eSiePath – An Application for Analysis of Whole-Slide Images Viraj Ghorpade, Urmila Airsang and Srividya T.R.

Siemens Technology & Services Private Limited, Bangalore, India

The not-so easy path to eSiePath

In the beginning…

Manual Microscopy

Tedious

Error-Prone

Size of the sample

20mmX15mm to 50mmX25mm

Typical optical resolutions at which

the image is digitized

20x - 0.5 micrometers/pixel (mpp)

40x - 0.25 micrometers/pixel (mpp)

100x - 0.1 micrometers/pixel (mpp)

Average image size: Sample of

20x15mm2 at 40x:(20mm / 0.25

μm/pix) * (15mm / 0.25 μm/pix) =

Image size 80,000 x 60,000 pixels =

4.8 Gpix.

Quantized at 24 bpp (RGB) = 4.8 Gpix

* 3 bpp=> 15 GB !!

WSI size can vary from several GBs

to TBs with current technology!!

A while later still…

Whole Slide Imaging

(WSI) [2]

Multi-resolution capture

Mostly have minimal multi-resolution

analysis capability

Proprietary non-interchangeable storage

Vendor dependent data access mechanisms

A little while later…

Digital Microscopy [1]

Digital images

No multi-resolution capture

Non-standard storage

Mostly manual analysis

Enter..

DICOM 145 Supplement

Whole Slide Imaging Introduced to specify standards for efficient

storage, retrieval and processing of WSIs [3]

So, how can we load and analyze such WSIs?

By leveraging the pyramidal and tiled

organization of these images

Tiled organization Logical organization of tiled images

proposed in DICOM – 145 supplement

Now…

eSiePath

eSieLoading

Only loads tiles in ROI for visualization / analysis:

Irrespective of the size, of the WSI image loading is

lightning-fast.

eSiePanning

Intelligent caching:

Facilitates minimal fetches

eSieZooming

TileIDs based correspondence

matching across resolutions:

Facilitates minimal tile searching

eSieAnalysis

Analysis algorithms operate at

the highest resolution:

Sliding analysis enables the analysis

of structures across tile boundaries

Acute

Myeloid

Leukemia

Analysis [4] Reticulocyte

Marking & Counting [5]

eSieAnalysis Algorithms

Next…

eSiePath-Remote

[1] Digital Microscope, http://www.china-microscope.com

[2] Whole Slide Imaging, www.aperio.com

[3] Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM)

Supplement 145: Whole Slide Microscopic Image IOD and SOP Classes

[4] Viraj Ghorpade, Urmila Airsang and Srividya TR . Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Detection in Bone

Marrow Aspiration Images. MedImage Conference, 2012.

[5] Urmila Airsang, Viraj Ghorpade and Srividya TR. Counting and Marking Reticulocytes in Blood

Smear Images using Image Processing Operations. MedImage Conference, 2012.

REFERENCES

The Cloud is the Limit.

Or is it?