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Capítulo 2—Las chicas y los chicos

Los sustantivos singulares ( _________________________________ )

1. El género ( _____________________ )In Spanish a noun is either _____________________ or _____________________ . There are general rules to discover the gender of nouns. Some nouns don’t follow the rules, and you just have to memorize their gender.

Masculine Nouns Feminine NounsOftenrefer to…

Males ______________ ( ___________ ) ______________ ( ___________ ) ______________ ( ___________ )

Females _______________ ( __________ ) _______________ ( __________ ) _______________ ( __________ )

End in… ________ ( _________________ ) ________ ( _________________ ) ________ ( _________________ )

________ ( _________________ ) ________ ( _________________ ) ________ ( _________________ ) ________ ( _________________ ) ________ ( _________________ )

Are introduced by…

A masculine article ________ ( _________________ ) ________ ( _________________ )

A feminine article ________ ( _________________ ) ________ ( _________________ )

*Exceptions: _______ día (day) _______ mano (hand) _______ mapa (map)

2. Artículos definidos ( _________________________________________ ) = TheMasculine nouns: _____________ ( __________chico = __________ boy )Feminine nouns: _____________ ( __________chica = __________ girl )

3. Artículos indefinidos ( _____________________________________ ) = A, anMasculine nouns: _____________ ( __________ chico = __________ boy )

¿Qué me cuentasCapítulo 2 Apuntes

Feminine nouns: _____________ ( __________ chica = __________ girl )

4. Los sustantivos «irregulares» ( _____________________________________ ) el alemán* los apuntes el autobús el avión el boli (bolígrafo) el café el calor el cumpleaños el elefante el español* el examen el inglés* el lápiz el mall el marcador el mes el papel el parque el ratón el restaurante el sándwich

*All languages are masculine.

el agua (f., but needs “el” for pronunciation in the singular) el álgebra (f., but needs “el” for pronunciation in the singular)

la clase la hambre la mano la moto (motocicleta) la noche la razón la sed la suerte la tarde

Los sustantivos plurales ( _______________________________________ )

1. El número ( _____________________ )In Spanish a noun is either _____________________ or _____________________ .

¿Qué me cuentas? Capítulo 2 Apuntes

Words that drop the accent in the plural: Nouns that end in –ión

o invitacióninvitaciones ratónratones autobúsautobuses razónrazones

Word that add an accent in the plural:

o jovenjóveneso examenexámenes

2. Las reglas ( _____________________ ) If a noun ends in a vowel, add –________.

chico chico___ casa casa___ padre padre___

If a noun ends in a consonant, add –______.

profesor profesor____ animal animal___

If a noun ends in –z, change the –z to –____, then add –______.

lápiz lápi______ luz lu_____

3. Artículos definidos plurales ( ________________________________ ) = TheMasculine nouns: _____________ ( __________chicos = __________ boys )Feminine nouns: _____________ ( __________chicas = __________ girls )

4. Artículos indefinidos plurales ( ____________________________ ) = SomeMasculine nouns: _____________ ( __________ chicos = __________ boys )

Sustantivo(noun)

Artículos definidos(the)

Artículos indefinidos

(a/an, some)chico (m.,

sing.)chica (f.,

sing.)chicos (m.,

pl.)chicas (f., pl.)

Feminine nouns: _____________ ( __________ chicas = __________ girls )

Los números 0-199

cero 0uno 1

dos 2tres 3


cuatro

4cinco

5seis

6siete

7ocho

8nueve

9diez 10

once 11doce 12trece 13catorce 14quince 15dieciséis 16diecisiete 17dieciocho 18diecinueve 19veinte 20veintiuno 21veintidós 22

treinta 30treinta y tres 33cuarenta 40cincuenta 50sesenta 60setenta 70ochenta 80noventa 90cien 100ciento uno 101ciento veintitrés 123

1. The numbers 0-29 are written as one word. Note: dieciséis, veintidós, veintitrés and and veintiséis need accent marks.

2. The numbers from 30-99 are written as three words. 32 = _________________________ _____ _________________________79 = _________________________ _____ _________________________

95 = _________________________ _____ _________________________3. When a number that ends with uno is before a noun, the word uno

changes to un or una.Note: veintiún requires an accent mark.41 boys = _________________________ _____ _________________________

chicos61 girls = _________________________ _____ _________________________

chicas4. Cien is 100 when there is exactly one hundred of something.

100 cats = _________________________ gatos5. Ciento is used when another number follows 100.


102 = _________________________ _________________________116 = _________________________ _________________________ 199 = _______________________ ___________________ _____

____________________Verbos ( _____________________ )

1. Infinitivo ( ___________________ ) = ______________________________________ English infinitives all include the word _________ Spanish infinitives will all end in _________, _________, or ___________.

_______________ = to speak _______________ = to eat _______________ = to live

*On your vocabulary list, you will see the infinitive form of any verb in the far right column.

2. Radical ( __________________ ) = _________________________________________

hablar ____________ comer _____________ vivir _____________

3. Sujeto ( ___________________ ) = _________________________________________ yo = _________ (self) él = __________ (one male person): _____________________ ,

___________________ ella = ________ (one female person): ___________________ ,

____________________ ellos = ________ (2+ male/mixed people): ________________ ;

___________________ ellas = ________ (2+ female people): ________________ ;

________________________ *You have a reference sheet for all of the Spanish subjects behind your dictionary in your binder.


*Note that it isn’t necessary to include the subject pronoun in Spanish when thesubject of the verb is clear. Joe es un estudiante. Toma español. = Joe is a student. ___________ takes Spanish.Ani es una estudiante. Toma español. = Ani is a student. ___________ takes Spanish.

*There is no subject pronoun for “it”. When “it” is the subject, the verb always stands alone.

Es un lápiz. = _____________ a pencil. Va rápido. = _______________ rapidly.

4. Terminación ( _______________ ) = _______________________________________

Sujeto -AR -ER -IRyoélellaellosellas

5. Conjugación (_____________________ ) = ____________________________ Remove the infinitive ending ( tomar ; beber ; escribir ; cerrar ). Check the stem: tom- ; beb- ; escrib- ; cerr- __________ Add the ending that matches the subject.

Sujeto TOMAR BEBER ESCRIBIR (to write)

yoélella


ellosellas

6. Traducción ( __________________________ ) de verbos en el presente Tomo = _____________ , ________________ ,

________________________7. Verbos irregulares ( ________________ ) =

____________________________ Some verbs do not follow the strict rules of conjugation as outlined

above. The conjugation of irregular verbs must simply be memorized.

________ = to go I go = ________ , he goes = ________ , they go = __________

Some irregular verbs are irregular in only one form. ________ = to give I give = ________ , he gives = ______ , they give

= ________

8. Negación ( ________________________ ) = ____________________________ To say that someone is not doing something in Spanish, you put the word

__________ right in ___________________________ of the verb.

El chico _____________ se llama José. = The boy’s name is _______________ José.

___________ hay un elefante en la clase. = There is ________ an

elephant in class.


In some situations, the helping verb _______________ / _______________ is added when a negative verb is translated into English. In Spanish, the helping verb is _________________________ in the conjugated form. Paco tira el avión de papel. = Paco ____________________ the paper

airplane.Paco no tira el avión de papel. = Paco ______________________the paper

airplane.

Verbos regularesVerbos –AR Verbos –ER Verbos -IR

acercarse to approach beber to drink abrir to open

alejarse to move away comer to eat despedirse(despid-)

to say good-byeagarrar to grab correr to run

bailar to dance leer to read vivir to livebajar to lower querer

(quier-) to wantpreferir(prefier-)

to prefercaminar to walk


cantar to sing reírse

(rí-) to laughcerrar(cierr-) to close

cortar to cutdibujar to drawescaparse to escape

gritar to yellhablar to speak, talk

indicar to indicate, point

levantar to raisellamarse to be namedllevar to carry, takellorar to crynadar to swimnecesitar to needpararse to stand uppegar to hitsaltar to jumpsaludar to greetsentarse(sient-) to sit down

tirar to throwtocar to touch, playtomar to takeviajar to travelvoltearse to turn

around

Verbos irregulares

Dar = ___________________________ Poner = __________________________

yo yo

élella

ellos ellas

élella

ellos ellas


____________________________ = there is, there are

Gustar

__________________________________ = I like

__________________________________ = he/she likes

__________________________________ = they like

Verbos con seWhen you see se on the end of an infinitive, you will include either me or se when you conjugate the verb.

llamarse

I am named ________ _____________________he/she is named ________ _____________________

Estar = ___________________________ Decir = ___________________________

yo yo

élella

ellos ellas

élella

ellos ellas

Ir = ___________________________ Tener = __________________________

yo yo

élella

ellos ellas

élella

ellos ellas

Ver = ____________________________ Saber = ___________________________

yo yo

élella

ellos ellas

élella

ellos ellas

Preguntas de la semana


5. ¿Dónde vives? 6. ¿Tienes hermanos?

7. ¿Cuántas mascotas tienes? 8. ¿Qué te gusta hacer?


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