ESS Pre-Operations

Dave McGinnisAccelerator Division/RF Group

Pre-Operations (my definition)

• Starts when we try to accelerate one proton down the beam tube

• Until we achieve 5 million Watts (5 MegaWatts)– 900 trillion protons per pulse – 14 times a second– Beam voltage of 2.5 billion

volts

What is 5 MegaWatts?

• At 5 MegaWatts, – one beam pulse

• has the same energy as a 16 lb (7.2kg) shot traveling at – 1100 km/hour– Mach 0.93

• Has the same energy as a 1000kg car traveling at 96 km/hour

• Happens 14 x per second

– You boil 1000 kg of ice in 83 seconds• A ton of tea!!!

Pre-Pre-Operations

• Will start during construction.• As soon as a small section of the

accelerator is ready (Ion Source->RFQ->Drift Tube)– We will run beam to check out major

systems (controls, RF, instrumentation, operations staff…)

• Beam is the Ultimate System Integrator!• Commissioning will happen from 8pm –

8am– Construction and repair will happened

during the day

Accelerator Readiness

• Because of the immense damage the beam can cause we will have to prepare procedures to makes sure all systems are ready – A BIG DEAL

• For example, formal sign-offs of all the systems:– Safety (shielding, interlocks, electrical,…)– Electrical– Vacuum– Instrumentation– RF– Cryogenics

Pre-Operations

• Once the machine is cold, and the accelerator is ready, we will begin round-the-clock operations– It is too expensive to not run round-the-clock – We have to maintain configuration control

• We will need to make a detailed commissioning plan– Detailed shift plan for 3 shifts per day for 3

months. • People, tasks, tools

– Plan will be invalid after the first shift• “Plans are worthless, but planning is everything.”

Dwight Eisenhower

Staff• We will need two types of crews

– Operations crew (permanent) • 3 operators/crew• 5 crews

– Scientist/ Engineer crew (temporary)• 2 staff members/crew• 6-7 crews

• We will need coordination– Machine coordinator (scientist)– Machine scheduler (operations)

• Meetings– Shift change meetings– Daily operations meetings

Super Rough Schedule

• ~1 month to thread the beam• 1-6 months for 100kW beam• 6-24 months for > 2 MW beam• What are we doing between 2020-2025???

“If it works the first time, then its over-designed”Archimedes to his junior engineer, Wally, ~220 B.C

Upgrades• A “gold-plated” accelerator is un-

affordable.• We have to plan to upgrade (fix)

systems that did not perform as expected– Every large accelerator system built

has taught us this• LHC• Tevatron• SNS• …

• Funding will be needed during the pre-operations phase for upgrades.