essential natural science 1

7/30/2019 Essential Natural Science 1

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165

DESCRIBING

A bacteria does not have an organised nucleus.

Does a bacteria have an organised nucleus? No, it doesnt.

Water is a powerful solvent.

Water absorbs heat.What are two properties of water? Cohesion and adhesion.

Petroleum is a rock.Mica can be scratched with a fingernail.

Is petroleum a mineral? No, its a rock.How hard is talc? It has a hardness of 1 on the Mohs scale.

A pure substance has only one component.

Is sea water a homogeneous mixture? Yes, it is.

Calcium is a greyish white metal.

What is potassium like ? It is a soft, shiny metal.

EXPRESSING FACTS

Living things feed and reproduce.Inorganic substances do not contain carbon.

What do living things do? They reproduce.

Do inorganic substances contain carbon? No, they dont .

The Monera kingdom contains unicellular organisms.Most bacteria do not produce their own food.

DESCRIBING A PROCESS

When minerals dissolve in water, raw sap is produced.When pollen penetrates the stigma, ovules are fertilised.

When are ovules fertilised? When pollen penetrates the stigma.

Igneous rocks are formed as a result of the solidification of magma.

How are igneons rocks formed ? By the effects of heart and pressure.

When paper is burned, it changes into ashes.When you mix sand and water, you get a heterogeneous mixture.

When does sublimation occur? When a solid changes directly into a gas.

EXPRESSING AMOUNTS

The Earths atmosphere is about 800 km high.

How high is the atmosphere? About 800 km high.


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EXPRESSING AMOUNTS

68.7% of fresh water is found in lakes.

How much salt is there in sea water? About 35 grams .What percentage of fresh water is there on the Earth? Only 3% .

EXPRESSING CAUSE AND RESULT

Water exists in three states due to temperature variations.The Earth looks blue because of the water on its surface.

Why does the Earth look blue? Because of the water.

They undergo metamorphosis. As a result, they develop lungs.

How do amphibians develop lungs? As a result of metamorphosis

EXPRESSING CONTRAST

Some arthropods are carnivores, but others are herbivores.Most gastropods have a shell, but slugs dont.

Do all cephalopods have a shell? Are all arthropods carnivores?

Most fish are covered with scales. However, a sharks skin has denticles.

Do all fish have scales? Most do. However, sharks have denticles.

EXPRESSING DIRECTION

Water filters into the ground.Waves transport sand along the coast and out to sea.

Where does water flow? To the sea, and into the ground .

GIVING INSTRUCTIONS

Study the constellations.Research more about them on the Internet.

EXPRESSING PURPOSE

Water is necessary to transport all other substances.Living things need glucose to get energy.

Why is water necessary? To transport substances.Why do living things need glucose? To get energy.

Reptiles have hard scales to keep them warm.

Why do reptiles have hard scales?

Ceramic materials are used for tiles and bricks.

How are rocks used ? Which rock is used for roofs?


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MAKING GENERALISATIONS

Most sponges live in the sea.Some molluscs have no shell.

Where do most sponges live?

All plants have roots.Most gymnosperms are evergreens.

Do all plants have roots? Are all gymnosperms evergreens?

Most rocks contain a mixture of minerals.Solutions can be solid, liquid or gaseous.

How many states of matter are there? Three.

INDICATING LOCATION

Magnesium is found in minerals.

Where is magnesium found? In minerals.

GIVING INSTRUCTIONS

Label each jar. Observe the samples.

MAKING IMPERSONAL STATEMENTS

Systems are made up of several organs.

What are systems made up of?

Some bodies are divided into segments.

What are their bodies like? A series of segments.

Some rocks can be broken into irregular shapes.Sedimentary rocks are found in strata.

How are rocks classified ? Into three main classes.

The volume of a liquid can be calculated by measuring the container.A thermometer is used to measure temperature.

How is surface area measured ? In square metres (m 2).

MEASURING

The court measures 18 by 15 metres.Density is measured in kilograms per cubic metre (Kg/m 3).

How cold is that? Minus 273.15C.How is density measured? In kilograms per cubic metre.


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Essential Natural Science 1 is a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Secondary Educationdepartment at Santillana, under the supervision of ENRIQUEJUANREDAL, ANTONIOBRANDIand MICHELEC. GUERRINI

Content writers: Concha Barreiro, Marcos Blanco, Antonio Delgado, Beln Garrido, Pilar de Luis,Miguel ngel Madrid, Ignacio Melndez, Margarita Montes and Cristina ZarzueloContent consultants: Kevin Salvage and Carmen Rengel

Language specialists: Mara Jos Snchez (Key language), Mara Rosa Batlle, Giselle Dubois, Paul House,Kate Marriage, Beatriz Papaseit and Ana Mara PonsEnglish editors: Sheila Tourle, Sheila Klaiber, Kirsten Ruiz-McOmish, Rebecca Adlard and Patricia GmezStudent CD:

Vocabulary organiser: Antonio DelgadoWeb tasks: Jeannette West

Art director: Jos CrespoDesign coordinator: Rosa MarnDesign Team:

Cover: Martn Len-BarretoInterior: Manuel Garca, Alfredo Mateo

Coordinator, design development: Javier TejedaDesign development: Jos Luis Garca and Ral de Andrs

Technical director: ngel Garca EncinarTechnical coordinator: Marisa ValbuenaLayout: Alfredo Mateos, Javier PulidoArtwork coordinator: Carlos AguileraIllustrations: alademoscail-lustraci, Digitalartis, Marcelo Prez, Pere Luis LenResearch and photographic selection: Amparo Rodrguez

essential natural science 1

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