Español 3

In Spanish, each verb tense has specific endings that agree with the subject in person (1st, 2nd, 3rd person) and in number (singular or plural).

Since the verb usually makes clear who the subject is, Spanish subject pronouns are often omitted even when they refer to a person.

Subject pronouns are generally used for emphasis, for clarification, and in the case of Ud. And Uds., for politeness.

¿Cuáles son los verbos más útiles que acaban en –ar y son regulares?

What are the most common/useful verbs that end in –ar and are regular that we can think of ?

¿Cuáles son los verbos más útiles que acaban en –er y son regulares?

¿Qué es la única diferencia entre estos verbos y los que acaban en –er?

¿Cuáles son los verbos más útiles que acaban en –ir y son regulares?

Many verbs that are irregular in the present tense are irregular specifically in the first person singular, or the “yo” form.

Caber (to fit): quepo, cabes, cabe, cabemos, caben

Caer (to fall): caigo, caes, cae, caemos, caen

Dar (to give): doy, das, da, damos, dan

CONOCER: FAMILIARITY (PEOPLE AND PLACES)

SABER: KNOWLEDGE (OF A FACT OR HOW TO DO SOMETHING)

Do you know my friend Maria? ¿Conoces a mi amiga Maria? I know how to dance the salsa! ¡Yo sé bailar la salsa! He knows the math homework. Él sabe la tarea de matemáticas. We’re familiar with the city. Conocemos la ciudad.

Aborrecer (to hate) Agradecer (to

appreciate/thank) Aparecer (to appear) Carecer (to lack) Crecer (to grow) Desaparecer (to

disappear) Desconocer (to be

unaware of) Establecer (to establish) Estremecerse (to

shudder)

Merecer (to deserve) Nacer (to be born) Obedecer (to obey) Ofrecer (to offer) Parecer (to seem) Permanecer (to remain) Pertenecer (to belong) Reconocer (to

recognize)

Verbs like hacer: Deshacer (to undo) Satisfacer (to satisfy)

Verbs like poner: Componer (to

compose) Disponer (to dispose) Exponer (to expose) Imponer (to impose) Oponer(se) (to

oppose) Proponer (to

propose)

Verbs like traducir: Conducir (to

conduct/to drive/to lead)

Producir (to produce) Reducir (to reduce)

Verbs like traer: Atraer (to attract)

Decir (to say): digo, dices, dice, decimos, dicen

Estar (to be): estoy, estás, está, estamos, están

Haber (to have): he, has, ha, hemos, han Ir (to go): voy, vas, va, vamos, van Oír (to hear): oigo, oyes, oye, oímos, oyen Ser (to be): soy, eres, es, somos, son Tener (to have): tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos,

tienen Venir (to come): vengo, vienes, viene,

venimos, vienen

Use the present tense even when something is not presently in progress, if it’s happened before and will happen again.

El cartero trae la correspondencia por la tarde.

The mailmail brings the mail in the afternoon. Antonio siempre llega a eso de las dos. Antonio always arrives at about two o’clock.

En este momento yo armo una tienda y Juan duerme en un saco para dormir.*

At this moment I am putting up a tent and John is sleeping in a sleeping bag.

*It’s also appropriate to use the present progressive (estoy armando/está durmiendo…) for a sentence like this, but the present tense itself is MUCH more commonly used by Spanish speakers.

We do this commonly in English, too! Salgo para Boston el viernes porque

Teresa y Jorge se casan el sábado. I am leaving for Boston on Friday

because Theresa and Jorge are getting married on Saturday.

There are two special constructions that refer to actions or conditions that began in the past and which are still going on in the present.

Hace + expression of time + que + present tense verb

OR Present tense verb + hace + expression

of time

Hace cinco años que vivo en los Estados Unidos.

Vivo en los Estados Unidos hace cinco años. I have been living in the United States for

five years. Hace dos horas que los actores ensayan. Los actores ensayan hace dos horas. The actors have been rehearsing for two

hours.

To ask how long someone has been doing something:

¿Cuánto [tiempo] hace que + present tense? OR ¿Hace cuánto [tiempo] que + present tense? ¿Cuánto [tiempo] hace que vives en los

Estados Unidos? ¿Hace cuánto [tiempo] que ensayan los

actores?

Another way to use the present tense to refer to actions or conditions that began in the past and are still going on in the present is by using this construction:

Present tense + desde hace + expression of time

Or Desde hace + expression of time +

present tense

Vivo en los Estados Unidos desde hace cinco años.

Desde hace cinco años vivo en los Estados Unidos.

I’ve been living in the United States for five years.

Los actores ensayan desde hace dos horas. Desde hace dos horas los actores ensayan. The actors have been rehearsing for two

hours.

¿Desde cuándo + present tense? ¿Desde cuándo (vives en los Estados

Unidos/ensayan los actores)? Since when…?

Regular present tense conjugation

Irregular present tense conjugation

Saber v. Conocer New vocabulary:

all the meanings of verbs that appear in this PPT.