Arazi ko Karorero ategerezwa kuruhuka.o Umukobwa wiwe ni we akubura mu nzu.o Kishwa kiwe kakavoma amazi kugira ngo Karorero ashobore

kuruhuka. Ni muhimirize ko umwana ahabwa ibere ryonyene gusa gushika ku mezi

atandatu.o Umugabo wa Karorero ntiyemera ko abantu boza baraha Biguvu

imfungurwa canke ibindi binyobwa.o Arakingira umwana wiwe imfungurwa zohava zimumerera nabi.o Aremera ico Karorero avuga ko amaberebere ari yo ya mbere.o Ni muhimirize abavyeyi kwonsa n’iyo boba bagwaye.o Amaberebere ni yo ngaburo ya mbere kandi ni co kinyobwa ca

mbere ku tuyoya. Ni muhimirize abavyeyi bonsa gutegekanya buri musi ibindi biringo bibiri

vyongeweko vyo kwiherezako udufungurwa duke.o Umugabo wa Karorero ariko aramufasha kwihereza akembe.o Yaramaze kumenya ko umuvyeyi yonsa buri musi akwiye

kwongereza ibindi biringo bibiri vyo kwihereza utwo arya.o Kandi arazi ko iyo Karorero afise amagara meza, n’umwana wiwe

nawe aca agira amagara meza. Mwimbuye umuceri muce mubika uwo kuzoza muragaburira abavyeyi

bonsa.o Abavyeyi bonsa iyo bihereza umuceri usanga abana babo bafise

amagara meza.o Umugabo wa Karorero ntaca ashore uwo yimbuye wose.o Arabika umuceri umugore wiwe n’umuryango wiwe bazofungura.o Umuceri ufasha Karorero n’umwana wiwe yonka kugira amagara

meza.

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? Mbega wiyumvira ko abagabo bafise ugushaka gufasha muri ubwo buryo?? Ni gute abagore boshobora guhimiriza abagabo babo ngo babafashe?

Gushigikira Ingaburo Ibereye y’Umwana (Isanamu 7.3) – 5 iminota

7. Kwerekana: Saba abavyeyi b’abana batondagure ivyo babona mu masanamu ari ku

rupapuro rwa 54.





Ni muziganye amahera yo gutegekaniriza ivyo umwana na nyina boshobora gukenera vyihutirwa cane.

o Umugabo wa Karorero araziganya udufaranga mu kabahasha.o Iyo bishitse umwe mu bana akagwara, Karorero arashobora kwikora

kuri ayo mafaranga.o Iyo Karorero agwaye, arashobora gukoresha ayo mafaranga mu

kwivuza canke agakuramwo itike ryo kwiyunguza. Ni muhimirize abagore kwitaba amanama y’inyigisho z’ivy’amagara.

o Arazi ko incanco zihambaye cane ku bana biwe.o Kandi ahimiriza umugore wiwe kwitaba amasekeza adasanzwe

y’ibungabungamagara.o Agomba ko abana biwe bogira amagara meza.

Ni mukingire amagara y’abagore banyu. Mubangire ntasame iyindi mbanyi hadaciye imyaka ibiri inyuma yo kwibaruka.

o Guteba kwongera gusama bifasha abagore gusubirana amagara meza inyuma yo kwibaruka.

o Guteba kwongera gusama bifasha abana gukura neza.o Umugabo n’umugore bihutira kuja kwiga uburyo bwo gutevya iyindi

mbanyi igihe co gushobora gusama kitarongera gushika.o Bari hamwe bagahitamwo uburyo bubanogeye.

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Gushigikira Gutera Imbere kw’Abana (Isanamu 7.4) – 5 iminota

9. Kwerekana: Ni musabe abavyeyi b’abana gutondagura ivyo babona mu masanamu ari ku

rupapuro rwa 56.





Gumbira abana kandi wame ukina nabo.o Gufatana amaboko no kugumbira abana bibafasha kwiyumvakwo

ko bakunzwe.o Kandi kubiyegereza mu buryo bw’umubiri bigafasha abana

kwumva ko baremye.o Abana biyumvamwo ko bakunzwe kandi bahabwa agaciro bakura

neza. Ni wigishe abana utuntu dushasha kugira ngo ufashe ubwenge bwabo

gukura.o Umugabo wa Karorero ariko arabasigurira ingene bakora iradoyi

yapfuye.o Yama afata akanya ko kwigisha abana biwe utuntu dushasha.o Kubigisha utuntu dushasha birabafasha gukora neza mw’ishure

Fata akanya ko kuyaga n’abana no guhanahana ivyiyumviro ku bintu.o Muri ukwo gushikirana kubera mu muryango abana bahigira

vyinshi.o Gushikirana kwo mu muryango gufasha abana kwumva ko

batekanye.o Gushikirana kwo mu muryango gufasha abana gukura neza.

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11. Igikorwa: Uremera canke Urahakana – iminota 15

1. Saba abo bagore guhagarara ku murongo barabanisha ibitugu. 2. Ubasigurire kouwo mwimenyerezouza kubafasha gutahura bimwe mu

vyiyumviro, ingiro n’inyifato ku bijanye n’igitsina. 3. Ni usome aya mungane akurikira. Maze usabe abo bagore batere intambuko

imwe basubira inyuma asangwa batemera ayo majambo ashikirijwe, canke batere intambwe imwe baja imbere asangwa bemera ijambo rishikirijwe.

4. Inyuma ya buri ryungane, uce usaba abagore babiri canke batatu gusigura igituma bagiye imbere canke basubiye inyuma.

a. Ivy’amagara y’umwana niigikorwa kiraba umugore.b. Kwitwararika kuraba ko umuryango ufungura neza ni ibanga ryega

umugore.c. Abagore bakwiye kwama babanza kubaza abagabo babo imbere y’uko

baja kwa muganga.d. Ryoba ari ibara kubona umugabo ari we atwaye umwana wiwe kwa

muganga.e. Abagore ntibakwiye kuyaga n’abagabo babo ivy’ikibazo co gutwara

iyindi mbanyi.f. Ntibikenewe ko umugore yomenya amafaranga umugabo aronka.g. Nta kibi ko umugabo yokubita umugore iyo akwiye guhanwa.h. Abagabo mu rugo bakwiye kurya gushika bahage. Abagore n’abana

nabo bagafungura ibisigaye.5. Ni wemerere umugore wese kwicara.

? Ni gute mbega izo nyifato zose n’ubwo buryo bwo kwiyumvira bigira ingaruka ku bana bacu? Mbega bimwe muri ivyo vyiyumviro birafise inkurikizi mbi ku bana bacu?

Uturorero duke dushikirijwe ngaha musi.a. Asangwa ivy’amagara y’umwana ari igikorwa kiraba umugore gusa …

o Birashika ko umugore atoronka amafaranga akwiye yo gutwara umwana kwa muganga maze agahava apfa.

o Umugabo yohava adatanga amafaranga akwiye yo gusumira umwana kugira ngo agire amagara meza.

b. Asangwa umugore ategerezwa kubanza kubaza umugabo imbere yo kuja kwa muganga …

o Umwana ni yaba aremvye kandi umugabo adahari, uwo mwana arashobora gusinzikara canke agapfa.

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c. Asangwa ryoba ari ibara kubona umugabo atwaye umwana wiwe kwa muganga …

o Bishitse umugore akaba agwaye, umwana ntiyoba akivuwe canke ngo acandagwe kubera ko nyina yagwaye.

d. Asangwa umugore adakwiye kuyaga n’umugabo ivyo gutwara izindi mbanyi…

o Umugore yohava adahabwa amafaranga akwiye yo kugura utwo afungura mu bindi biringo bibiri vyiyongerako buri musi. Maze we n’umwana wiwe bagasinzikara.

o Umugore yohava adashobora kuvugana inzira bohitamwo yo kuroranya imvyaro maze amagara yiwe agahava ageramirwa vyandurutse ku mbanyi zegeranye cane.

? Ni irihe muri aya mungane mwoshima guhindura? Kubera iki?? None izo nyifato n’izo ngeso vyoshobora guhinduka gute?

Ongerako imwe muri izi nyishu yoba itashikirijwe n’abari ngaho. Twoshobora kwumvisha ababa ku mutumba bakazirikana ingaruka mbi

inyifato nk’izo zigira ku bana. Turashobora kuvugana n’abarongozi batwara abandi tuzi tukayaga ku

ngaruka mbi inyifato nk’izo zigira ku bana. Turashobora kugira ivyo duhindura mu miryango yacu kugira ngo

dukingire abana. 6. Shikiriza incamake y’ico kiyago: Umuntu wese usanga afise uko abona

uruhara rwega umugabo n’urwega umugore. Kenshi mbere ugasanga ingendo yacu iratandukanye n’iy’ababanyi, canke yoba itandukanye n’inyigisho ziri mui bitabo mfashanyigisho. Gusonera inyifato z’ababanyi bacu ni ikintu gihambaye cane, yamara kandi ntitwobura guhangana n’inyifato n’ingeso zigirira imiryango nabi – waba umuryango wacu- canke umuryango w’ababanyi bacu.

12. Gucaca – 10 iminota

? None ibi vyiyumviro muvyiyumvirako iki? Mbega hoba hariho ibintu vyoshobora kukubuza gukurikiza ingendo duhejeje kuyagako uyu musi?

Saba abo bavyeyi bayagishe umugore yicaye i ruhande yabo. Ni bavugane nawe amakenga yabo yose boba bafise ku cigwa. Bari hamwe bakwiye kugerageza gutora umuti w’ayo makenga n’izo ngorane. Imitota itanu iheze, uce usaba Abavyeyi Tubaramure bashikirize ivyo bayazeko.

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13. Gutomora – iminota 5

Bafashe kuronka umuti w’amadidane yabo. Ni haba hari umugore yishuye neza amakenga y’uwundi mugore, ni umushimire kandi uhimirize abandi bagore ngo bazirikane umuti yashikirije.

14. Kwimenyereza no kumenyereza ─ iminota 20

1. Saba Abavyeyi Tubaramure gushikiriza abandi inyigisho baronkejwe uyu musi bakoresheje impapuro zibiri za mbere z’iki cigwa zo mu Gitabo c’Amasanamu Mfashanyigisho. Bakwiye kubwira uwundi mugore ari mu Mugwi Tubaramure bakoresheje bwa buhinga bwo kwigisha.

2. Bwira abo Bavyeyi Tubaramure bumviriza izo nyigisho ko borondera ikintu batemera mu vyo bigishijwe; imvo imwe ituma babona ko iyo nyigisho yoba igoye kuri bo.

3. Abo Bavyeyi Tubaramure bashikiriza izo nyigisho bakwiye kugerageza gufasha abo bagore gutsinda izo ntambamyi.

4. Iminota cumi iheze, usabe abo bagore kuguza ibibanza. Uwo wundi Muvyeyi Tubaramure nawe azoca atanga inyigisho ziri mu mpapuro zibiri z’iki cigwa zikurikira zo mu Gitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho.

5. Umu Promoteri akwiye kwumviriza, agakosora, kandi agafasha Abavyeyi Tubaramure vyagoye.

6. Bose bahejeje, ace yishura ibibazo abo bavyeyi boba bafise ku bijanye n’ibikoresho, canke n’icigwa c’uyu musi.

15. Kwiyemeza ─ iminota 2

? Mbega uragomba gufata ingingo ijanye n’inyigisho vumvise uyu musi? None icemezo cawe ni ikihe?

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Saba umuvyeyi wese avuge mu majambo yikuriye mu kanwa icemezo gishasha agiye gufata uyu musi. Umuvyeyi wese arashobora kwihitiramwo icemezo abona ko gihambaye gusumba ibindi kuri we.

Nk’akarorero: Niyemeje kuzoyagira umufasha wanje inyigisho numvise. Niyemeje kuzosaba umufasha wanje ko twoza turabika igice kimwe c’umuceri

twimbuye kugira ngo umuryango uzowufungure. Niyemeje kuzohimiriza umufasha wanje ko yoza ararondera umwanya wo

kumarana n’abana abakinisha kandi abayagisha.

16. Gusuzuma ─ iminota 15

Ni ubaze abo bavyeyi bose umwe inyuma y’uwundi ku vyemezo bari bafashe.

? Mbega mu cigwa giheze wari wiyemeje gukora iki? ? None ico wiyemeje waragishize mu ngiro? Gute – Ni ibiki wakoze?

Mu gusozera, ni ubaze abo bavyeyi umwe inyuma y’uwundi ku nyifato yabaranze mu ndwi zibiri ziheze: Mbega uheruka ryari gutwara abana bawe (batarakwiza imyaka ibiri) ku

gipimo co gukurikirana igikuriro cabo? None umwana wawe ariko arakura gute? Mbega ikarata y’igikuriro yiwe

yifashe gute? Uzosubira kwa muganga ryari ku rucanco rukurikira?

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Icigwa ca 8: Gutandukanya Imyaro

Abavyeyi b’abana bazoshobora gutondekesha ivyiza bibonekera mu kurindira imyaka ibiri imbere yo kwongera gutwara iyindi mbanyi:

o Abavyeyi basamye hakiri kare cane baba bageramiwe no kuzohava bahitwanwa no kuva amaraso menshi canke no guteba kugise mu gihe co kwibaruka, gusumba uko biri ku babanza kurindira imyaka ibiri canke irenga imbere yo kwongera kwibungenga.

o Abana bavyawe n’abavyeyi basama hakiri kare cane baba bageramiwe no gukama amaraso maze bakavuka hatageze, canke ari bato cane canke bakavuka bapfuye.

o Gusigaza imyaka ibiri canke irenga hagati y’imbanyi n’iyindi bigabanya igitigiri c’abana bafatwa n’ingwara zo gufungura nabi batarakwiza imyaka ibiri: umwana wese aca yonka igihe gito kubera ko umuvyeyi asama vuba cane.

Abavyeyi b’abana bazokwirinda kwongera gusama mu guha abana babo ibere ryonyene mu mezi atandatu ya mbere y’ubuzima. Guha umwana ibere ryonyene mu mezi atandatu ya mbere birafasha kwirinda gusama asangwa uwo mwana yaciye yonswa mu kiringo kitarenze isaha imwe yakurikiye akimara kuvuka, akaza aronswa igihe cose asavye ibere, kandi umuvyeyi atarasubira mu mihango y’ukwezi. 1

Abavyeyi b’abana bazoyaga n’abafasha babo ivyo kurondoka kandi bakurikize uburyo bwitiriwe “imisi ibiri” bwo gutevya iyindi mbanyi.

o Abagore bazoza baragenzura amazimazi yomu gihimba c’irondoka kabiri ku musi ku muhingamo. Abagore bazokwisuzuma kabiri ku musi kugira barabe uruziri rwabo ingene rumeze. Urwo ruziruzi rwo mu gihimba c’irondoka ni ikimenyetso cerekana ko gusama bishoboka.

o Kugira ngo batevye iyindi mbanyi, abagore bazokwirinda imibonano mpuzabitsina asangwa babonye urwo ruziruzi ejo canke uyu musi. Bazosubira kugira imibonano mpuzabitsina haciye imisi ibiri batabona urwo ruziruzi.

Abavyeyi b’abana bazokwemera kokuvyara abana begeranye cane bituma umuvyeyi ageramirwa no guhitanwa n’imbanyi canke no kwibaruka (kwongerezwa uko biyumvamwo uburemere bw’ingorane).2

Iciyumviro Congeweko co Gufasha Uwigisha n’umu Promoteri Iki cigwa categekanirijwe imigwi y’Abavyeyi Tubaramure. Yamara kandi,

gushikana izi nyigisho ku bagabo baba ku mutumba birahambaye cane. Ni mushikirize izi nyigisho abakuru b’umutumba. Kandi mubahimirize

kuzoshikiriza izonyigisho nyene abandi bagabo bo ku mutumba mu nama zizotunganywa.

1 Natural family planning is promoted in accordance with CRS’ position on family planning.2 Perceived severity is a behavioral determinant in barrier analysis: if women and their husbands believe that maternal death is a severe outcome, they will take steps to avoid it. For more information visit www.barrieranalysis.com.

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http://www.barrieranalysis.com/

Musabe Abavyeyi Tubaramure kuzosubiramwo ico cigwa mu gihe bazoba bariko baragendara ingo (nk’uko babona ibibereye) kugira ngo bafashe abagabo bari muri izo ngo kwumviriza izo nyigisho.

Ibikoresho:1. Ibitabo vyo Guhamagariramwo Amazina 2. Igitabo c’Amasanamu Mfashanyigisho gitomora ivyokorwa vy’Ibanze mu

Ngaburo, mw’Isuku no mu Mwitwarariko ku Kayoya Incamake y’Icigwa ca 8: Agakino: Izuba rirasiye kuri Guhamagara Amazina no Gushikiriza Umuti w’Ibibazo Gushikiriza inkuru no kubaza ibibazo ku nyifato zibaranga: Umugabo wa

Barumwete Yishakira Kuvyara Benshi Kwerekana amasanamu no gushikiriza inyigisho ziri ku mpapuro za 57-64

z’igitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho, avuga ivyo Gutevya Kwongera Gusama, Guha Umwana Ibere Ryonyene hamwe no Kuja mu Kwezi, na bwa Buhinga bw’Imisi Ibiri.

Igikorwa: Ubuhinga bw’Imisi Ibiri Gucaca ngo umenye intambamyi zoba ziriho Gutomora ngo ubereke umuti woshobora gutorerwa izo ntambamyi Kwimenyereza babiri babiri Kwiyemeza Gusuzuma ingene bagendeye mu vyo bari biyemeje bijanye n’umwitwarariko

abagabo boshira ku kwonsa no kubungabunga abana.

1. Agakino: Izuba Rirasiye Kuri - iminota 10

1. Ni usabe abo bagore kwicara canke guhagarara ku muzingi. Uwurongoye agakino we ahagarara hagati muri uwo muzingi.

2. Maze uwo arongoye agakino agasemerera ati, “Izuba rirasiye kuri …” maze ace avuga ibara canke igice c’impuzu bamwe muri abo bagore bambaye. Nk’akarorero, “Izuba rirasiye ku muntu wese yambaye ibitukura.”

3. Abagore bose bambaye ibitukura bakwiye guca baguza ibibanza umwe agasubira aho uwundi yari. Uwo yari hagati nawe agerageza kwicokeza mu kibanza kimwe canke ku ntebe imwe bavuyemwo.

4. Uwutaronse ikibanza canke aho yicara ni we ategerezwa guhagarara hagati. 5. Uwo mushasha ahagaze hagati arasemerera ati “Izuba rirasiye kuri …” maze

akavuga irindi bara canke ikindi gihimba c’impuzu canke akandi karanga gahurijweko.

6. Ni mubandanye gusemerera ibindi bimenyetso bishasha kandi muhinduranya ivyicaro kugira ngo umuntu wese aronke akaryo ko guhagarara hagati.

Noneho ko tumaze kuronka inguvu, hinge dutangure icigwa c’uyu musi.

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1. Umu Promoteri akwiye kwandika ku mpapuro z’abitavye inama z’Umuvyeyi Tubaramure wese nk’uko vyerekanywe mu gakino k’akarorero ko mu Cigwa ca Kane co mu Gitabo Mfashanyigisho ca mbere (Module 1).

2. Umu Promoteri akabaza ko hariho Umuvyeyi Tubaramure yoba yaragize ingorane mu nama yamuhuje n’abavyeyi. Umu Promoteri akaronderera hamwe n’abo bavyeyi umuti w’izo ngorane, akabafasha gutora umuti w’ingorane bafise, kandi agasaba impanuro abandi Bavyeyi Tubaramure bari ngaho.

3. Umu Promoteri akabaza abavyeyi bapfuye, abana bapfuye, canke imbanyi nshasha muri iyo migwi y’Inkerebutsi. Umu promoteri akandika ku rupapuro rwo guhamagarirako amazina ibintu bishasha vyoba vyarabonetse.


Umugabo wa Barumwete Yishakira Kuvyara Benshi (Isanamu 8.1) – iminota 10

3. Inkuru Ni musome inkuru yo ku rupapuro rwa 60 rw’Igitabo c’Amasanamu

Mfashanyigisho.

Barumwete arafise ubwoba ko yohava yongera gusama. Amaraso yo mu kwezi yatanguye kuza kandi ubu arazi ko ashobora gusama. Umugabo wiwe we nta kindi arota atari ukwivyarira abana benshi. Barumwete yashaka guteba kwongera gusama, yamara ntabona aho yohera kugira ngo ico kibazo akiyage n’umugabo wiwe.

4. Gutohoza Soma ibibazo biri ku rupapuro rwa 57 rw’Igitabo c’Amasanamu

Mfashanygisho. Ubaze ikibazo ca mbere kugira ngo musubiremwo imvo zituma Barumwete

yoba atagomba gusama ubu.o Ararushe kandi yifuza kkuzocutsa Mvuyekure atarongera gusama.

Hamwe yoca asama ubu, azoca ategerezwa kwonsa abo bana bose canke acutse Mvuyekure atarakwiza amezi 24.

Baza ikibazo ca kabiri kugira ngo umenye uburyo bwo kuroranya imyaro abo bagore basanzwe bazi.

o Ubwo buryo burashobora kuba burimwo ubuhinga bwa none bwo kwirinda gusama canke uburyo ndemanwa busanzwe bwo kuroranya imvyaro.

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Baza ikibazo ca nyuma kugira ngo urabe ko hoba hariho uwomuri abo bagore akoresha ubuhinga bwadondowe ahohejuru.



? Mbega ni iki Barumwete n’umugabo wiwe bari gukora kugira ngo atebe gusama?

? None wiyumvira iki ku vyo kwongera gusama?? Mbega wewe n’uwo mwubatse hari ico mwoba mukora

kugira ngo utebe kwongera gusama?

Inyungu Ziri mu Gutevya Kwongera Gusama (Isanamu 8.2) – iminota 5


rupapuro rwa 60.





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Mu miryango itevya gusama hakabanza guca imyaka ibiri inyuma yo kwibaruka usanga abamama bayo bakomeye kandi n’abana babo bafise amagara meza.

o Abavyeyi bagira ingorane nke iyo bibungenze no mu kwibaruka.o Abana bakagwara gake kandi bagakura neza.o Umwana wewe yonswa imyaka ibiri canke irenga.

Mu miryango badatevya gusama ngo habanze guca imyaka ibiri, abamama bagira amagara mabi kandi bakagwaragurika.

o Abo bavyeyi iyo bibungenze kenshi bakunda gusesemwa.o Abana babura ibikwiye vyo gufungura maze ntibakure neza.o Ugasanga abana bo musi y’imyaka ibiri bategerezwa gusangira ibere rya

nyina n’akandi kayoya gashasha kavutse.o Abamama n’abana babo basinzikazwa no gukama amaraso.

Abagore basama kare cane baba bageramiwe no kuzohava bahitanwa n’imbanyi bariko baribaruka.

o Uyu mugore yagize ingorane yo gukama amaraso.o Umubiri wiwe ntiwaronse akaryo ko kuruhuka no kwisanura inyuma y’aho

yaheruka kuvyara.o Yaratakaje amaraso menshi aca arapfa.

Abagore basamye kare cane kenshi birashika bakibaruka utwana duto cane canke bakibaruka abapfuye.

o Aka kana ni gato cane.o Bizokagora cane kuva mu buyoya kadapfuye.o Nyina ntiyashoboye kuruhuka inyuma y’uwo yaheruka kuvyara.o Umubiri wiwe vyarawugoye kuronsa umwana ingaburo ikwiye.

? Mbega woba umaze kwibonera abavyeyi bagize ingorane zandurutse ku mbanyi zegeranye cane? Mbwira ivyabouko vyari vyifashe.

Iciyumviro Congeweko co Gufasha UwigishaGutandukanya Imvyaro Uruvyaro rumwe kuri buri mvyaro zine mu bihugu vyinshi bitaratera imbere

rubera ku gihe kiri musi y’amezi 24 hagati y’ibiringo bibiri bikurikirana vyo kwibaruka.3

Inda Zikoroka Abavyeyi bibarutse umwana yapfuye canke inda igakoroka bakwiye kurindira

amazi atandatu imbere yo kwongera gusama.Gupfa Kwanduruka ku Mbanyi hamwe n’ukw’Abana Abagore bakamye amaraso cane (kandi ivyobigashobora guterwa n’uko baza

barasama bikurikiranya vuba) baba bageramiwe ku ncuro 3.5 zo gupfa bahitanywe n’imbanyi canke mu kwibaruka, gusumba abagore bafise amaraso akwiye.4

3 Family Planning during the First Year Postpartum. January 2008. Community Based Family Planning Technical Update No. 5. USAID. Available: www.flexfund.org/resources/technical_updates/No5_postpartum.pdf

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Mu bihugu bifise ibitigiri binini vy’abavuka (nk’Uburundi) iyo abagore n’abafasha babo baba baronswa impanuro n’inyigisho zobafasha kwirinda kwongera gusama, ibice 32% vy’abavyeyi bapfa vyandurutse ku mbanyi n’ibice 10% vy’abana bapfa bakiri bato, boshoboye kurusimba.5

Guha Umwana Ibere Ryonyene no Kuja mu Kwezi (Isanamu 8.3) – iminota 5

7. Kwerekana: Ni musabe abavyeyi b’abana b’abana gutondagura ivyo babona mu

masanamu ari ku rupapuro rwa 62 rw’igitabo mfashanyigisho.





Guha umwana ibere gusa birafasha kudasama mu mezi atandatu ya mbere.

o Karorero yaciye atangura kwonsa ubwo nyene agiheza kuvyara.o Kandi arashishikara kwonsa igihe cose Biguvu asavya ibere.o Nta bindi bintu vy’imfungurwa canke ibinyobwa amuha.o Kandi ivyo vyose biramufasha guteba kwongera gusama.

Iyo imihango y’ukwezi y’umugore igarutse canke umwana wiwe agatangura gufungura, kwongera gusama biba bishoboka.

o Iyo imihango y’ukwezi y’umugore itanguye, aba ashobora kwongera gusama.

o Iyo umuvyeyi ahaye umwana wiwe izindi mfungurwa, muri ico gihe biba bishoboka ko yongera gusama.

o Iyo ivyo bishitse imbere y’amezi atandatu, kwongera gusama kuba gushoboka.

Iyo umuvyeyi ahevye guha umwana wiwe ibere ryonyene gusa, imihango yiwe y’ukwezi ica igaruka. Akama agira imisi yo kuva buri kwezi. Akagira

4 Brabin, B. J., Hakimi, M., and Pelletier, D. (2001). An analysis of anemia and pregnancyrelated maternal mortality. Journal of Nutrition, 131(2S-2), 604S–614S5 Cleland J, et al. 2006. Family planning: The unfinished agenda. [Review] The Lancet 368 (9549): 1810-1827.

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n’imisi abona canke yumva uruziruzi ruke mu bihimba vy’irondoka.o Uruziruzi (secretions) rurashobora kuba ari umusarara canke

rutsize. Hariho n’ibindi mbere usanga ari ibinyigimbe canke bimata. Ahandi naho ugasanga ni utuntu tunyunyutse kandi turehutse.

o Iyo uruzirizi rutanguye kuza, rurashishikara rukamara imisi myinshi ikurikirana.

o Uyu mugore afise imisi itandatu yo kuva amaraso n’imisi 10 yo kuva uruziruzi.

Iciyumviro Congeweko co Gufasha UwigishaKuroranya Imvyaro mu Burundi Ibice 12% gusa vy’abagore bari mu bigero vyo kuvyara (canke abo bahuza

ibitsina) nib o bakoresha uburyo bwo kwirinda gusama, nk’ukobishikirizwa n’Ishirahamwe rya ONU rikurikirana ivy’Igwirirana ry’abantu.6

Gusama Ku bagore batonkeje canke abagore baha abana batarakwiza amezi atandatu

izindi mfungurwa n’ibindi vyo kunywa, gusama kuba gushoboka mu kiringo ca hafi cane kingana n’imisi 45 inyuma yo kwibaruka.

Ubuhinga bw’Imisi Ibiri (Isanamu 8.4) – iminota 5


rupapuro rwa 64.





6 Mulama, Joyce. Family Planning: Expand role for Private Sector. Health-Africa. 7 August 2009 Available: http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=47996

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Uze urigenzura buri muhingamo n’umugoroba ngo urabe ko uruziruzi rwoba rwaje.

Urashobora gukoresha intoke zawe canke agahuzu mu guhanaguza ibihimba vyawe wiherereye mu kazu ka sugumwe.

o Ni wabona uruziruzi, ico kizoba ari ikimenyetso cerekana ko woshobora gusama.

Kugira ngo wirinde gusama, ntugire imibonano mpuzabitsina asangwa warabonye urwo ruziruzi ejo canke uyu musi.

o Asangwa urwo ruziruzi waruzanye ejo gusa, wirinde imibonano mpuzabitsina.

o Asangwa urwo ruziruzi waruzanye uyu musi gusa, wirinde imibonano mpuzabitsina.

o Asangwa urwo ruziruzi rwaje uyu musi n’ejo, wirinde impuzabitsina.

Kugira ngo ntuhave usama, uzosubira kugira imibonano mpuzabitsina ni hahera imisi ibiri utongeye kubona uruziruzi.

o Asangwa ata ruziruzi wabonye ejo canke uyu musi, muri iri joro ntushobora kwongera gusama.

o Kandi ni waba uri mu mihango y’ukwezi, muri ico gihe ntivyoshoboka ko usama.

? None abagore bokora iki kugira ngo bahimirize abagabo babo kwigumya ngo ntibagire imibonano mpuzabitsina kuri iyo misi babonye uruziruzi?

Iciyumviro Congeweko co Gufasha UwigishaAkarusho k’ubuhinga bw’ “imisi ibiri” Iyo bwakoreshejwe neza, ubuhinga bw’imisi ibiri buba ngirakamaro ku bice

96% mu gufasha kwirinda gusama. 7 Ni ukuvuga ko ku bagore 100 bakoresha neza ubwo buryo, bane gusa nibo bashobora gusama batavyiteze.

Uruziruzi Uriziruzi rurashobora kunyerera rworoshe canke rukaba ikinyigimbe kimata.

Abagore ntibikenewe ko barinda gutandukanya ayo mokoyose y’uruziruzi. Ukuva kw’umugore kwose kutari amaraso kuba ari ikimenyetso cerekana kogusama bishoboka.

Abagore benshi barashobora gutandukanya imbuto z’umugabo n’uruziruzi ruba rusanzwe mu gihimba c’umugore. Imbuto z’umugabo barashobora kuzibona mu gihimba c’umugore mu gitondo gikurikira imibonano mpuzabitsina. Kuza baragenzura urwo ruziruzi ku muhingamo no ku mugoroba bizobafasha kwirinda kuzohava bitiranya ivyo bibiri.

Bisihitse umugore akaza arabona urwo ruziruzi mu misi 14 ikurikirana, birashoboka ko yoba yanduye ingwara yandukira mu bihimba vy’irondoka. Akwiye guca anyarukira kwa muganga kugira ngo bamupime kandi avugwe.

Muri rusangi, abagore baba bafise imisi iri hagati ya 12 – 13 buri kwezi bashobora gusamiramwo.

Abagore mu Gihe c’Inyuma yo Kwibaruka

7 Arévalo, M., Jennings V., Nikula M., and Sinai I. (2004). “Efficacy of the new TwoDay Method of Family Planning”. Fertility and Sterility 82(4):885-892.

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Uruziruzi rurashobora kugora kubona no gutahura mu kiringo c’imbere yokwongera kuja mu kwezi. Abagore barashobora kugira imisi myinshi babona uruziruzi mbere no ku misi gusama kudashoboka. Ivyo rero bigaca vyongereza imisi bategerezwa kwifata ntibagire impuzabitsina.

Ibindi vyiyumviro Kugira ngo baronke ibindi vyiyumviro canke izindi nzira zosubirizwa Ubuhinga

bw’Imisi Ibiri, ni muhimirize abagore kuja kubariza kw’ivuriro. Abakora muri uyu mugambi nabo barashobora gukura ibindi vyiyumviro kuri

website: http://www.irh.org

11. Igikorwa: Ubuhinga bw’Imisi Ibiri – iminota 15

Gusigura ido n’ido imihango yo kuja mu kwezi.

Ibikoresho bikenewe: Utuntu dutanu two kugereranya imisi abagore bava

buri kwezi Utuntu cumi 10 two kugereranya uruziruzi. Urupapuro rwagutse rw’ikirangamisi canke imirongo

ine igizwe n’udukiramende ndwi ndwi twacapishijwe n’agati hasi.

1. Shira utwo tuntu dutanu mu ndwi ya mbere kugira ngo mugereranye imisi yo kuva amaraso.

2. Shira utuntu 7 mu murongo ugira kabiri n’utuntu 3 mu murongo ugira gatatu kugira ngo mugereranye imisi y’uruziruzi.

Ni udome kuri buri musi, ubaze uti, ? Hamwe nogira impuzabitsina uyu musi, mbega

vyoshoboka ko nosama ? (Murabire ku cubake kiri aho hejuru mu kwishura).

? Mbega wiyumvamwo gute ico gikorwa co kwigenzura mu kurereka uruziruzi rukuvamwo? Mbega wumva ari ikintu woshobora gukora ata ngorane kiguteye?

? None uzoshobora gute kwama uribuka kurereka buri musi ko uruziruzi rwaje??

? None umugore yoshobora gute kuza ariyibutsa ivyabaye ejo?

Ivyiyumviro boshikiriza vyoshobora kuba birimwo ibi bikurikira: Gukoresha ikirangamisi mu kwandikako uruziruzi ubonye.

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Gukoresha utubuye tubiri two kukwibutsa. Bika utubuye tubiri n’akadumu mu kazu ka sugumwe. Uterere akabuye kamwe mu kadumu ku musi wa mbere uboneyeko uruziruzi. Maze uterere akabuye kagira kabiri ku musi wa kabiri ubonyeko uruziruzi. Asangwa kamwe canke utwo tubuye twose turi mu kadumu, wigumye ntugire impuzabitsina.

Ku musi wa mbere utongeye kubona ururziruzi, ukuremwo akabuye kamwe. Ku musi ukurikira ni utabona uruziruzi, ukuremwo akandi kabuye. Utwo tubuye twose umaze kudukura mu kadumu, urashobora kugira imibonano mpuzabitsina gushika igihe uzongera kubonerako urundi ruziruzi.

12. Gucaca – iminota 10







21









Nk’akarorero: Niyemeje kuzoha umwana ibere ryonyene gushika ku mezi atandatu kugira

ngo bimfashe kwirinda kwongera gusama. Niyemeje kuzoza ndarereka ko uruziruzi rwaje buri mugoroba n’umuhingamo. Niyemeje kuzoyaga n’umugabo wanje ku kibazo co gutevya iyindi mbanyi. Niyemeje kuzovugana n’umuganga ivy’uburyo buriho notoramwo

ubwomfasha gutevya kwongera gusama.


Baza umuvyeyi wese umwe inyuma y’uwundi ku vyemezo yari yafashe. What was your commitment at the last lesson?

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? Mbega ico cemezo waragishize mu ngiro? Gute? Ni ibiki wakoze?

Hanyuma baza abo bavyeyi bose umwe inyuma y’uwundi ingene bitwaye mu ndwi zibiri ziheze: Mbega warashikirije uwo mubana inyigisho wumvise mu ndwi iheze? None

yazakiriye gute? Ni gute wahimirije umufasha wawe kwongereza umwanya amarana n’abana?

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Icigwa c’9: Amasoko y’Amazu Asukuye, Gusukura no Kubika Amazi

Abavyeyi b’abana bazoshobora gutahura ingene amazi yandura imigera: intoki zicafuye zikoze mu mazi, ibikoresho bicafuye bidubitswe mu mazi, amazi mabi atembeye mu masoko y’amazi, hamwe n’ibikoko binywa ayo mazi, kumesa canke kwitumamu mazi.

Abavyeyi b’abana bazovoma amazi yo kunywa ku masoko atunganijwe neza (amariba apfutse, amasoko akingiwe, amazi ya rusengo, amabombo, canke itangi ry’amazi y’imvura akingiwe).

o Iyo ayomasokoy’amazi atunganijwe neza adahari, abavyeyi b’abana bazoca bagerageza kwitunganiriza isoko ryabo kandi bagerageze gusaba abategetsi ko bobatunganiriza ivomo.

Abavyeyi b’abana bazosukura amazi yo kunywa bakuye kw’ivomo iryo ari ryo ryose bakoresheje bumwe mu buryo bushikirizwa.

o Gusukura amazi ukoresheje Sur-Eeau. Ukoresha udufuniko tubiri ku maritiro 2o y’amazi. Uvange canke unyiganze neza. Urindire iminota 30 imbere yo kuyanywa.

o Gusukura amazi mu kuyateka. Ubanze urindire gushika ibisebuzi vyinshi bimaze kuboneka. Uyareke ariko arabira iminota 10. Maze ubanze uyareke ahore, hanyuma unywe.

Abavyeyi b’abana bazobika amazi yo guteka n’ayo gukaraba mu kintu c’isuku, gifundikiye, gifise akabombo canke umunwa muto hamwe n’umurumyo wugara neza kugira ngo imigera ntiyinjire.

o Igikoresho nk’ico batagifise, abavyeyi b’abana bazoza barakoresha igikombe canke icaruzo cabigenewe, mu kuyora amazi.

Abavyeyi b’abana bazokwemera ko gusukura amazi imbere yo kuyanywa bifasha kwirinda gucibwamwo no gufatwa n’ingwara zo gufungura nabi (akamaro ko kubikora action efficacy). 8

Ibikoresho1. Ibitabo vyo Guhamagariramwo Amazina 2. Igitabo c’Amasanamu Mfashanyigisho gitomora ivyokorwa vy’Ibanze mu

Ngaburo, mw’Isuku no mu Mwitwarariko ku Kayoya 3. Usabe umugore wese kuzana igikombe co kunywesha *4. Ibikoresho bikenewe mu kwerekana ingene basukura amazi bakoresheje

Chlore *5. Ibikoresho bikenerwa mu guteka amazi (isafuriya ifise ico gufundikira,

inkwi…).*6. Ilitiro imwe y’amazi ahoze, yasukuwe mu kuyateka.*

8 Action efficacy is a behavioral determinant in barrier analysis: if women believe purifying does work to reduce diarrhea (and that diarrhea is caused by germs in water), then they are more likely to purify their water. For more information visit www.barrieranalysis.com.

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Incamake y’icigwa c’9: Agakino: Ivyirore Guhamagara Amazina no Gushikiriza Umuti w’Ibibazo Gushikiriza inkuru no kubaza ibibazo ku nyifato zisanzwe zibaranga:

Kugurisha Sur-Eau Kwerekana amasanamu no gushikiriza inyigisho iri ku mpapuro za 65-72 z’iki

cigwa mu Gitabo c’Amasanamu Mfashanyigisho ku vy’Amasoko y’Amazi Asukuye, Gusukura Amazi: mu kuyateka canke mu Gukoresha Sur-Eau, hamwe no Kubika Amazi Neza.

Igikorwa: Kwumviriza Akanovera k’Amazi Gucaca ngo umenye intambamyi zoba ziriho Gutomora ngo ubereke umuti woshobora gutorerwa izo ntambamyi Kwimenyereza Kwiyemeza Gusuzuma ingene bagendeye mu vyo bari biyemeje no mu nyifato zijanye no

gutandukanya ivyaro.

1. Agakino: Ivyirore - iminota 10

1. Umuntu wese arondera umugenzi bakina muri aka gakino (n’uwurongoye agakino ntasigara inyuma).

2. Muri abo babiri babiri, umwe ahinduka "icirore." Uwo wundi nawe ni we “akina”( acteur). Uwo akina aza arakoresha umubiri utuntu dutandukanye. Icirore kigategerezwa gusubiramwo utuntu twose uwukina akoze.9

3. Uwurongoye agakino ni we atangura kwerekana akarorero akoranye n’uwo bakinana, gushika abonye ko umuntu wese amaze gutahura.

4. Maze abandi nabo bagaca baja hamwe babiri babiri bakagerageza kugakina.

5. Haciye iminota mike, uce usaba abo bagore guhindura uwo bariko barakorana, no guhindura ico bari (uwari icirore ahinduka uwukina, uwakina nawe agahinduka icirore)

6. Ni musubiremwo incuro nyinshi.

Noneho ko tumaze kuronka inguvu, hinge dutangure inama y’uyu musi.

9 Image from International HIV/AIDS Alliance (2002).

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1. Umu Promoteri akwiye kwandika ku mpapuro z’abitavye inama z’Umuvyeyi Tubaramure wese nk’uko vyerekanywe mu gakino k’akarorero ko mu Cigwa ca Kane c’Igitabo Mfashanyigisho ca mbere (Module 1).




Kugurisha Sur-Eau (Isanamu 9.1) – iminota 10

3. Inkuru Ni musome inkuru iri ku rupapuro rwa 65 rw’Igitabo c’Amasanamu

Mfashanyigisho.

Kw’isoko, Barumwete yahuye n’umugabo agurisha Sur-Eau. Uwo mugabo aramubaza, ati “Mbega uhora usukura amazi yawe? Ni wasuka ka chlore mu mazi yawe, ivyo bizotuma abana bawe batongera gufatwa no gucibwamwo!” Barumwete arahakana, ati “Nta muntu n’umwe nzi ashira chlore mu mazi aho mbaye. Amazi yacu tuyavoma mw’iriba. Kandi aba asanzwe ari meza!”

4. Gutohoza Baza ibibazo bibiri vya mbere kugira ngo mwongere kwihweza imvo zituma

Barumwete adasukura amazi yiwe. o Twizigira ko abari ngaho bazokwishura nk’uku: Barumwete yiyumvira

ko amazi yiwe asanzwe ari meza. Baza ikibazo kigira kabiri kugira ngo wumve ico abo bagore biyumvira ku

vy’amazi meza. o Iriba rya Barumwete ntirifundikiye, kandi amazi y’ubucafu bamesuje

aca atembera mw’iriba vyoroshe. Umugozi hamwe n’indobo bayadahisha vyuzurako ivumbi, imigera yo ku ntoki n’icondo igihe cose iyo babikoresheje.

o Amazi yiwe si meza. Amazi aba ari meza gusa iyo avuye kw’isoko risukuye, canke atetse, canke bayashizemwo chlore, canke amiminye, canke yasukuwe hakoreshejwe ubundi buhinga.

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Baza ikibazo ca nyuma kugira ngo urabe ko abo bagore bateka amazi, canke ko bayashiramwo chlore, hamwe rero n’imvo zibatera kubikora asangwa babikora.



? Ni kuki Barumwete atigora ngo asukure amazi akoresha?? None wiyumvira ko ayo mazi yiwe asanzwe ari meza?

Kubera iki?? Mbega amazi ukoresha ni meza? None urayasukura ?

Kubera iki uyasukura canke utayasukura?

Amasoko y’Amazi Asukuye (Isanamu 9.2) – iminota 5


rupapuro rwa 68.





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Mu nzuzi no mu tugezi harimwo imigera myinshi itera ingwara.o Imigera ivuye ku mubiri w’uwo mugore ica yinjira mu mazi.o Imigera izananye n’izuri ry’imvura hamwe n’ibikoko ingwa mu

mazi.o Kunywa ayo mazi bitera gucibwamwo.o Aho mu maso hijiriwe hatwereka ko ayo mazi atera ingwara.

Imigera yinjira vyoroshe mu mariba yuguruye.o Imigera izananye n’izuri ry’imvura hamwe n’ibikoko ingwa mu

mazi.o Imigera yo ku mbegeti zicafuye nayo nyene ikinjira muri ayo mazi.o Kunywa bene ayo mazi bitera gucibwamwo.o Iri riba si ryiza, yamara vyopfuma gusumba umugezi.

Iriba ripfutse riba rikingiwe. Imigera ntipfa kurigwamwo vyoroshe.o Ico kiripfundikira kibuza imigera kwinjira.o Baraheza kandi bakirinda gushira umugozi n’imbegeti hasi.o Yamara uwo mugozi n’iyo mbegeti ntibibura kwanduzwa

n’ubucafu bw’intoke hamwe n’ivumbi.o Aho mu maso hatwereka ko aya mazi agendeka tuyagereranije

n’ayo mw’iriba ryuguruye. Amazi ya rusengo aba akingiwe imigera yo ku ntoke n’iyo ku mbegeti.

o Uruzitiro narwo rugatuma ibikoko bitegera ayo mazi.o Birabujijwe ko abantu bahamesera impuzu canke ngo bate

imicafu hafi y’isoko ry’amazi.o Ngaho mu maso hatwereka ko ayo mazi ari yo ya mbere.

? Ni irihe vomo risa n’aho usanzwe uja kuvoma?? Ni mu buhe buryo ivomo ryanyu ryoshorora gutunganywa neza gusumba?

Iciyumviro Congeweko co Gufasha UwigishaIvyegeranyo Twokwishimikiza (Abashobora Kuronka Amazi Meza) Ibice 49% gusa vy’Abanyagihugu Tubaramure ikoreramwo (Ruyigi na

Cankuzo) ni bo bakoresha amasoko y’amazi yatunganijwe neza (amabombo rusangi, amariba afundikirwa, canke amazi yo mu macupa) mu kuvoma amazi banywa.

Amazi bavoma kw’ivomo ridakingiwe ari muri ayo mazi adasukuwe abo banyagihugu bakoresha ku rugero rw’ibice 31,9% mu Cankuzo na 37,1% mu Ruyigi, hagakurikira amazi y’imvura aza ubwa mbere mu yakoreshwa n’ibice 13,7% vy’abanyagihugu bo mu Cankuzo na 15,8% mu Ruyigi.

Imigera Imigera yo mu mazi irashobora gutera ingwara. Iyo migera irimwo iyitera

ingwara y’igitigu, rotavirus hamwe n’utugera dutera korela, tifoyide na giardia.

Iyo migera yose irashobora gukwiragira biciye mu mazi yo kunywa nk’uko yavomwe kw’ivomo. Kandi nta n’umwe muri iyo migera umuntu yoshobora kubonesha ijisho.

Amazi Meza kandi Amazi y’Umusarara

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Abantu bamwe biyumvira ko amazi y’umusarara aba ari amazi meza. Kubona amazi y’umusarara ntibica bisigura ko ata migera iriyamwo. Naho yoba ari amazi y’umusarara kandi akaba yavomwe kw’ivomo rikingiwe, birakenewe ko asukurwa imbere y’uko umuntu ayanywa. Amazi aba ari meza gusa iyo yasukuwe.

Ku Masoko y’Amazi Utuzu twa sugumwe, ibinogo ibikoko bishikeramwo, hamwe n’aho

bamesurira, vyose bikwiye kuba n’iburiburi ku metero 20 uvuye kw’ivomo. Ibitemba vyose bivuye muri ivyo bibanza birashobora kunyengetera mu mazi

yo mu gataka maze bigacafuza amazi y’imbizi.

Gusukura Amazi: Kuyateka canke Gukoresha Chlore (Isanamu 9.3) – iminota 30

7. Kwerekana: Ni musabe abarezi b’abana gutondagura ivyo babona mu masanamu ari ku

rupapuro rwa 70.




isanamu ijana na buri ngingo. Abo bagore ni ubereke akantu Sur-Eau iba irimwo Kandi abo bagore ubabwire igiciro n’ibibanza chlore ishobora kugurirwamwo

ngaho i wabo. Ubereke mu ngiro uburyo bwose bwo gusukura amazi ni waheza kubigisha. Asangwa abo bagore bo muri uwo mugwi badafise ibikoresho vyojamwo

amalitiro 20, basigurire ingene bovanga chlore mu kindi kintu bafatiye ku bunini bw’ivyo bindi bikoresho bikunda kuboneka.

Ku bagore badafise amasaha, ukwo guharura umwanya ugusubirize n’ibindi bikorwa bisanzwe bimara iminota 10 na 30.

Amazi yasukuwe na chlore ni yo azokoreshwa mu gikorwa co gusozera iki cigwa.

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Ntiwihutire kunywa amazi akiva kw’ivomo canke kw’isoko. Amazi ategerezwa kubanza gusukurwa.

o Naho woba ubona ari amazi y’umusarara arashobora kugutera ingwara.

o Imigera ni utuntu duto cane udashobora kubonesha ijisho.o Igihe cose wame witwararika gusukura amazi yo kunywa.

Suka amazi atari umusarara mu mpuzu nziza isukuye kugira ngo uyakuremwo umucafu.

o Ivyo birakuramwo uduhimba tunini tunini twari mu mazi.o Kandi bigafasha mu kwongereza uburyohe bw’amazi.

Ni wice imigera mu guteka amazi gushika abize. Uyamaze iminota 10 ariko arabira.

o Kubira kuba gutanguye iyo ibisebuzi bibonetse. Ayo mazi yashire ahantu mu kintu gifundikiye ahore.

o Muze murateka amazi akwiranye n’umusi umwe gusa.o Inyuma y’umusi umwe, imigera iba yatanguye kugwirirana mu

mazi adatemba. Ni wice imigera ukoreshejeSur-Eau. Suka udufuniko 2 twa Sur-Eau mu malitiro 20 y’amaziUvange neza. Maze urindire iminota 30. Ubanze kurindira iminota 30 imbere yo

kuyanywa.o Ayo mazi using arimwo akamoto gake ka chlore.o Ni wumva katumvikana, wongeremwo iyindi mitonyi ibiri. Maze

irindire iminota 15. Ivyegeranyo Twokwishimikiza (Gusukura no Kubika Amazi yo Kunywa) Itohoza ryerekanye ko ibice 16,9% vy’abavyeyi bo mu Cankuzo n’ibice 11,4%

vyo Ruyigi ari bo basukura amazi yo kunywa. Kubiza amazi yo kunywa muri rusangi bikorwa n’ibice 70,2% vy’abo bavyeyi basukura amazi yo kunywa.

Ivyegeranyo Twokwishimikiza (Ubumenyi ku vy’Ubuhinga bwo Gusukura Amazi) Kubika amazi yo kinywa mu kintu gifundikirwa ni yo ngiro yoroshe yavuzwe

n’ibice 68,7% vy’abavyeyi bo mu Cankuzo na 78,5% bo mu Ruyigi. Abarenga gato ibice 13% baravuze arikoko amazi akwiye gutekwa akabira imbere yo kuyanywa. Hariho ingo nke (3,3%) zavuze kuyatereka ahantu imicafu ikaja musi.

Ibice bishika ku 70% vy’abishuye nta na kimwe bazi ku muti wokoreshwa mu kwica imigera iri mu mazi kandi ibice 17% biyumvira ko umuti nk’uwo utabaho. Yamara rero, abagore bamwe baravuze ibinini bikoreshwa mu gusukura amazi (Sur eau, Aquatabs, Pur, Watermaker, Chlore, Iode): 15,8% mu Cankuzo na 5,9% mu Ruyigi.

Ingorane Zoterwa na Chlore hamwe n’Amazi Avanzemwo Chlore Klore itavanze neza ikaze ni uburozi candi irashobora kwonona uruhu,

impuzu, amaso canke intoki. Klore hamwe n’amazi avanzemwo chlore nyinshi mubishire kure y’abana bato. Kandi mwame muyugara neza murumye. Bishitse klore igaseseka ku ntoki, muce mwihutira gukaraba n’isabune.

Ni mutonyezemwo gusa imitonyi ya klore yanditse ku co irimwo. Mushizemwo klore nyinshi irashobora kubatera ingwara ikomeye.

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Akanovera Iyo klore irahindura akanovera k’amazi kandi bamwe barashobora kudashima

gukoresha klore. Ukoamazi yasukuwe na klore amara umwanya munini, ni ko akanovera ka klore gatera kagabanuka muri yo.

Akarusho Klore irice ibice 99.99% vy’imigera itera gucibwamwo iyoikoreshejwe mu

gusukura amazi y’umusarara. Ariko ntikora neza gushika kuri urwo rugero iyo ikoreshejwe mu mazi adasa neza.

Klore n’Iyindi Miti yo Gusukura Abantu Bikorera Imiti abantu bikorera yo gusukura amazi igurishwa ku masoko irashobora

kuba itarimwo ubumara bukwiye canke ikaba irimwo uwundi muti w’ubundi bwoko. Hariho abadandaza bamwe bongereza amazi muri uwo muti maze bakongera kuwugurisha.

Uwo muti utegerezwa kuba urimwo klore kugira ngo ushobore gukora. Ntimukoreshe umuti ufise akamoto, canke utagira irangi, canke wavanzwe n’ibindi vyo kwoza.

Asangwa ivy’ijana vya chlore bishika ku 1% canke ukaba utazi ivy’ijana birimwo, ukoreshe amama 10 kw’ilitiro, asangwa harimwo ibice 7-10 %, koresha ima rimwe kw’ilitiro. Yamara ugwize na kabiri ubwinshi bwa klore asangwa ayo mazi adasa n’umusarara, arimwo inombe, canke afise irindi bara. 10

Amazi Atari Umusarara Amazi atari umusarara canke arimwo ivyondo ni amazi atovye. Imbere yo

gusukura amazi atovye, imyanda irimwo minini itegerezwa kubanza gukurwamwo.

Hanyuma amazi atovye amaze gutosorwa, umuntu aca akenera kuyasukura akoresheje ubu buhinga: kuyateka akabira, kuyamimina, kuyashiramwo klore, canke mu gukoresha imishwarara y’izuba.

Gusukura Amazi Atari Umusarara Kumimina ukoresheje akahuzu kwarabonetse ko kugabanya ukwandura

kolera mu gihugu ca Bangladesh kuko vyafasha gukuramwo udukoko two mu mazi twitwa kopepode umugera wa kolera uba wihetseko. Uburemere bw’ako gahuzu burahindagurika; yamara koba ari agahuzu katabonerana cane ku buryogashobora gukuramwo imicafu myinshi. Gukoresha agahuzu biragabanya ugutobeka kw’amazi, yamara amazi aba agikeneye kwongera gusukurwa hakoreshejwe klore.

Kuyatereka ahantu ngo Yimimine . Muri ubu buhinga, amazi amazwa amasaha ari hagati y’2 na 24 gushika uduhimba twose tugiye kwirambika musi y’ico arimwo. Ayo mazi y’umusarara aba yitosoye (agasukwa mu yindi mbegeti), hagasigara vya bicafu biri ku ndiba. Ubwo buhinga buragabanya ugutobeka kw’amazi n’umuti klore wari ukenewe wo kuyasukura. 11

Guteka Amazi Amazi akoreshwa mu guteka nayo nyene arakwiye gusukurwa. Aho amazi

atabanje gusukurwa ashobora gukoreshwa mu guteka ni iyo ayo mazi (mu guteka) aza kuronka akaryo ko kubira iminota 15 canke irenga.

Kubika Amazi Neza (Isanamu 9.4) – iminota 5

10 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ground Water and Drinking Water – Customer Service. Available: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/faq/emerg.html11 Preventing Diarrheal Disease in Developing countries: Simple Options to Remove Turbidity (January 2009) CDC USAID

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http://www.epa.gov/safewater/faq/emerg.html

9. Kwerekana: Ni musabe abarezi b’abana gutondagura ivyo babona mu masanamu ari ku

rupapuro rwa 72.





Ivyo kuyabikamwo vyuguruye bituma imigera iyinjiramwo.o Uyu mwana ariko arashira mu mazi imigera yari ku kuboko kwiwe.o Igikombe gicafuye naco kiza congereza imicafu mu mazi.o Kunywa amazi nk’ayo birashobora gutera ingwara.

Kunywa amazi ukoresheje igikombe co kudubika vyongereza imigera mu mazi yari yasukuwe.

o Imigera yari kuri ico gikombe ica yisubirira mu mazi.o Noneho ayo mazi yose aba asigaye arimwo imigera yoshobora gutera

ingwara. Mu kudaha amazi, mukoreshe ikidahisho. Kandi ico kidahisho mugikingire

ntikijeko imigera.o Ayo mazi ni meza gusumba ayabitse mu bintu vyuguruye

n’ayatakoreshejwemwo ikidahisho.o Ico kidahisho muze muracogesha isabune n’amazi buri ndwi.

Suka amazi uyakura mu co abitsemwo gifise umurumyo. Ayo mazi aba akingiwe.

o Nta bana bashobora kuyakozamwo intoke canke ngo abantu bayakozemwo ibidahisho bicafuye.

o Umurumyo ufunga ugakomeza utuma imigera itinjira.o Ariko arakoresha ikintu cahoramwo amavuta mu gutanga amazi.

? Mbega umugore yokwoza kangahe ico abikamwo amazi?o N’iburiburi rimwe buri ndwi akoresheje isabune. Ukirongorore

ukoresheje amazi nayo nyene yasukuwe.

Iciyumviro Congeweko co Gufasha UwigishaUmuti wo Kwica Udukoko mu Mazi

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Ntimukigere mukoresha ikintu cahoramwo umwavu w’ikizungu canke icupa ryahoramwoumuti wokwica udukoko,mu kubika canke mu gutwara amazi. Iyo mitiyahora muri ico kintu irashobora kwivanga muri ayo mazi maze ikabatera ingwara zikomeye canke mugapfa muyanyoye.

11. Igikorwa: Kwumviriza Akanovera k’Amazi– iminota 15

Ibikoresho bikenewe: Ilitiro ry’amazi yasukuwe na Sur-Eau (yasukuriwe ngaho nyene mu kwerekana

akarorero) Ilitirory’amazi ahoze yasukuwe mu kuyabiza Ibikombe vyo kunywesha vy’abo bagore bose

1. Ni uhe umugore wese akarorero k’amazi yatetswe akabira. 2. Ni uhe umugore wese akarorero k’amazi yasukuwe na Sur-Eau

? Mbega ni ayahe mazi afise akanovera keza?

3. Ni mushikirize ivyiyumviro ku vyiza n’ibibi bijana n’uburyo bwose harimwo akanovera, igiciro, hamwe n’ukworoherwa mu kuyasukura.

4. Himiriza umugore wese kwihitiramwo uburyo bwiwe azoza arakoresha mu rugo mu gusukura amazi. Uburyo bwose yohitamwo muri ubwo bubiri ni bwiza.

5. Subiramwo intambuko umuntu acako mu gushiramwo klore gushika ubonye ko bose babitahuye. Subiramwo intambukozose umuntu acako mu kuyateka akabira no mu kuyahoza. Maze wishure ibibazo bakubaza.




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Nk’akarorero: Niyemeje kuzoza ndavoma amazi kw’iriba rifundikirwa. Niyemeje kuzoza ndagura klore yo gushira mu mazi yo kunywa. Niyemeje kuzorondera umurumyo ufundikira neza ico mbikamwo amazi. Niyemeje kuza ndasukura amazi yo kunywa mu kuyateka akabira.

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Ni ubaze abo bavyeyi bose umwe inyuma y’uwundi ku vyemezo bari bafashe.

Mbega mu cigwa giheze wari wiyemeje gukora iki? None ico wiyemeje waragishize mu ngiro? Gute – Ni ibiki wakoze?

Mu gusozera, ni ubaze abo bavyeyi umwe inyuma y’uwundi ku nyifato yabaranze mu ndwi zibiri ziheze: Mbega waravuganye n’umufasha wawe ivyo gutandukanya imvyaro? Ni ubuhe buhinga uriko urakoresha mu gutevya iyindi mbanyi? Ni ibihe bimenyetso vyereka umuvyeyi ko yoshobora gusama? None uzoja kwa muganga ryari gusiguza ibijanye n’ikibazo co gutwara inda?

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Icigwa ca 10: Uburyo Bubereye Bwo Gukura Umwanda Mukuru

Abavyeyi b’abana bazoshobora kudondora ingene imigera yo mu mwanda mukuru ishika mu kanwa k’umwana: isazi zigwa ku mfungurwa zigasigaho iyo migera, imigera iri ku ntoki zicafuye ija mu mfungurwa, imigera iri ku ntoki zicafuye ija mu mazi yo kunywa.

Abavyeyi b’abana bazoza barata umwanda mukuru mu kazu ka sugumwe canke mu cobo.12

o Asangwa ata tuzu twa sugumwe duhari, umwanda mukuru uzotabwa mu kinogo bimvye hasi maze bace bawufurira.

o Asangwa ari umwana muto yituma mu kintu (pot), uwo mwanda mukuru baca baja kuwuta mu kinogo c’akazu ka sugumwe ubwo nyene canke bakawuhamba.

o Abavyeyi b’abana bazoza baroza ico kintu yitumamwo no mu ntoki bahejeje guta umwanda mukuru.

o Abavyeyi b’abana bazoca bihutira gukaravya umwana umwana ahejeje gukoresha akazu ka sugumwe.

Abavyeyi b’abana bazoshobora kwubaka (bafashijwe n’abandi bo kuri uwo mutumba) ikinogo ca sugumwe gitunganije neza co mu muryango wabo.

o Ako kazu ka sugumwe karasakaye kugira ngo gakingirwe imvura.o Ako kazu ka sugumwe gafise ibihome ku buryo umuntu ashobora

kwiherera ata wumubona.o Ako kazu ka sugumwe karafise igifundikira umwobo kugira ngo isazi

n’imvura ntivyinjiremwo.o Ako kazu ka sugumwe kazoba gafise Igikarabiro kimanitse ngaho hafi

kugira ngo baze barakaraba. Abavyeyi b’abana bazoshobora kubona ibibanza vyo ngaho ku mutumba

basangamwo umwanda mukuru wiyanitse hejuru udumako isazi nyinshi. Maze bazokorana n’abakuru b’umutumba mu gutunganya umutumba uzira umwanda mukuru wiyanitse hejuru.


Ngaburo, mw’Isuku no mu Mwitwarariko ku Kayoya

Incamake y’Icigwa ca 10: Agakino: Fata Isazi12 Based on findings of the Local Determinants of Malnutrition Study: Mothers of healthier children were four times more likely to have a child that defecated in a proper spot at last defecation.

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Guhamagara Amazina no Gushikiriza Umuti w’Ibibazo Gushikiriza inkuru no kubaza ibibazo ku nyifato zibaranga: Bituma ku Mbuga. Kwerekana amasanamu no gushikiriza inyigisho iri ku mpapuro za 73-80

z’Igitabo c’Amasanamu Mfashanyigisho: Kwandura Imigera, Kwongereza Umwitwarariko wo Gukura Umwanda Mukuru hamwe n’Akazu ka Sugumwe Gasukuye.

Igikorwa: Umwanda Mukuru wo mu Kigwati Uragendagenda Gucaca ngo umenye intambamyi zoba ziriho Gutomora ngo ubereke umuti woshobora gutorerwa izo ntambamyi Kwimenyereza babiri babiri Kwiyemeza Gusuzuma ingene bagendeye mu vyo bari biyemeje bijanye no gusukura no

kubika amazi.

1. Agakino: Fata Isazi - iminota 10

1. Saba abo bagore bahagarare babiri babiri.2. Muri aka gakino, umugore umwe ni isazi, uwundi nawe ni umutego w’isazi.3. Umutego w’isazi utega ukuboko kumwe , ikiganza cubuye, ku rugero

rw’ikiyunguyungu. 4. Maze wa wundi nawe yaba ye isazi agatunga hasi urutoki rukurikira urukumu

arwerekeza mu kiganza c’uwo wundi mugore. Isonga ry’urutoki rwiwe rikora gato cane ku kiganza c’umutego w’isazi.

5. Umutego w’isazi ugerageza guca ukoresha intoki ngo ucakire iyo sazi, ni ukuvuga urwo rutoki rw’uwo mugore. Yamara ategerezwa kugumiza ikiganza n’ukuboko aho biri, ico akora gusa ni ugufunga intoki agerageza gucakira urutoki rw’uwo wundi mugore. Igihe cose ahushije, ategerezwa guca yemera kwugurura ikiganza, akareka iyo sazi ikigwira bukebuke, igakora ku kiganza ciwe.

6. Iyo naho ashoboye gufata iyo sazi, baca baguza ibikorwa. 7. Ni mushishikare iminota myinshi gushika umuntu wese amaze gutwenga.

Ubu noneho, hinge dutangure icigwa c’uyu musi.


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Bituma ku Mbuga (Isanamu 10.1) – iminota 10


Mfashanyigisho.

Barumwete yagiye mu nama yo ku mutumba. Muri iyo nama Barumwete yumva umugore w’umunyacubahiro avuga ivyo gukomeza isuku ku mutumba. Ku muhingamo, abakuru b’umutumba batangura kugendagenda ku mutumba. Maze bahagarara ku rugo kwa Barumwete. Wa mugore yakoresha inama yerekana umwanda mukuru wuzuye ku mbuga kwa Barumwete, ati “Uru rugo ni kwa nde? Mbega nta kazu ka sugumwe bafise? Bituma ahantu hose.” Barumwete ubwo nyene uwo mwanda nawe aca arawubona.

4. Gutohoza Soma ibibazo biri ku rupapuro rwa 73 rw’igitabo c’amasanamu

mfashanyigisho. Baza ikibazo ca mbere kugira ngo mwongere kwihweza insiguro y’uko

kumaramara kwa Barumwete.o Twizigira ko abari ngaho bazokwishura bati: Barumwete yamaramaye

kubera ko uwo mugore w’umutegetsi ariko araraba ku mbuga yiwe maze bimutera isoni. Yerekanye umwanda mukuru wandagaye ku mbuga. Maze Barumwete aca aratahura ko ivyo akora atari vyiza bimaramaje.

Baza ibibazo bibiri vya nyuma kugira ngo umenye aho abantu benshi bo kuri uwo mutumba bituma.

o Twizere ko urugo rwose ruba rufise akazu ka sugumwe canke ikibanza bahambamwo umwanda mukuru.



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? Ni kuki Barumwete yabuze uko yifata?? None mu bisanzwe abantu bituma hehe?? Mbega abo mu muryango wawe bituma hehe?

Kwandura Imigera (Isanamu 10.2) – iminota 5


rupapuro rwa 76.





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Umwanda mukuru uba wuzuyemwo imigera. Muri iyi sanamu, imigera isa n’icatsi kibisi.

o Imigera ni mito cane ku buryo tutayibonesha amaso.o Iyi sanamu itwereka imigera mu bisanzwe tudashobora kubona.o Imigera y’umwanda mukuru w’umwana iri ku ntoki ziwe.

Ya migera yari ku ntoki zicafuye noneho ishitse mu kanwa k’umwana.o Umwanda mukuru wari ku ntoki ziwe noneho ushitse mu kanwa

kiwe. Imigera izanwa n’isazi nayo iri mu kanwa k’uwo mwana.

o Isazi zigwa ku mwanda mukuru.o Imigera yari mu mwanda mukuru igafata ku maguru yazo.o Maze zagwa ku mfungurwa, zigasiga imigera muri izo mfungurwa.o Uyu mwana ariko aramiragura iyo migera.

Imigera iva ku ntoki zicafuye iri no mu mazi yo kunywa.o Amazi yo kunywa ntasubira kuba meza asukuye.o Imigera igendagenda muri ayo mazi.

Kumira imigera yavuye ku mwanda mukuru bitera gucibwamwo no kudahwa.

o Noneho uwo mwana yagwaye gucibwamwo.o Imigera yamuteye kugwara.

? Ni ikihe kintu kimwe nyina w’uwo mwana yari gushobora gukora kugira ngo amukingire izo ngwara?

o Gukarabisha intoki z’uwo mwana ahejeje kwituma.

Iciyumviro Congeweko co Gufasha UwigishaImigera yitwa Bacterie Hariho imigera yitwa bacteria myiza na mibi, nk’uko hasanzwe hariho ibiterwa

vyiza na bibi (vy’uburozi). Mu mushishito turafise imigera myiza idufasha gucagagura no gusya ivyo dufunguye. Tudafise iyo migera, ntitwoshobora kubaho.

Yamara kandi mu mushishito no mu mara harimwo n’utugwi duto duto tw’ama bakiteri mabi (atera ingwara). Iyo mu mushishito wacu no mu mara harimwo imigera yitwa bakiteri myinshi mibi (kubera ko twamize iyo migera myinshi), ingwara ica idufata.

Imigera yitwa bakiteri mibi itera uduhimba tugize amara, ikadutabagaza, maze aho hantu hagatangura kubabara, canke tugafatwa no gucibwamwo canke n’ibindi bimenyetso. Iyo migera yose yitwa bakiteri, yaba myiza canke mibi, isohokana n’umwanda mukuru.

Gukaraba Bidukingira Gucibwamwo Gukaraba n’isabune ni bwo buryo butazimvye bwokingira abantu benshi

ingwara zo gucibwamwo no guhitanwa nazo.13 Gukaraba imbere yo gufungura, yo gutegura imfungurwa, n’iyo umuntu avuye mu kazu ka

13 Cairncross, S. Valdmanis V. 2006. Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion. Chapter 41. Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. Second Edition. Edt. Jameson et al 2006. The World Bank. Washington DC: National Institutes of Health.

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sugumwe, birashobora kugabanya ugucibwamwo mu bana gushika ku bice 50 kw’ijana.14

Kwongereza Umwitwarariko wo Gukura Umwanda Mukuru (Isanamu 10.3) – iminota 5


rupapuro rwa 78.





Umwanda mukuru uri ku mbuga ukwiragiza imigera mu bandi.o Isazi ziraza kuwurya.o Ibikoko bikaza kurya uwo mwanda mukuru.o Inzoka ziri mu mwanda mukuru zirashobora kwinyegeza mw’ivu

maze zikanyegera mu bandi bantu.o Uwo mwanda mukuru wegereye cane ku nzu.

Muhambe umwanda mukuru kure y’inzu kugira ngo mwigizeyo isazi.o Umuvyeyi ahamvye umwanda mukuru w’umwana wiwe kugira

ngo yirukane isazi (ni vyiza).o Umwana na nyina ntibaronse aho bakaraba (ni bibi).o Yamara ivyo birasumba gusiga uwo mwanda mukuru ku mbuga.o Aho mu maso hijiriwe hatumenyesha ko imigera ikiri ku ntoki

z’umwana. Guta umwanda mukuru mu kazu ka sugumwe bifasha abandi kutandura

iyo migera. Ni uce ukaravya uwo mwana kugira ngo wirukane imigera. Kandi ico yitumamwo (pot) ucogeshe isabune.

o Karorero arabuza imigera gukwiragira.o Arakaravya umwana kugira ngo amukureko imigera.o Kandi akoza ico yitumamwo igihe cose ahejeje kugikoresha.o Ntiyigera yemera ko umwanda mukuru wandagara ku mbuga

yiwe.14 Curtis, V., and S. Cairncross. 2003. “Effect of Washing Hands with Soap on Diarrhea Risk in the Community: A Systematic Review.” Lancet Infectious Diseases 3: 275–81.

42

o Aho mu maso hatwereka ko ubwo ari bwo buryo bubereye bwo kwikiza umwanda mukuru.

? Ni iyihe muri izi sanamu yoba ihuye n’uburyo uhora ukoresha?? Ni gute woshobora kwongereza umwitwarariko ukoresha mu kwigiza kure

umwanda mukuru w’umwana wawe? Iciyumviro Congeweko co Gufasha UwigishaAnkilostome Umwana agwaye iyi nzoka yo mu nda yitwa ankilostome arekura amagi yayo

mu mwanda mukuru wiwe. Maze ayo magi akazoberagurira mw’ivu. Abana bariko barakinira hafi y’iryo vu ryanduye, bahagendesha ibirenge batambaye ibirato, canke bagafungura ivyarimwe kuri ako gataka, baca bandukirwa n’iyo nzoka. Ankilostome irashobora kwinjira mu mubiri w’umuntu iciye mu ruhu canke umuntu ayimize. Abana banduye ankilostome bagira ingorane yo gukama amaraso cane

Ivyegeranyo Twokwishimikiza (Gukoresha Isabune) Babajijwe ibihe bakarabiyemwo ku musi wabanjirije iryo tohoza, ibice 12%

gusa vy’abavyeyi bo mu Cankuzo n’ 7.3% bo mu Ruyigi nib o bavuze ko bakaravye bahejeje kwituma. Ibice 8% gusa vy’abavyeyi mu Cankuzo n’7.5% bo mu Ruyigi nib o bavuze ko bakaravye bahejeje gutawaza abana.

Babajijwe ibihe bibereye vyo gukarabiramwo, ibice 25% vy'abavyeyi (15.5% mu Cankuzo na 28.4% mu Ruyigi) nib o bavuze iyo bavuye mu kazu ka sugumwe nayo ibice 13.8% vy’abavyeyi (8.1% mu Cankuzo na 15.8% mu Ruyigi) bavuze iyo bahejeje gutunganya umwana yitumye canke kumutawaza.

Akazu ka Sugumwe Gasukuye (Isanamu 10.4) – iminota 5


rupapuro rwa 83.





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Isazi zivyarira mu tuzu twa sugumwe dusukuye. Intoki ziriko imigera nazo zigakwiragiza imigera.

o Aka kazu ka sugumwe ntigasakaye, ntikagira umuryango canke igifundikizo.

o Kandi nta n’aho gukarabira hariho.o Isazi zizotwara imigera ziyikwiragize mu bandi.

Akazu ka sugumwe gafundikiye kirukana isazi. Kandi gukaraba n’isabune canke n’iminyota vyica imigera.

o Hasi muri ako kazu ka sugumwe hari igisima.o Umufundikizo urafasha mu kubuza isazi kuvyarira muri ico kinogo.o Igikarabiro (Tippy Tap) cibutsa abantu gukaraba n’isabune canke

n’umunyota. Akazu ka sugumwe gasakaye kandi kariko umuryango kaba gakingiwe

imvura n’umuyaga. Vyoba vyiza kubatse nko ku metero 20 uvuye ku masoko y’amazi no ku mazu.

o Akazu ka sugumwe karasakarwa kandi kakagira n’umuryango kugira ngo gakingirwe imvura n’ivumbi.

o Igikarabiro (Tippy Tap) cibutsa abantu gukaraba n’isabune canke n’iminyota.

o Aho mu maso h’umuntu hatwengatwenga hagomba kuvuga ko ako kazu ka sugumwe ari ko gafise imigera mike cane gusumba utundi.

o Ntikanduza amasoko y’amazi akegereye.

Ivyegeranyo Twokwishimikiza (Isuku mu Ngo) Ibice 18% gusa vy’abo bakozweko itohoza nib o bakoresha utuzu twa

zugumwe twubatse neza (ikinogo gifutswe n’ikintu gikozwe n’isima. Ibice (79%) vy’ingo zo muri izo ntara zibiri zose bikoresha nk’utuzu twa sugumwe ibinogo bidafutswe n’ikintu c’igisima.

Imyuzurira n’Amazi y’Imvura Mu gihe c’imvura, ingwara yo gucibwamwo iriyongera kubera ko imyuzurira

y’imvura igenda irakubura mu binogo vya sugumwe maze ikajana imigera mu masoko y’amazi yose. Ni mwubake akazu ka sugumwe ahantu hataramutse hadatwarwa n’umwuzurira. Kandi mwubake ikinogo n’igifundikira akazu ka sugumwe kugira ngo mugakingire amazi y’imvura ntiyinjiremwo ngo akuzuze amazi.

Imeza y’Amazi Imeza y’amazi ni uburinganire bwo musi mu gataka, iyo uburenganye uca

ushikira ahasendanishije amazi yo mu gataka. Iyo imeza y’amazi iri hejuru (ni ukuvuga ku tumetero duke musi y’aha duhonyorako), umwana mukuru wo mu kinogo ca sugmwe uca wisuka mu mazi yo mu gataka maze ukanduza amasoko y’amazi yose ahegereye.

Mu ntara usanga imeza z’amazi ziri hejuru, mwokwimba ibinogo vya sugumwe bidashika kure kandi mukavyimba ahantu hataramutse. Mubonye ico kinogo gitanguye gutobokamwo amazi, ivyo vyerekana ko mwacimvye mugishikana kure. Ni mwunguruze muje ahandi hataramutse.

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Mu ntara imeza y’amazi yegereye canke iri ku rugero rw’iyi si duhonyorako, utuzu twa sugumwe duca dukenera kwubakwa mu bikoresho bizibira amazi yo muri sugumwe ngo ntiyinjire mu mazi yo mu gataka, kandi n’amazi y’umwuzurira ntiyinjire mu kazu ka sugumwe.

Murondeye kumenya vyinshi ku buryo bwiza bwo kwubaka, ronderera kuri “Technology Notes” at http://www.wateraid.org/uk/

11. Igikorwa: Umwanda Mukuru Uragendagenda – iminota 15

1. Ni mugendere ingo z’abagore bamwe bamwe bo muri uwo mugwi.2. Ubasabe kukujana aho abantu bituma. Asangwa azo ngo zituma ku gahinga,

ni mujeyo naho nyene. Mumarane umwanya wose ukwiye muri aho hantu ubabaza ibibazo. Bazokwumva babuze uko bifata mu gihe muzoba muhagaze ngaho n’umwanda mukuru usabagiye ahantu hose kandi n’umunuko. Bishobotse ukahamara umwanya munini, ni ho vyoba ari vyiza. Ivyo bizobatera gufata ingingo kandi bihimirize n’abandi guhinduka.15

3. Ni ubaze ibi bibazo bikurikira.a. “Abagore bituma hehe? Abagabo? Abana? Abagwaye?” b. Ubaze abana bari ngaho uti, “mwituma hehe”?c. “Mbega hoba hariho amategeko mu kigwati canyu ategeka abantu aho

bakwiye kwituma? None abantu ayo mategeko barayubahiriza? None iyo bayarenze bica bigenda gute?”

d. Bereke umwanda mukuru bamaze umwanya muto bitumye, ubabaze uti “Mbega hari udukoko mwoba mubona turi kuri uwo mwanda mukuru?” (imibu, isazi, ibikogoshi, utundi dukoko, …)? None izo si za sazi nyene zihora zigwa ku mfungurwa zanyu? None mwiyumvira ko zoba zigenda zitwaye umwanda mukuru mu nzu yanyu?”

e. “Mbega uwo mwanda mukuru wose urasa? Kubera iki?” Ni werekane umwanda mukuru w’uruziruzi mubona muri ico kibanza.

4. Gerageza kuraba ko hari inkoko canke ibindi bikoko vyoba biriko birarya canke biryamye hafi y’uwo mwanda mukuru.

5. Mu nzira ugende uraca kuraba utuzu twa sugumwe twinshi. a. Mbega abo bantu barakoresha akazu ka sugumwe? Kubera iki

batagakoresha? Mbega kari n’isuku? Mbega karafise igifundikira? Mbega karafise igikarabiro?

6. Ni usabe abo bagore gushikiriza ivyiyumviro ku co bigiye muri ukwo kugendagenda mu kigwati.

15 Activity adapted from Kamal kar and Robert Chambers’ Handbook on Community-Led Total Sanitation. Plan UK and the Institute of Development Studies. Available: http://plan-international.org

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Nk’akarorero: Niyemeje kuzoza ndahamba umwanda mukuru w’umwana wanje. Niyemeje kuzoza ndata umwanda mukuru w’umwana wanje muri sugumwe. Niyemeje ko tuzovugana n’abo mu muryango wanje ivyo kwubaka akazu ka

sugumwe. Niyemeje kuzokora igifundikira gikwiranye n’umwobo w’akazu ka sugumwe.


Baza abo bagore umwe inyuma y’uwundi ku vyemezo bari barafashe.

Mbega mu cigwa giherutse wari wiyemeje gukora iki? None ico wiyemeje waragishize mu ngiro? Gute – Ni iki wakoze?

Mu gusozera uheze ubaze abo bavyeyi bose umwe inyuma y’uwundi ku ngendo yabaranze mu ndwi zibiri ziheze: Mbega amazi yawe wayasukuye gute muri iyi ndwi? Mbega umuntu wese wo mu muryango wawe arazi ingene basukura amazi? Ni ibiki wahinduye ku co ukoresha mu kubikamwo amazi? Mbega hari ico mwoba mwarahind uye kw’ivomo muvomako?

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Icigwa ca 11: Kwandura no Kwikingira Malariya (Umusegetera Urimwo Umuti )

Abavyeyi b’abana bazoshobora gusubiramwo ingene malariya yandukira: Agakoko gatera malariya kava mu maraso y’umuntu yanduye umubu ukakinjiza mu wundi muntu (atari afise ako gakoko), ukakamuteramwo mu kumurya.

Abavyeyi b’abana bazokwemera ko malariya ari inwara ikomeye ishobora gutuma umuntu aba intere mu kanya gato kandi itavuwe vuba igahitana abana batarakwiza imyaka itanu (kwongerezwa umutima wo kuzirikana ububi bw’ico kiza).16

o Utuyoya n’abana bakiri bato barageramirwa cane no gusinzikazwa na malariya kandi no guhitanwa vuba n’iyo ngwara.

o Malariya mu bana bakiri bato ituma bakama amaraso, kandi ivyo bigatuma basubira inyuma mu gikuriro kandi n’ubwenge ntibutere imbere neza.

Abavyeyi b’abana bazokwihutira gutwara abana babo kwa muganga kuri uwo musi nyene bumvise ubushuhe. Iyo baciye bavugwa hakiri kare bituma batageramirwa no gupfa, bakagwara malariya imisi mike kandi n’amahirwe y’umubu yo gukwiragiza iyo malariya ngo yanduze abandi bo muri uwo muryango akagabanuka.

Abavyeyi b’abana bazokwitwararika kuraba ko abana batarakwiza imyaka itanu mu majoro yose baryama musi y’umusegetera kugira ngo bakingirwe malariya.

Abavyeyi b’abana bazomanika neza umusegetera urimwo umuti mu nzu zabo kugira ngo bagabanye igitigiri c’imibu.

Abavyeyi b’abana bazokwiyumvamwo ko bafise ubushobozi bwo kubuza imibu (hamwe n’udukoko itwara) kugirira nabi abana babo.


Ngaburo, mw’Isuku no mu Mwitwarariko ku Kayoya.

Incamake y’Icigwa ca 11: Agakino: Guharura Imibu Guhamagara Amazina no Gushikiriza Umuti w’Ibibazo Gushikiriza inkuru no kubaza ibibazo ku nyifato zibaranga ubu: Imvura Izana

Malariya Kwerekana amasanamu no gushikiriza inyigisho nyamukuru iri ku mpapuro za

81-88 z’Igitabo c’Amasanamu Mfashanyigisho: Kwandura Malariya, Ingene

16 Perceived severity is a behavioral determinant in barrier analysis: if women believe that malaria can cause illness and death to infants, they are more likely to take action to prevent and treat it. For more information visit www.barrieranalysis.com.

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Malariya Ibangamira Utuyoya n’Abana, hamwe no Kwikingira Malariya mu Rugo.

Igikorwa: Uremera canke Urahakana Gucaca ngo umenye intambamyi zoba ziriho Gutomora ngo ubereke umuti woshobora gutorerwa izo ntambamyi Kwimenyereza babiri babiri Kwiyemeza Gusuzuma ingene bagendeye mu vyo bari biyemeje no mu nyifato zijanye no

gukura umwanda mukuru.

1. Agakino: Guharura Imibu - iminota 10

1. Saba abo bagore bahagarare ku muzingi. Uwurongoye ako gakino ahagararanye nabo.

2. Uwo mugwi uraza guharura, umuntu umwe inyuma y’uwundi, bagenda ku muzingi. Mutangurire kuri rimwe mubandanye gushika kuri 25 canke kurenza (bivana n’ubushobozi bwo gusoma bw’abagize uwo mugwi).

3. Uwo wese aza kuba afise 5 canke 0 mu giharuro cabo ategerezwa guca avuga “UMUBU” aho kuvuga ico giharuro. Nk’akarorero, 1, 2, 3, 4, UMUBU, 6, 7, 8, 9, UMUBU, 11… .

4. Uhimirize abo bagore guharura banyarutsa. Uwukoze ikosa aca ava mu muzingi.

5. Mubandanye gushika umwe yatsinze ari we asigaye.6. Musubiremwo kenshi gushika igihe bose bazoba batwenze.

Noneho ko tumaze kuronka inguvu, hinge dutangure icigwa cacu.




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Imvura Izana Malariya (Isanamu 11.1) – iminota 10


Mfashanyigisho.

Ibihe vy’imvura vyashitse kandi na Barumwete yaciye amanika umusegetera wiwe mu nzu yiwe kugira ngo yikingire malaria. Karorero aje kumutemberera. Maze abonye uwo musegetera amubwira, ati “Barumwete, ni vyiza ko wagize akigoro ukamanika umusegetera wawe, ariko raba uriko ibitoboro. Vyongeye kandi, muri batanu mu muryango wawe. None muzoshobora gute kuryama mu musegetera umwe mwese?”

4. Gutohoza Soma ibibazo biri ku rupapuro rwa 81 rw’Igitabo c’Amasanamu

Mfashanygisho. Ubaze ibibazo bibiri vya mbere kugira ngo musubire mwo iyo nkuru.

o Twizigira ko abari ngaho bazokwishura uku: Umusegetera wa Barumwete urimwo ibitoboro, imibu izoshobora kwinjiramwo. Kandi afise umusegetera umwe gusa ko bantu batanu bose. Yari akeneye kuronka umusegetera kuri buri gitanda kugira ngo akingire umuntu wese mu muryango.

Ubaze ikibazo ca nyuma kugira ngo umenye igitigiri c’imisegetera abagore bari mu mugwi wawe bafise.

o Twizigira ko urugo rwose rufise n’iburiburi umusegetera umwe kuri buri gitanda canke ahantu hose hashashe ibirago vyo kuryamako.



? Mbega umusegetera wa Barumwete ufise iyihe ngorane?? Mbega umuryango wa Barumwete ukeneye imisegetera

ingahe?? None mu rugo rwawe hamanitse imisegetera ingahe?

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Kwandura Malariya (Isanamu 11.2) – iminota 5


rupapuro rwa 84.





Imibu ivyarira mu bidengeri vy’amazi.o Igihe c’imvura (Gitugutu gushika muri Mukakaro) kizana imibu.o Imibu ita ibihumbi vy’amagi mu mazi.o Mu gihe c’imvura ku ndwi havuka ibihumbi vy’imibu.

Gushuha kenshi ni co kimenyetso ca mbere ca malariya.o Imibu ni yo ikwiragiza ingwara ya malariya.o Imibu itera abantu malariya iyo ibariye.o Imibu ni yo yateye uyu mwana malariya.

Iyo mibu itora ingwara ku muntu yamaze kugwara. Maze ikayikwiragiza mu bandi.

o Imibu itwara malariya igendagenda mw’ijoro canke iyo izuba rirenze ku bicu.

o Umubu wavomye amaraso ku mwana agwaye.o Maze haciye indwi imwe, wa mubu utwara malariya mu rundi

rugo.o Umubu ni wo ukwiragiza ingwara mu bandi bantu.

? Ni gute none woshobora kubuza malariya gusinzikaza abo mu muryango wawe?

o Kuryamika abana bawe mu musegetera buri joro birashobora

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kubakiza kugwara malariya.

Iciyumviro Congeweko co Gufasha UwigishaAbana Bapfa Ibice 85% vy’abahitanwa na malariya buri mwaka ni abana batarakwiza

imyaka itanu.17

Ibice 57% vy’ipfu z’abana zanduruka kuri malariya ziba kubera ko bari basanzwe bafungura ibidakwiye. Abana bakiri bato bafise ingorane yo gufungura nabi isanzwe gushika ku bayifise cane baba bageramiwe no kuzohava bahitanwa na malariya. Baronse ingaburo ibereye, mu bana bafatwa na malariya hopfamwo bake. 18

Kugira ngo mutahure vyinshi kuri malariya, ni musubiremwo Agatabo ka 2, Icigwa ca 6.

Ibindi Wokora mu Kwikingira Malariya Kwambara amashati y’amaboko maremare n’amapantalo kugira ngo ufuke

umubiri birashobora kugabanya incuro uribwa n’imibu. Imibu ikunda kugenda yerekeza ku mpuzu zirabura, none rero kwambara impuzu zikeye z’amabara birashobora kugabanya incuro imibu ikurya.

Ingene Malariya Ibangamira Utuyoya n’Abana (Isanamu 11.3) – iminota 5


rupapuro rwa 86.





17 Children and Malaria. Roll Back Malaria. World Health Organization. November 2010. Available: http://www.rbm.who.int/18 Caulfield, Laura E, Mercedes de Onis, Monika Blössner and Robert E Black Under nutrition as an underlying cause of child deaths associated with diarrhea, pneumonia, malaria, and measles. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 80, No. 1, 193-198, July 2004. Available: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/80/1/193

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Malariya itavuwe irashobora kwica akayoya mu musi umwe canke ibiri. Umwana ni yafatwa n’umururumbo, uce umunyarukana kwa muganga. Nturindire.

o Imibiri y’abana nta bushobozi ifise bwo kugwana na malaria.o Malariya igwira vuba cane muri bo.o TAba bavyeyi babanje kurindi imbere yo gutwara umwana kwa

muganga.o Uwo mwana yarapfuye.

Abana bakunda kugwara malariya baca bakama amaraso. Kandi ntibakura neza.

o Uyu mwana yamaze amezi atanu agwara malariya igenda igaruka.o Yarafashwe na malariya kenshi mu gihe c’imvura.o Ntiyapfuye, ariko ntiyakuze neza.o Uko kugwara kwamuteye gutakaza ibiro no gusubira inyuma mu

gikuriro.o Ntiyashoboye kuguma mu nzira y’igikuriro kibereye (ciza).

Abana bakamye amaraso ntiboroherwa mu kwiga ibintu bishasha.o Uyu mwana yagiye aragwara malariya kenshi yisubiriza.o Afise amaraso make.o Kandi mw’ishure biramugora.o Bilete yiwe yerekana ko yaronse amanota mabi(make).

Kwikingira Malariya mu Rugo (Isanamu 11.4) – iminota 5


rupapuro rwa 88.





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Ni ufashe abana bawe kuryama musi y’umusegeyera urimwo umuti buri joro. Ni watabuka, muwubarire.

o Imisegetera ibuza imibu kubarya.o Mwinjize umusegetera mu gitanda kugira ngo imibu ntishobore

kwinjira.o Kandi mubarire ibitoboro kugira ngo imibu ntiyinjire.

Umuntu wese mu rugo akwiye kuryama mu musegetera urimwo umuti buri joro.

o Imisegetera irimwo umuti yica udukoko tuyigwako.o Uko mutera mugira imisegetera myinshi irimwo umuti mu rugo i

wanyu no mu kibano, ni ko mutera mugira imibu mike.o Karorero n’umugabo wiwe baryama mu musegetera urimwo umuti

buri joro bari kumwe na Biguvu.o Nta mibu ishobora kubarya basinziriye.o Kandi bahimiriza ababanyi babo ngo nabo baze barakoresha

imisegetera.? None ni ibihe bindi bintu mwoshobora gukora mu kwikingira malariya?

Iciymviro Congeweko co Gufasha UwigishaIvyegeranyo Twokwishimikiza (Ubumenyi kuri malariya) Ibice 99% vy’abagore bo mu Ruyigi na Cankuzo bavuga ko umubu ari wo itera

malaria. Nayo ku bijanye n’impanuka canke ingaruka malariya yotera, dushikirizwa ko

hariho ibice 16,4% vy’abavyeyi ata na kimwe bazi ku ngorane canke inkurikizi malariya itera.

Ku bijanye n’ingingo zo kwikingira malariya, hariho ibice 77,8% vy’abavyeyi bavuga umusegetera nk’uburyo bwo kwikingira utwo dukoko tugendana umugera wa malariya, ibice 33.8 % vy’abavyeyi bikavuga gukuraho ibidengeri vy’amazi nk’uburyo bwo kwikingira. Ku rundi ruhande naho, twomenya ko hariho ibice 2,2% vy’abavyeyi bahevye ata na kimwe bagerageza gukora co kwikingira.

Mu ngo 1252 zingana n’ibice 78,2% vy’ingo zose zakozweko itohoza, ziryama mu misegetera irimwo umuti, ibice birenga 90% vy’abavyeyi n’abana batarakwiza imyaka 5 bayiryamamwo. Nta budasa bukomeye buboneka hagati y’izo ntara zibiri mu bijanye no gukoresha umusegetera urimwo umuti. Ikindi cibonekeza mu vyavuye muri iryo tohoza ni uko abandi baba muri izo ngo baryama gake mu musegetera.

Kwandura Kwandura Malariya bimara amezi ari hagati y’atatu n’indwi, hagati ya Ruheshi

na Munyonyo (ico kiringo kikaba kirekire mu bumanuko ariko mu buraruko ni kigufi).

Agakoko gatera malariya kitwa plasmodium falciparum ni ko gaharurwako ibice 90% vy’abandura malariya bose.

Ako gakoko kararinda cane ntikumva umuti wa chloroquine na SP (Sulfadoxine/Pyrimethamine).

Akarusho

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Kuryama mu musegetera urimwo umuti birashobora kugabanya igitigiri c’abapfa gushika ku bice 63% no kugabanya abasinzikazwa n’iyo ngwara n’iburiburi gushika ku bice 40%.19

11. Igikorwa: Uremera canke Urahakana – iminota 15

1. Baza abo bagore ko bemera canke Bahakana ibiri mu ryungane rikurikira: Kugurira abana banje umusegetera urimwo umuti birazimbutse gusumba kubavuza bafashwe na malaria.

o Basabe kwiyumvira ku giciro c’umusegetera mushasha.o Mbega uwo musegetera umara igihe kingana gute?o None uwo musegetera woshobora gukingira ukwandura

malariya kungana gute?o None igiciro co kuvuza umwana malariya kingana gute?o Mbega abana ku mwaka bagwara malariya kangahe?o Hamwe uyu mwana nomuvuza malariya rimwe ku mwaka,

vyontwara amafaranga angahe?o (Asangwa bibereye baza uti) Hamwe umwana wanje

yohitanwa na malariya, mbega kumuhambisha vyosaba umuryango wanje amafaranga angana gute?

o None kugura umusegetera birafasha kubika amahera?

b. Ubu naho ni muvuge ku vy’amagara y’umwana. Ni ikihe giciro co kwitwararika umwana afise amagara meza? a. Mbega hari amahera ukenera yo gutwara umwana afise amagara

meza kwa muganga? (Oya)b. Mbega urakenera imiti yo guha umwana afise amagara meza? (Oya)c. Mbega urakenera kugaburira umwana afise amagara meza utundi

dufungurwa two kumufasha guhembuka? (Oya)d. Mbega hari uburyo bwawe utakaza mu kubungabunga umwana

afise amagara meza? (Oya)7. Ni mugereranye “igiciro” c’ingwara n’ “igiciro” c’amagara meza. Ni ikihe

kizimvye, ingwara canke amagara meza?

8. Ushimikishe ingingo ivuga ko kwikingira inwara mu gukoresha umusegetera bifasha kubika amahera menshi yari kuzohava akenerwa mu kwivuza. Kugira amagara meza ni ukwibikira amahera. Ingwara nayo ikaza isongera isibe mu kwongereza ubukene.

19 USAID, “Our Work: Malaria,” accessed online at www.usaid.gov, on Nov. 13, 2004.

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Nk’akarorero: Nzotwara akayoya kanje canke umwana wanje kwa muganga ubwo nyene

nkibona ikimenyetso ca mbere ca malaria. Nzovugana n’umugabo wanje ingene twobika amahera yo kuzogura uwundi

musegetera. Nzoza ndasobeka neza umusegetera w’abana banje musi y’ikirago

baryamako buri joro kugira ngo imibu ntibegere.


Baza abo bagore umwe inyuma y’uwundi ku vyemezo bari barafashe.

Mbega mu cigwa giherutse wari wiyemeje gukora iki? None ico wiyemeje waragishize mu ngiro? Gute – Ni iki wakoze?

Mu gusozera uheze ubaze abo bavyeyi bose umwe inyuma y’uwundi ku ngendo yabaranze mu ndwi zibiri ziheze: Ejo wiyumye hehe? Ni iki wakoze kugira ngo akazu ka sugumwe kawe neza gusumba kuva aho

duherukiye mu nama? Ni iki wakoze mu kwongereza umwitwarariko wo gukura umwanda mukuru

w’umwana? Mbega hafi y’urugo rwawe hamanitse ibikarabiro bingahe?

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Icigwa ca 12: Malariya: Ibimenyetso vyayo, Ingene Ivugwa hamwe n’Umwitwariko wo mu Rugo

Abavyeyi b’abana bazoca abtwara abana kwa muganga ni bagira ico babona mu bimenyetso bikurikira:

o Umururumboo Kujugumira canke kubira ivyuya o Kunanirwa kurya no kunywa o Kudahwao Kumeneka umutweo Kudadarara

Abavyeyi b’abana bazobavuza Amodiaquine-Artesunate mu misi itatu nk’uko bazoba babitegetswe na muganga. Kuko ni bamuha iyo miti ya malariya mu misi mike gusa (ahokumuha imiti yandikiwe yose), malariya ntizoteba kugaruka kandi izogaruka igoye kuvura gusumba.

Abavyeyi b’abana bazoshishikara gukanyisha umwana afise umururumbo kugira ngo ntafatwe nokujugumira: mu kumushira utuzi dukanye ku ruhanga no ku mubiri canke kumufukisha impuzu ikanyishije, kugira ngo umubiri w’uwo mwana ugumane akabeho. Ivyo bakazobikora no mu nzira bariko baraja kwa muganga canke ari ku miti ni babona ubushuhe bugarutse.

Abavyeyi b’abana bazongerako ikindi gihe co kwonsa umwana agwaye malariya muri icogihe azoba agwaye, no mu ndwi zibiri zizokurikira uwo mwana amaze gukira. Abavyeyi b’abana bazoha umwana arenza amezi atandatu agwaye malariya ikindi gihe co kumugaburira udufungurwa n’ikindi gihe co kumwonsa buri musi muri ico gihe azoba agwaye no mu ndwi zibiri zizokurikira amaze gukira.

Abavyeyi b’abana bazokwemera ko malariya ari ingwara ikomeye, iyo itavuwe ishobora gutuma abana batarakwiza imyaka itanu baremba mu kanya gato cane canke bagapfa (kwongerezwa kuzirikana ububi bwayo).20

Abavyeyi b’abana bazokwemera ko bafise ubushobozi bwo kubuza imibu (n’imigera itwara) kugirira nabi abana babo, mu gukoresha umusegetera no mu kwihutira kubavuza malariya.


Ngaburo, mw’Isuku no mu Mwitwarariko ku Kayoya. 3. Akazingi k’urunyuzi canke k’umugozi4. Ururirimbo rwa Malariya

20 Perceived severity is a behavioral determinant in barrier analysis: if women believe that malaria can cause illness and death to infants, they are more likely to take action to prevent and treat it. For more information visit www.barrieranalysis.com.

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Incamake y’Icigwa ca 12: Agakino: Inzu y’Igitangurirwa Guhamagara Amazina no Gushikiriza Umuti w’Ibibazo Gushikiriza inkuru no kubaza ibibazo ku nyifato zibaranga ubu: Mvuyekure

Yafashwe n’Ubushuhe Kwerekana amasanamu no gushikiriza inyigisho nyamukuru iri ku mpapuro za

89-96 z’Igitabo c’Amasanamu Mfashanyigisho ku vy’Ibimenyetso vya Malariya, Kuvuza Malariya na Amodiaquine-Artesunate hamwe no Kwitwararika Abana Bafise Ubushuhe.

Igikorwa: Ururirimbo rwa Malariya Gucaca ngo umenye intambamyi zoba ziriho Gutomora ngo ubereke umuti woshobora gutorerwa izo ntambamyi Kwimenyereza babiri babiri Kwiyemeza Gusuzuma ingene bagendeye mu vyo bari biyemeje no mu nyifato zijanye no

kwandura no kwikingira Malariya.

1. Agakino: Inzu y’Igitangurirwa - iminota 10

1. Saba abo bagore guhagarara canke kwicara mu muzingi.2. Uwurongoye agakino afise umuzingo w’urunyuzi canke w’umugozi mu ntoki.

Ni we aca atangura mu kubwira uwo mugwi ihinduka rimwe (canke iterambere) yashoboye gushikako mu buzima kuva aho atanguriye kwiga ibi vyigwa vy’amagara.

3. Mu kubandanya afashe cane isonga rimwe ry’urwo runyuzi, uwurongoye agakino atera ako gapira uwundi muntu ku rundi ruhande rw’umuzingi.21

4. Uwo mugore asamye ako gapira agaheza nawe agasigura ihinduka rimwe (canke iterambere) yashitseko kuva aho atanguriye kwitaba amanama y’uwo mugwi. Hanyuma akabandanya afata urunyuzi rumuhuza n’uwurongoye agakino, nawe agatera ako gapira uwundi mugore ari ku murongo.

5. Abari ngaho uko bashishikara kubwira abandi ni ko baza gusanga inzu y’igitangurirwa yubatswe. Muze gushishikara gushika abo bagore bose bamaze kuvuga.

6. Hanyuma uce ubaza, ati “Ni kuki washoboye guhinduka? Ni iki cagufashije guhinduka?” Uce ushimikira ku nyigisho nziza abo bagore bazoba bashikirije.

Urunyuzi rumwe rw’ako kazingi ntirukomeye cane, yamara iyo dukoreye hamwe, kandi tugashigikirana, turashobora kwifashisha ubumenyi, ubuhinga, n’ubwenge dufise maze tukubaka umutumba ukomeye cane.

21 This game works best with a ball of string. If women do not have string, the facilitator can reach out and take the hand of another woman and tell her a change she has made. The woman then grabs the hand of a different woman in the group and tells her a change she has made. Continue with each woman grabbing a hand of someone new until the whole group is inter-connected.

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Hinge dutangure icigwa c’uyu musi.


1. Umu Promoteri akwiye kwandika ku mpapuro z’abitavye inama z’Umuvyeyi Tubaramure wese nk’uko vyerekanywe mu gakino k’akarorero ko mu Cigwa ca Kane co mu Gitabo Mfashanyigisho ca mbere (Module 1) .




5. Ni ubasigurire ko urondera uwokwemera avyishakiye akazoza arategura ibikorwa bisigaye bizokorwa mu vyigwa 6 vyimirije. Uwo avyemera avyigombeye azokwitwa Umurongozi b’Ibikorwa. Akazoba ajejwe kuraba ko ibikenewe vyose vyabonetse n’ivyo gutegura vyose kugira ngo ibikorwa vyo mu vyigwa 6 vyimirije bizogende neza. Uwo murongozi w’ibikorwa nawe akazoza arabaza abemera kuzozana ibikoresho bikenewe, ivyo akazoza arabikora muri wa mwanya wo “Guhamagara Amazina no Gushikiriza Umuti w’Ibibazo”. Akazoza kandi arafasha umupromoteri mu mwanya wo gukora igikorwa co kuri uwo musi. Uwundi Murongozi w’Ibikorwa azoheza atorwe uwo ni yamara guheza ivyo vyigwa 6.

6. Usabe uwo murongozi w’ibikorwa mushasha ko yoza arashika iminota cumi imbere y’uko inama itangura.

Mvuyekure Yafashwe n’Ubushuhe (Isanamu 12.1) – iminota 10

3. Inkuru Ni musome inkuru iri ku rupapuro rwa 89 rw’Igitabo c’Amasanamu

Mfashanyigisho.

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Barumwete ari kw’isoko. Mvuyekure ariko ararira. Karashushe cane ku mubiri. Maze avuga ati “Mvuyekure yafashwe n’umururumbo. Ategerezwa kuronswa umuti ubu nyene.” Nuko Barumwete agura ikinini ca parasetamol co guhwamika ubwo bushuhe bwa Mvuyekure. Atora ico kinini aragisya maze akimuha ku kayiko kivanze n’utuzi. Bwa bushuhe buca burahera kandi araronka agahengwe. Haciye imisi mike wa mururumbo wongera kugaruka, mbere aca atangura no kudahwa.

4. Gutohoza Ni musome ibibazo biri ku rupapuro rwa 89 rw’Igitabo c’Amasanamu

Mfashanyigisho. Ubaze ibibazo bibiri vya mbere kugira ngo urabe ko abari ngaho boshobora

kumenya ivyo Barumwete akora vyiza hamwe n’ivyo akora bibi. o Twizigira ko abo bagore bazokwishura uku: Akibona ikimenyetso ca

mbere c’ubushuhe, yaciye yihutira gutwara umwana kumuvuza. Ico ni ikintu ciza yakoze.

o Ariko rero, Barumwete ntiyatwaye umwana kw’ivuriro kugira ngo aronswe impanuro n’imiti. Nta muganga yari ahari wo gusuzuma Mvuyekure kugira ngo arabe koiyo ngwara ari malariya vy’ukuri.

o Yagize umuti utari wo. Paracetamol iragabanya ubushuhe, yamara ntivura malariya.

o Uwomuti nta bushobozi bukwiye wari ufise. Ubushuhe kuri uwo mwana bwabaye nk’ubuheze, yamara ingwara yo yatera ikomera mu mubiri w’umwana (udukoko dushishikara tugwira) none ingwara yiwe yaciye ikomera cane.

Ubaze ikibazo ca nyuma kugira ngo umenye ico abo bagore basanzwe bazi mu miti yo kuvura malariya.

o Umuti wa mbere mu kuvura malariya ni Amodiaquine-Artesunate. Umuntu awufata mu misi itatu bivanye n’amabwirizwa muganga aba yamuhaye.



? Ni ibihe bintu vyiza Barumwete yashoboye gukora muri iyi nkuru?

? Ni ibihe bindi bintu yakoze yamara bitari vyiza cane? Ni kuki uwo mururumbo wongeye kugaruka?

? Mbega umuti mwiza wo kuvura malariya ni uwuhe?

Ibimenyetso vya Malariya (Isanamu 12.2) – iminota 5

5. Kwerekana:

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Ni musabe abavyeyi b’abana gutondagura ivyo babona mu masanamu ari ku rupapuro rwa 92.





Ni wabona ibimenyetso vya malaria, uzoce wihutira kuja kwa muganga uwo musi nyene. Ntubanze kurindira.

Umururumbo ni co kimenyetso kimenyerewe cane ca malaria.o Ni wumvirize ubushuhe ukoresheje inyuma h’ikiganza kigaranzuye.o Ni wumva ku rukoba rw’umwana hashushe gusumba ku rukoba rwo

mu gahanga kawe, uwo mwana azoba afise umururumbo. Kujugumira no kubira ivyuya

o Uwo mwana ariko arajugumira.o Icuya kiriko kiramutembako mu maso.

Kudahwa Umwana yanse gufungura canke kunywa.

o Umuvyeyi arabona ko umwana yanse gufungura.o Indya bazimuhaye ntazakira kandi n’ibere ntaryemera.

Amaboko n’amaguru vy’uwo mwana biradadaraye kandi bikajugumira.o Ukwo kujugumira kwerekana ko umururumbo ari mwinshi.

? Mbega woba uzi abana bishwe na malariya? Mbwira uko vyagenze.? None woshobora gute gukingira umuryango wawe ngo ivyo ntibizowushikire?

o Kwibuka ibimenyetso vya malariya.o Kunyarukana umwana kwa muganga ukimara kubona ikimenyetso ca

mbere ca malariya.o Witwararike kuraba ko umwana wawe aryama mu musegetera

urimwo umuti buri joro.

Icuyumviro Congeweko co Gufasha UwigishaIvyegeranyo Twokwishimikiza (Ivyo basanzwe bazi kuri malariya) Ku vyerekeye ibimenyetso vyerekana malariya no kugeramirwa bituma

hafatwa ingingo yo kumurungika mu bitaro/gusuzumwa na muganga, ibice

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96,7% vy’abavyeyi babajijwe icambere bavuga ni ubushuhe. Hanyuma igikurikira ni ukudahwa kwavuzwe n’abavyeyi ibice 42,9% no kujugumira kwavuzwe n’ibice 37% vy’abavyeyi, 36.3% baravuze ko umwana yanka kwonka canke kurya.

Umururumbo Umururumbo urashobora gutera umusonga canke ingwara yo gucibwamwo.

Kenshi hari aho usanga umwana yagwaye ingwara zibiri zazananye, maze ugasanga ibimenyetso iratera amadidane. Kunyarukira kwa muganga ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kurondera kumenya imvo yateye ingwara.

Muri rusangi, umururumbo wonyene, udaherekejwe no gucibwamwo canke gukorora aba ari malariya.

Ibimenyetso Ibimenyetso vya mbere vya malariya kenshi usanga ari kwumva imbeho no

kumeneka umutwe bishika haciye imisi 10 gushika kuri 15 umubu ukuriye. Umururumbo urashobora kumara amasaha canke imisi. Mu nyuma uwo

muntu agatangura kuza arabira ivyuya maze ubwo bushuhe bukagabanuka. Uwo muntu akamara imisi yumva afise integer nke.

Kuvuza Malariya Amodiaquine-Artesunate (Isanamu 12.3) – iminota 5


masanamu ari ku rupapuro rwa 94.





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Ni mwivure malariya mu gukoresha Amodiaquine-Artesunate. Uwo muti ukiza malariya vuba.

Mwirinde gukoresha parasetamol na kinine. Nta bubasha buhagije ifise bwo gukiza malariya.

Mufate imiti yose ya Amodiaquine-Artesunate mwategetswe n’umuganga. Bitegerezwa kandi kwama bifatwa ku mwanya umwe buri musi mu kiringo c’imisi itatu.

o Umuganga agenda amunywesheje urupimo (dose) rw’umuti rwa mbere ubwo nyene nyina akimufise kwa muganga.

o Urupimo rwa kabiri n’urwa gatatu babimuhera i muhira.o Ibinini babanza kubisya bakabivanga n’umuhwi canke

n’amaberebere.o Bamaze kuvanga bagaca babiha umwana ku kayiko.

Ni mwamuha igice gusa c’umuti bamwandikiye, iyo malariya izoca igaruka budakeye na kabiri. Uyu muvyeyi yahaye umwana wiwe urupimo rumwe gusa.

o Umuganga ni we yamunywesheje urupimo rwa mbere.o Ku musi ugira kabiri, baca babona umwana asa n’uwatoye

mitende.o Maze nyina ntiyashishikara kumuha iyindi miti yari isigaye.o Ku musi ugira gatatu, umwana yaciye atangura kujugumira.o None ubu, uwo mwana araremye.o Naho mwobona umwana yatoye mitende, ntimureke kumuha

ibinini vyose nk’uko mwabitegetswe na mugangao Kandi mwihutire gusubira kwa muganga bishitse mukabona

ubushuhe bwanse guhera inyuma y’umusi umwe mutanguye kumuha umuti.

? Mbega ni kuki hariho abavyeyi baha abana igice gusa c’umuti yandikiwe?? Mbega ni ikigoye kwibuka kubaha ivyo bipimo bitatu vyose? Mbega biragora

gutahura ingero z’umuti baba babwiwe n’umuganga?? Ni gute none twoshobora guhimiriza abavyeyi guha abana ivyo bipimo

bitatu vyose?

Iciyumviro Congeweko co Gufasha UwigishaIvyegeranyo Twokwishimikiza (Ivyo basanzwe bazi ku kuntu malariya ivugwa) Mu Cankuzo co kimwe no mu Ruyigi, ibice birenga ku 90% vy’abagore barazi

neza ko umwana atarakwiza imyaka 5 yafashwe n’umururumbo, ari nkenerwa cane ko mu masaha atarenga 24 boba bamuhaye umuti wa malariya.

Artesunate – Amodiaquine ni wo muti wokuvura malariya uzwi cane kuko wavuzwe n’ibice 41,4% vy’abavyeyi, hagakurikira Quinine yavuzwe n’abashika ku bice 39,2% vy’abavyeyi.

24.6% vy’abavyeyi babajijwe ntibashiboye kuvuga izina ry’umuti wa malariya (22.2 mu Cankuzo na 18.4% mu Ruyigi).

Ivyegeranyo Twokwishimikiza (Kuvura Ubushuhe)

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74,9% vy’abana bagize ubushuhe mu ndwi zibiri ziheze bavujwe umuti wo kugabanya ubushuhe. Ku bana bose bagize ubushuhe, ibice 36,8% barafashe umuti amodiaquine-artesunate, 26,4% bavujwe quinine nayo 3,2% banyoye uwundi muti wo kugwanya malariya. Umuti bakunda kwihutira guhitamwo kenshi ni paracétamol kuko abashika ku 45,7% barayikoresheje mu kugabanya ububabare bw’abana babo.

57,9% vy’abana bo mu Ruyigi bavujwe amodiaquine-artesunate ni bo bafashe umuti uwo musi nyene, mu gihe mu Cankuzo ari 48,7%.

Kuvuza Imiti Ikoranye Artesinate Mu Burundi ACT ni imiti ikoranye ya artesinate + amodiaquine.

Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Gabon (2004-2005) bwarerekanye ko gukoresha imiti ikoranye vyashobora gufasha ibice 86% gukira iyo urugero rw’imiti bafata rwaba rwakurikiranywe n’umuganga. Yamara iyo bayifashe ata wubakurikirana ku musi wa kabiri n’uwa gatatu bayihawe n’umugwaza w’I muhira, urugero rw’abakira rwari ibice 63% gusa.22 Ivyo biza gushira akatuzo ku kamaro kokubasigurira neza ibijanye n’urugero rw’imiti yo gufata no gushishikara n’aho umwana yoba asa nk’uwakize.

Umwana ahabwa umuti hisunzwe ibiro vyiwe. Treatment is based on the weight of the child. Impanuro ni uko uwo muti wongana na 4mg za artesinate ku kilo kimwe na 10 mg za amodiaquine ku kilo mu kiringo c’imisi itatu. Mu bisanzwe ibinini babanza kubisya bakabivanga n’umutobe w’ibitoke canke w’ivyamwa, maze bagaha umwana akanywa.

Malariya Itumva Imiti Kurinda imiti kwa malariya gutera kwunyurwa n’abo batamara imiti yose

bandikiwe yo kubavura malariya. Iyo banyoye igice kimwe c’imiti, imigera ya malariya ntaco iba mu mubiri, ahubwo ica ikomera igasigara ishobora kurinda imiti yamaze gutiturwa isigaye mu mubiri. Yamara n’iyo umuti woseuwunyoye, ariko waramaze guteba, naho nyene iyo migera iba yaramaze kuronka ubushobozi bwo kutumva imiti, maze igashobora gushishikara kubaho.

Iyo hari utugwi duto tw’abantu baza baracira imiti hagati ku mutumba, ivyo bica bituma imiti yo kuvura malariya itaba igikora neza kuri uwomutumba wose. Imiti bazotanga mu misi ikurikira izogira ubushobozi buke, maze ingwara yanke gukira.

Ku bw’iyi mvo rero, Quinine ntikiri umuti uvura neza malaria mu Burundi.

22 Artesunate--amodiaquine combination therapy for falciparum malaria in young Gabonese children. Oyakhirome S, Pötschke M, Schwarz NG, Dörnemann J, Laengin M, Salazar CO, Lell B, Kun JF, Kremsner PG, Grobusch MP Malaria Journal 2007, 6:29.

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Kwitwararika Abana Bafashwe n’Umururumbo (Isanamu 12.4) – iminota 5


masanamu ari ku rupapuro rwa 96.





Iyo umubiri w’umwana uriko urarurumbako ubushuhe, uwo mwana aca atangura kujugumira.

o Ni mumushire ahantu hadashushe kugira ntajugumire. Uwo mwana mumufukishe impuzu ikanye kugira ngo ubushuhe bwo ku

mubiri bugabanuke.o Muce mumufuka mugitangura kubona ikimenyetso ca mbere co

gushuha.o Mumuzingireko impuzu ikanye mu mwanya mumara mu nzira

mumutwaye kwa muganga. Shira impuzu ikanye ku ruhanga rw’umwana kugira ngo ubushuhe buri ku

mubiri bugabanuke.o Ari umwana amaze gukura kumbure mwokenera gusa gushira iswime

(essuie-main) ku mutwe wiwe.? Mbega ni ibihe bindi bintu umuvyeyi yoshobora gukora kugira ngo afashe

umwana gukira?o Kwongereza ikindi gihe co kumwonsa buri musi mu gihe azoba

agwaye no mu ndwi zibiri zizokurikira uwo mwana amaze gukira.o Muhe ibere naho umwana yoba aboneka nk’uwudashonje.o Ku bana bamaze gukura, wongereze ikindi gihe co kubaha

udufungurwa buri musi mu gihe bazoba bakigwaye no mu ndwi zibiri zizokurikira bamaze gukira.

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Iciyumviro Congeweko Co Gufasha UwigishaMalariya Ikomeye cane Iyo malariya ishitse mu bwonko bw’umwana wawe, ica yitwa malariya yo mu

mutwe (malariacerebrale). Itumauwomwana abonekako ibimenyetso bikomeye kandi bimufata bukumbi kwikubita hasi, kudadarara, no kuraba.

Aboba bashika ku bice 7% vy’abana bashobora gukira malariya yo mu mutwe ibasigarana ubumuga bubomako ubuzima bwose. Aho harimwo integer nte, uruhumyi, ingorane mu kuvuga, n’ibifukunyi, kudashobora gukurikirana neza, ingorane zo gutunganya canke gutanguza ibikorwa, ingorane mu kuvuga no mu gusohoraamajambo.23

11. Igikorwa: Ururirimbo rwaMalariya – iminota 15

Akarorero k’Ururirimbo: Umwana wanje yafashwe n’ubushuheMalariya yaciye kuturamutsaUmwana namushizeko ikintu kimukanyisha mu nzira twerekeza kwa muganga

Umwana naciye ndamutanguza imiti uwo musi nyene.

Imisi itatu yayimaze afata AA (Amodiaquine-Artesunate – koresha izina ry’uwo muti ngaho i wanyu).

Buri musi nongerejeko uwundi mwanya umwe wo kumwonsa Kandi buri musi nongerezako uwundi mwanya umwe wo kumugaburira

Amaze gukira namaze indwi zibiri nongerako uwundi mwanya umwe wo kumwonsa no kumugaburira.

None ubu umwana wanje aryamamu musegetera urimwo umuti. Malariya ntiyongeye kugaruka kuturamutsa, umwana wanje ni muzima.

1. Ni wigire hamwe n’abo bagore ururirimbo rwa Malariya gushika bose barumenye ku mutwe.

c. Basigurire uti: Ntidushaka ko twohava twibagira ibintu twize kuri malariya. Umuntu wese womu rugo rwanyu akwiye kwiga uru ruririmbo kugira ngo azoshobore kwimenyera ibimenyetso vya malariya kandi ashobore gufasha umwana gukira.

d. Umuvyeyi wese umuhe akaryo ko kuririmbana n’abandi urwo ruririmbo.

23 Children and Malaria. Roll Back Malaria. World Health Organization. November 2010. Available: http://www.rbm.who.int/

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Nk’akarorero: Nzokoresha umuti Amodiaquine-Artesunate mu misi itatu ikurikirana. Sinzocira hagati umuti wa malariya naho umwana yoba asa nk’uwakize. Nzofuka umwana wanje mu kintu gikanyishije kugira ngo ntafatwe

n’urujugumizi. Sinzokoresha Quinine canke Paracetamol nk’umuti wo kuvura umururumbo.


Baza abo bavyeyi umwe inyuma y’uwundi ku vyemezo bari bafashe.

? Mbega mu cigwa caheruka wari wiyemeje gukora iki? None ico wiyemeje waragishize mu ngiro? Gute – Ni iki wakoze?

Mu gusozera, ni ubaze abo bavyeyi bose umwe inyuma y’uwundi ku nyifato zabaranze mu ndwi zibiri ziheze: Mbega uriko urkingira gute malariya mu rugo rwawe? Ni bangahe mu rugo rwawe baryamye mu musegetera urimwo umuti mw’ijoro

riheze? Mbega warayaze n’umufasha wawe ku kibazo co kwongereza imisegetera iri

mu rugo rwanyu?

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Ivyigwa vya 1-12 Akabazo ko Gutangurirako no Gusozererako

Ibibazo bibiri bijanye na buri cigwa bishikirijwe ngaho musi. Imbere n’inyuma yo kwigisha ibi vyigwa ku bakozi no ku bigisha, tanga akabazo ko guherezako kugira ngo urabe urugero batahuyeko. Ku baronse ibice 75% canke batabikwije (boba bafise n’iburiburi inyishu icenda z’ukuri), ongera ubahe izindi nyigisho kugira ngo ubafashe gutahura ivyigishijwe. Abigisha nabo ntibogerageza kwigisha abandi mu gihe nabo nyene boba batarashobora kuronka 75% canke kubirenza.

1. Vuga ibintu bibiri umuvyeyi yokora kugira ngo yongere kugira amagara meza inyuma yo kwibaruka.

o _________________________________________o _________________________________________

2. Vuga ibimenyetso bibiri vyerekana ko umuvyeyi aherutse kwibaruka ageramiwe.

a. ________________________________________b. _________________________________________

3. Mbega umuvyeyi akwiye guha akayoya kiwe iki mu mezi atandatu ya mbere y’ubuzima bwako?

a. Amaberebere yonyeneb. Amaberebere, utuyoga n’amazic. Amaberebere, agatobe k’ivyamwa n’amazid. Amaberebere, utuyoga, agatobe k’ivyamwa n’ubuyi

4. Mbega umuvyeyi akwiye kwonsa uruyoya rwiwe incuro zingahe?

_______________________________________________________

5. Mu gihe ariko aronsa, ni ikihe kimenyetso gikwiye kubwira umuvyeyi ko hageze ko amuha irindi bere?

_______________________________________________________

6. Mbega kunywa inzoga bigira iyihe ngaruka ku mwana no kuri nyina? Vuga ibintu bibiri?

a. ________________________________________

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b. ________________________________________

7. Ngaho musi ni uhandike amajambo ari mu ruririmbo rw’ibimenyetso vyo kugeramirwa.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Iyo abana bagwaye, umuvyeyi yomara imisi ingahe abongereza incuro yahora abonsako? ________________________________

9. Umuvyeyi yonsa afise ikivyimba kw’ibere. Ni ikihe kimenyetso kimwereka ko akwiye kunyarukira kwa muganga kwivuza? ________________

10. Vuga ibimenyetso bibiri umuvyeyi yorondera kubona kugira ngo ashobore kwemeza ko umwana wiwe yamwonkeje amureze neza.

a. ________________________________________b. _________________________________________

11. Mbega umuvyeyi yotwara umwana wiwe atarakwiza amezi 24 kumupimisha igikuriro kangahe? ______________________

12. Mbega bigenda gute ku murongo wo kw’ikarata y’igikuriro iyo umwana atariko arakura neza? ______________________

13. Vuga ibintu bibiri umugabo yoshobora gukora kugira ngo afashe umugore wiwe yonsa gufungura neza.a) _________________________________________________________b) _________________________________________________________

14. Vuga ibintu bibiri umugabo yoshobora gukora kugira ngo afashe umwana wiwe gukura neza.

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a) _________________________________________________________b) _________________________________________________________

15. Mbega umuvyeyi akwiye kurindira amezi angahe inyuma yo kwibaruka kugira ngo yongere gusama? ___________________

16. Umugore ariko arakoresha ubuhinga bw’imisi ibiri, kandi yifuza kwirinda kwongera gusama. Mbega ni iyihe misi yoshobora kugirako imibonano mpuzabitsina ata bwoba afise ko yohava atwara inda? _________________________________________________________

a) _________________________________________________________b)

17. Ni irihe muri aya masoko y’amazi akurikira ari ryiza kuvomako?a. Uruzi rutembab. Iriba ridafundikiyec. Ikiyagad. Amazi aca mu muringoti (amazi ya rusengo)

18. Dondora ingene basukura amazi bakoresheje klore (chlore).

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

19. Asangwa umugore adafise akazu ka sugumwe, mbega umwanda mukuru w’umwana wiwe akwiye kuwuta hehe? ______________________

20. Ni kuki kugira igifundikizo gikwiranye n’umwenge w’ikinogo c’akazu ka sugumwe, ari ikintu gihambaye?a) _________________________________________________________

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21. Ego canke Oya. Abana bakunda kugwara malariya kandi bakamye amaraso barashobora guta ibiro kandi bakagira ingorane mu kwiga. ____________________

22. Mbega mwokwirinda malariya gute mu ngo zanyu? __________________

23. Mbega umuti wa malariya ACT ufatwa imisi ingahe? _______________

24. Ngaha musi ni uhandike amajambo ari mu ruririmbo rwa Malariya _________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Resources used in the development of this module include the following: 100 ways to energize groups: games to use in workshops, meetings and the

community. Available at www.aidsalliance.org. International HIV/AIDS Alliance, 2002.

Davis, Robb and Vicki Denman and Ellen Vor der Bruegge. Improving Breastfeeding – Everyone Can Help. Davis: Freedom from Hunger, 2003.

Deller, Barbara and Katrin Decamp. “Postpartum Care” Maximizing Access and Quality. Global Health Technical Brief 52 (August 2008). Available: http://www.maqweb.org/techbriefs/postp.shtml

Hamosh M. Breastfeeding and the working mother; effect of time and temperature of short-term storage on proteolysis, lipolysis, and bacterial growth in milk. Pediatrics. 1996 April; 97 (4): 492-8.]

Klein, Susan, Suellen Miller and Thomson, Fiona. A Book for Midwives: Care for pregnancy, birth and women’s health. Berkeley: Hesperian Foundation, 2009. Available: http://www.hesperian.org/

Koletzko, B. Lehner, F. Beer and Breastfeeding. 2000. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 478:23-8.

La Leche League International. The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding. Schaumburg: La Leche League, 2004.

Rohr-Roendaal, Petra. Where There is No Artist. Development drawings and how to use them. London, UK: Intermediate Technology Publications, 1997.

Salvage King, Felicity, and Ann Burgess. Nutrition for Developing Countries. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.

Mikikir: Card for Hygiene and Sanitation (Ethiopia). HIP and USAID Water Improvement Project. Available: http://www.hip.watsan.net/page/2489

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http://www.hip.watsan.net/page/2489

http://www.hesperian.org/

http://www.maqweb.org/techbriefs/postp.shtml%20

http://www.aidsalliance.org/

essential nutrition, hygiene, and care practices...

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