errors in apocryphal works

8/18/2019 Errors in Apocryphal Works

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Errors in apocryphal works:

Contents: Hebrew Scripture Apocrypha Hebrew Scripture Pseudegraphica DeadSea Scrolls

Christian Greek Apocrypha Gnostic Apocrypha

Concerning a young woman’s Christian education: “et her a!oid all apocryphal writings " lether understand that they are not really written by those to whom they are ascribed# that many$aulty elements ha!e been introduced into them# and that it re%uires in$inite discretion to look $orgold in the midst o$ dirt& 'Jerome Letters2 ()*# (+,-

“And so there are also twenty.two books o$ the /ld 0estament 1a traditional 2ewish counting o$the 34 books5 " we may be assured that what is not $ound in our list 1o$ canonical books5 mustbe placed amongst the Apocryphal writings& '“Pre$ace to the 6ooks o$ Samuel and 7ings& byJerome8 Post-Nicene Second Series !ol- 9# p- 4),- Also see 2osephus’ remarks that theapocryphal historical books written a$ter ;alachi were not canonical-

Hebrew Scriptures

Apocryphal Works 'all %uotes and order o$ appearance $rom RS# unless otherwise noted,:

1(3)Esdras: 2erome considered ('3, and +',


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Also# Berubbabel son o$ Shealtiel returned to 2erusalem in 3* 6C< as a leader with the $irstgroup o$ returnees 'ra (:(8 +:(# +8 =eh (+:(,# and would# thus# not ha!e been a young manser!ing as 7ing Darius’ bodyguard in +) 6C


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li!er o$ the $ish upon them and made a smoke- And when the demon smelled the odor he $led tothe remotest parts o$ >ar reigning in =ine!eh# animpossibility since his $ather =abopolassar destroyed =ine!eh years be$ore '93+ 6C>ar 19(+ 6C


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“Haman# the son o$ Hammedatha# a 6ougaean# was in great honor with the king# and he soughtto in?ure ;ordecai and his people because o$ the two eunuchs o$ the king& '(+:9,-

0he addition says that the king annulled the decree to annihilate the 2ews that he sent out earlier#whereas the book o$


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se!enty.three elephants " 0he whole army o$ Antiochus consisted o$ siMty.two thousand $oot# siMthousand horse# and a hundred and two elephants& 'Pol(bi$s # *4# (.+# (3,-

#accabees: 0he wicked are eternally tormented: “Ne# most abominable tyrant 1Antiochus


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!he book pro&otes pa'an doctrine: 0he immortality o$ the soul: “0he souls o$ the righteous" n the eyes o$ the $oolish they seemed to ha!e died " Lor though in the sight o$ men theywere punished# their hope is $ull o$ immortality& '3:(.,-

0orment a$ter death: “0he righteous man who had died will condemn the ungodly who are li!ing" the ord will laugh them to scorn- A$ter this they will become dishonored corpses# and anoutrage among the dead $or e!er " and they will su$$er anguish# and the memory o$ them will

perish " 0hen the righteous man will stand with great con$idence in the presence o$ those whoha!e a$$licted him# and those who make light o$ his labors- Nhen they see him# they will beshaken with dread$ul $ear# and they will be ama>ed at his uneMpected sal!ation- 0hey will speakto one another in repentance# and in anguish o$ spirit they will groan# and say# 0his is the manwhom we once held in derision and made a byword o$ reproach we $oolsK’ & ':(9.(48 :(.,-

0ransmigration o$ souls: “As a child was by nature well endowed# and a good soul $ell to my lot8or rather# being good# entered an unde$iled body " man who was made o$ earth a short timebe$ore and a$ter a little while goes to the earth $rom which he was taken# when he is re%uired toreturn the soul that was lent him& '@:(4# +)8 (:@,-

0he physical body is a burden: “Lor the reasoning o$ mortals is worthless# and our designs arelikely to $ail# $or a perishable body weighs down the soul# and this earthy tent burdens thethought$ul mind& '4:(# (,- Contrary to Gen (:3(-

ther unscriptural ideas: Adam repented: “Nisdom protected the $irst.$ormed $ather o$ theworld# when he alone had been created8 she deli!ered him $rom his transgression& '():(,-Contary to Gen 3:@.(+-

0he 2ews were holy and blameless when deli!ered $rom ations around the;editerranean# but the Scriptures teach that the uni!erse was created $rom nothing eMisting prior'Gen (:(# +8 Heb ((:3,-

Sirach (Ecclesiasticus): Pre?udiced !iews o$ women# and wrongly attributes the origin o$ sin to

the $irst woman#

God is said to know e!erything e!en be$ore he created the uni!erse: “A man who breaks hismarriage !ows " His $ear is con$ined to the eyes o$ men# and he does not reali>e that the eyes o$ the ord are ten thousand times brighter than the sun " 6e$ore the uni!erse was created# it1man’s sin5 was known to him8 so it 1man’s sin5 was also a$ter it 1the uni!erse5 was $inished&'3):(@.+),- $ 2eho!ah knew man would sin# then he was partly responsible $or sin’s occurrenceand all its e!il conse%uences- 0his would be contrary to (2ohn :@-

0he demonic apparition during the sance in (Sam +@:@.(4 is taken as actually being Samuel: “


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Septuaginta copulatur# nec habetur apud Hebraeos# et ψευδεπιγραφον >ar king o$ 6abylon hadcarried away $rom 2erusalem 2econiah and the princes and the prisoners and the mighty menand the people o$ the land# and brought them to 6abylon 19(* 6C


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other 1elder5- And he said to him# Fou o$$spring o$ Canaan and not o$ 2udah# beauty has decei!edyou and lust has per!erted your heart- 0his is how you both ha!e been dealing with thedaughters o$ srael# and they were intimate with you through $ear8 but a daughter o$ 2udah wouldnot endure your wickedness’ “ '# +.3# 9.*8 also re$erred to as Dan (3:# +.3# 9.*,- nthe book o$ Daniel itsel$# Daniel is portrayed as always respect$ul in his speech 'Dan +:+*# +@83:(4# +*8 :(*.+@8 9:+(# ++,-

$seude'raphical Works 'all %uotes $rom /&ocr(&aO# # unless otherwise noted,:

!he ook o% "ubilees: Anachronisms: Angels were created on the $irst creati!e day: “0heangel o$ the presence spake to ;oses " Nrite the complete history o$ the creation# how in siMdays the ord God $inished all His works " Lor on the $irst day He created the hea!ens which areabo!e and the earth and the waters and all the spirits which ser!e be$ore himVthe angels& '+# (.+,- Contary to Gen (:(.8 2ob 3@:.*-

Circumcision an eternal law: “And on the sel$same day was Abraham circumcised# and all themen o$ his house " 0his law is $or all the generations $or e!er " $or it is an eternal ordinance#ordained and written on the hea!enly tablets& '(# +.+,- Contrary to Gal :+.9-

=o angel ruled o!er srael: “0here are many nations and many peoples# and all are His 1God’s5#

and o!er all hath He placed spirits in authority " 6ut o!er srael He did not appoint any angel orspirit# $or He alone is their ruler& '(# 3(.3+,- Contrary to Dan ():+(8 (+:(8 2ude 4

!he *etter o% Aristeas: Anachronism: 0he appearance o$ one o$ the main characters in theletter: “0he e!ents with which it deals are supposed to take place during the li$etime o$ Wueen

Arsinoe 'X (,- As Arsinoe became Wueen about +*@ 6-C- and died in +*) 6-C-# these datespro!ide us with the time limits within which the story must be placed " 0he writer is guilty o$se!eral serious historical anachronisms " He represents Demetrius o$ Phalerum as head o$ thelibrary o$ AleMandria and ascribes the translation o$ the law to his in$luence and initiati!e 'XX 4.((et &assim,- 0he e!idence# howe!er# pro!es %uite conclusi!ely that Demetrius was banished byPhiladelphus at the commencement o$ his reign 'c# +@3 6-C-, $or supporting the claim o$7eraunos to the throne# and died shortly a$terwards& 'p- @3,-

“Demetrius o$ Phalerum# the president o$ the kings library " am told that the laws o$ the 2ews

are worth transcribing and deser!e a place in your library- Nhat is to pre!ent you $rom doingthisI replied the king " 0hey need to be translated# answered Demetrius " And the king whenhe understood all the $acts o$ the case ordered a letter to be written to the 2ewish High Priest thathis purpose 'which has already been described, might be accomplished " 0o this letter arreplied appropriately as $ollows: ar the High priest sends greetings to 7ing Ptolemy his true$riend- ;y highest wishes are $or your wel$are and the wel$are o$ Wueen Arsinoe your sister andyour children-& '4.((# (,-

“Arsinoe " married Ptolemy in +@R( 6C- Around +* 6C# she was con!icted o$ plottingagainst him and went in eMile $rom


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which will make in the world- 0hen ;ichael took Adam and le$t him where God told him“'“Apocalypse o$ ;oses& 3+# 3.8 3# +8 3*# .9,-

ook o% Enoch: mmortality o$ the soul: “0hese hollow places ha!e been created $or this !erypurpose# that the spirits o$ the souls o$ the dead should assemble therein# yea that all the souls o$ the children o$ men should assemble here " saw the spirits o$ the children o$ men whoweredead& '++# 3.,-


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Pre.eMistence o$ souls: “Sit and write all the souls o$ mankind# howe!er many o$ them are born#and the places prepared $or them to eternity8 $or all souls are prepared to eternity# be$ore the$ormation o$ the world& '“A& +3# .,-

Predestination: “0here has been no man in his mothers womb# but that already be$ore# e!en toeach one there is a place prepared $or the repose o$ that soul# and a measure $iMed how much itis intended that a man be tried in this world& '“A& 4# +,-

2nd aruch: 0orment a$ter death: “And it shall come to pass at that time that the treasuries willbe opened in which is preser!ed the number o$ the souls o$ the righteous# and they shall come$orth " 6ut the souls o$ the wicked# when they behold all these things# shall then waste away themore- Lor they shall know that their torment has come and their perdition has arri!ed& '3)# +.,-

!he /reek Apocalypse o% aruch (3rd aruch): 0orment a$ter death: “And he showed meHades# and its appearance was dark and abominable- And said# Nho is this dragon# and who isthis monster around himI And the angel said- 0he dragon is he who eats the bodies o$ those whospend their li$e wickedly# and he is nourished by them- And this is Hades " also the men whonow drink insatiably the wine which is begotten o$ 1the grape!ine5# transgress worse than Adam#and are $ar $rom the glory o$ God# and are surrendering themsel!es to the eternal $ire& '# .9# (9.(*,-

th aruch: Pre.eMistence o$ souls: “0he underworld and the chambers o$ souls are like the

womb: $or ?ust as she who is in tra!ail makes haste to escape the anguish o$ the tra!ail# e!en sodo these places hasten to deli!er what has been entrusted to them $rom the beginning& '# (.3,-

0orment a$ter death: “And the ;ost High shall be re!ealed upon the throne o$ ?udgement " andthe reward be made mani$est " And then shall the pit o$ torment appear# and o!er against it theplace o$ re$reshment- 0he $urnace o$ Gehenna shall be made mani$est# and o!er against it theParadise o$ delight- And then shall the ;ost High say to the nations that ha!e been raised 1$romthe dead5: ook now and consider whom ye ha!e denied# whom ye ha!e not ser!ed# whosecommandments ye ha!e despised- ook# now# be$ore 1you5: here delight and re$reshment# there$ire and tormentsK& '*# 33.3*,-

Soul immortal: “Nhen the decisi!e decree has gone $orth $rom the ;ost High that the manshould die# as the soul $rom the body departs that it may return to him who ga!e it to adore the

glory o$ tlie ;ost High& '*# *@.*4,-

!he $sal&s o% Solo&on: Anachronism: “And the children o$ the co!enant in the midst o$ themingled peoples " 0here was not among them one that wrought in the midst o$ 2erusalem mercyand truth- 0hey that lo!ed the synagogues o$ the pious $led $rom them& '(*# (.(9,-

0hese psalms claim to be the work o$ Solomon# yet synagogues did not come about in srael untila$ter the 6abylonian eMile at the earliest '9th C- 6C


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0his nondescript ruin co!ers what was ancient Shechem& '“Shechem: ts Archaeological andConteMtual Signi$icance& in Bible and S&ade Spring# +)),-

+ead Sea Scrolls:

mmortal soul and eternal torment: (WS # (+.(3-

Predestination: (WS 3# (.+(-

Separation $rom mankind: (WS @# (.(- Contrary to 2ohn (*:(-

Christian /reek Scriptures

Apocryphal Works 'all %uotes $rom /&ocr(&a N#8 unless otherwise noted8 =0( is /&ocr(&aN#98 their order is as in /&ocr(&a N#8,:

$rote-an'eliu& o% "a&es: 0he high priest goes into the ;ost Holy o$ the 0emple to pray: “Andwhen she was twel!e years o$ age# the priests met in a council# and said# 6ehold# ;ary is twel!eyears o$ age8 what shall we do with her# $or $ear lest the holy place o$ the ord our God should bede$iled 1by her menstruation while she is ser!ing there5I " 0hen the high.priest entered into the

Holy o$ Holies# and " made prayer concerning her& '@# 3# 8 =0(,- 0his could not ha!e takenplace on ;ary’s twel$th birthday# $or only on the day o$ Atonement could the high priest enter the;ost Holy 'Heb 4:9# *,-

6ecause ;ary is pregnant# 2oseph is made to drink the bitter water o$ the test $or secret adultery: “0he priest added# will cause you both to drink the water o$ the ord# which is $or trial# and soyour ini%uity shall be laid open be$ore you- 0hen the priest took the water# and made 2osephdrink# and sent him to a mountainous place- And he returned per$ectly well# and all the peoplewondered that his guilt was not disco!ered- So the priest said# Since the ord hath not made your sins e!ident# neither do condemn you& '((# (*.+)8 =0(,- /nly the wi$e drank the bitter water'=um :((.+@, and no 2ewish tradition e!er had the husband drink it 'Misna! Sota ch- (.3,-

0he astologers who sought 2esus $ind him in a ca!e: “So the wise men went $orth# and behold#the star which they saw in the east went be$ore them# till it came and stood o!er the ca!e where

the young child was with ;ary his mother- 0hen they brought $orth out o$ their treasures& '(# 4.()8 =0(,- 0he so.called “wise men& $ound 2esus in a house# not a ca!e ';att +:*.((,-

Bechariah# the $ather o$ 2ohn the 6apti>er# is said to be high priest: “Bacharias the high.priest "6ut Herod made search a$ter 2ohn# and sent ser!ants to Bacharias# when he was 'ministering, atthe altar# and said unto him# Nhere hast thou hid thy sonI " And 1the priests5 went away# andtold the people# that Bacharias was murdered# and all the tribes o$ srael heard thereo$# andmourned $or him# and lameiited three days“ '@# 8 (9# 4# +8 =0(,- Bachariah was ?ust an ordinarypriest who ser!ed twice a year $or a week each time at the 0emple 'uke (:# @.4# (3# +3,- 0hehigh priest was always there to o$$iciate-

/ospel o% $seudo0#atthew: ;ary is said to choose perpetual !irginity: “Abiathar the priesto$$ered gi$ts without end to the high priests# in order that he might obtain her as wi$e to his son-6ut ;ary $orbade them# saying: t cannot be that should know a man# or that a man should knowme " ;ary answered and said unto them: God is worshipped in chastity& '*,- Since 2esus iscalled ;ary’s $irstborn#’ she had other children by the normal means 'uke +:.*,-

0he high priest goes into the ;ost Holy o$ the 0emple to pray: “=ow it came to pass# when 1;ary5was $ourteen years old# and on this account there was occasion $or the Pharisees saying that itwas now a custom that no woman o$ that age should abide in the temple o$ God# they $ell uponthe plan o$ sending a herald through all the tribes o$ srael# that on the third day all should cometogether into the temple o$ the ord- And when all the people had come together " /n the$ollowing day " the high priest went into the holy o$ holies# and brought $orth the rods 1todetermine who would be ;ary’s guardian5- And " the high priest put on the twel!e bells and the


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sacerdotal robe8 and entering into the holy o$ holies# he there made a burnt.o$$ering# and poured$orth a prayer& '@,- Contrary to Heb 4:9# *-

6ecause ;ary is pregnant# 2oseph is made to drink the bitter water o$ the test $or secret adultery: “A$ter these things there arose a great report that ;ary was with child- And 2oseph was sei>ed bythe ollicers o$ the temple# and brought along with ;ary to the high priest " 2oseph wassummoned to the altar# and the water o$ drinking o$ the ord was gi!en him to drink- And when

any one that had lied drank this water# and walked se!en times round the altar# God used to showsome sign in his $ace- Nhen# there$ore# 2oseph had drunk in sa$ety# and had walked round thealtar se!en times# no sign o$ sin appeared in him& '(+,- /nly the wi$e drank the bitter water '=um:((.+@, and no 2ewish tradition e!er had the husband drink it 'Misna! Sota ch- (.3,-

2esus is depicted as a murderous youth: “0he son o$ Annas# a priest o$ the 0emple " brokedown the dams which 2esus had made with His own hands# and let out the water which He hadcollected in them $rom the torrent " And when 2esus saw this# He said to that boy who haddestroyed His dams: / most wicked seed o$ ini%uityK son o$ deathK / workshop o$ SatanK !erilythe $ruit o$ thy seed shall be without strength# and thy roots without moisture# and thy brancheswithered# bearing no $ruit- And immediately# in the sight o$ all# the boy withered away# and died&'+@,-

/ospel o% the ati-ity o% #ary: A passage not in the 6ible is %uoted as Scripture: “0he

Scripture ha!ing said# Cursed is e!ery one who shall not beget a male in srael& '(# 48 =0(,-History o% "oseph the Carpenter: 0he trinity: “n the name o$ God# o$ once essence and threepersons " our ;aster# God# and Sa!iour ?esus Christ& 'ntro8 (,-


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2esus gi!es a lesson in astronomy that includes a mistaken scienti$ic concept: “Nhen a certainastronomer# who was present# asked tlie ord 2esus# whether he hail studied astronomy# the ord2esus replied# and told him the number o$ the spheres and hea!enly bodies " and other thingswhich the reason o$ man had ne!er disco!ered& '+(# 4.()8 =0(,- 0he teaching that the planetsand stars re!ol!ed within crystalline spheres was a erroneous teaching o$ ancient Greekastronomy-

/ospel o% icode&us:Acts o% $ilate: 1st in /reek: Anachronisms: “n the $i$teenth year o$ the go!ernment o$0iberius Caesar# emperor o$ the Eomans# and Herod being king o$ Galilee# in thenineteenth year o$ his rule " in the consulship o$ Eu$us and Eubellio# in the $ourth year o$ the two hundred and second /lympiad# 2oseph Caiaphas being high priest o$ the 2ews&'ntro,- 0he (th year o$ 0iberius is +4 C


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2esus came about #))) years a$ter Adam# and this account mistakenly puts the creationin this year also-

Satan bound in (st C- C< in Hades: “0he 7ing o$ glory 1Christ5 sei>ed the chie$ satrapSatan by the head# and deli!ered him to His angels# and said: Nith iron chains bind hishands# and his $eet# and his neck# and his mouth- 0he He deli!ered him to Hades# andsaid: 0ake him# and keep him secure till my second appearing& '9,- Contrary to Ee! (:(8

+):(.3-

+escent o% Christ into Hell: 1st *atin: Same errors as in Greek !ersion: A supposedaccount o$ those resurrected who had been in Hades and what they saw there '(.+,8anachronism o$ the time o$ the coming o$ Christ ',8 Satan bound in (st C- C< in Hades'9.*,-

0hose who died be$ore Christ resurrected in (st C- C


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went to meet 0itus " 1they5 proceeded to 2erusalem# and surrounded the kingdom o$ the 2ews#and began to send them to destruction " 0hen they sei>ed Pilate# and sent him to prison& 'pp-+# +@.+),- 0iberius Caesar died in 39 C


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which ne!er ha!e an end- Lor these torments 1on earth5# which happen to he somewhat light# anyone can bear " 6ut those torments are e!erlasting# where there are daily weepings# andmournings# and lamentations# and ne!er.ending torture " 0he holy Andrew said " $or thee 1hispersecutor5 is laid up eternal torment# which# howe!er# thou mayst escape a$ter thou hast testedmy endurance# i$ thou wilt belie!e in my Christ " Lor my su$$ering takes up a space o$ one day#or two at most8 but thy torment $or endless ages shall ne!er come to a close& 'pp- 334.3(,-

Acts o% Andrew and #atthias: A Christian brings destruction upon persecutors: “nto the abyssshalt thou go# with the $ourteen eMecutioners who slay the men e!ery day " And the blessed one1Andrew5# ha!ing looked up to hea!en# prayed be$ore all the multitude8 the earth was opened# andswallowed up the water# along with the old man- He was carried down into the abyss# with theeMecutioners& 'p- 39*,-

Acts o% $eter and Andrew: Peter is gi!en a title $orbidden by 2esus: “Andrew says to him: Fes#$ather Peter " Andrew answered and said to Peter: Lather Peter& 'p- 394,-

Peter is gi!en primacy o$ the congregation: “0he ord 2esus Christ " said to them: Hail# Peter#bishop o$ the whole o$ my church& 'p- 394,-

Acts and #artyrdo& o% #atthew:


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sakes you become grasping and a!aricious# plundering orphans# co!eting the property o$ widows#and by doing this you sub?ect yoursel!es to most grie!ous punishments& 'pp- 34.34,-

A person going to hea!en right a$ter death: “0he soul o$ Gad 1the king’s5 brother departed- Andthe king mourned $or Gad eMceedingly# $or he altogether lo!ed him- And he ordered him to beprepared $or burial in a royal and costly robe- And as this was being done# angels recei!ed thesoul o$ Gad the king s brother# and took it up into hea!en# showing him the places and dwellings

there# asking him: n what sort o$ a place dost thou wish to dwellI& 'p- )),-

0 orment a$ter death: “And ha!ing laid his hand on her hand# he said: Come# ord 2esus Christ#gi!ing this woman li$e " And immediately# as he drew her hand# she sprang up " And theapostle says to her: 0ell us where thou hast been- And she answered " a place where therewere many chasms# and a great stench and most hate$ul odour were gi!en $orth thence8 and hemade me bend down into each chasm# and saw in the chasm bla>ing $ire8 and wheels o$ $ire ranthere# and souls were hung upon those wheels# and were dashed against each other- And therewas there crying and great lamentation# and there was none released " And 1her guide5 broughtine to another chasm# and bent down and saw mud# and worms spouting $orth# and soulswallowing there8 and a great gnashing o$ teeth was heard thence $rom them- And that man said tome# 0hese are the souls o$ women that le$t their own husbands# and went and committed adulterywith others# and who ha!e been brought to this torment& 'pp- (@.(4,-

Consu&&ation o% !ho&as: A person going to hea!en right a$ter death: “10homas5 said to thesoldiers: Come and $inish the work o$ him that sent you- And the $our struck him at once# andkilled him- And all the brethren wept# and wrapped him up in beauti$ul shawls# and many linencloths# and laid him in the tomb in which o$ old the kings used to be buried- And Syphor and2u>anes did not go to the city# but spent the whole day there# and waited during the night- And0homas appeared to them# and said: am not there8 why do you sit watchingI $or ha!e gone up#and recei!ed the things hoped $or& 'pp- +*.+@,-

#artyrdo& o% artholo&ew: 0eaching o$ the trinity: “0hen the holy 6artholomew# ha!ingspread $orth his hands to hea!en# said " one God# the Lather# acknowledged in Son and HolySpirit8 one God# the Son# glori$ied in Lather and Holy Spirit8 one God# the Holy Spirit# worshippedin Lather and Son& 'p- 39,-

0he sign o$ the cross: “And when ye behold 1the demon in a temple5# $ear nothing8 but when

make the sign o$ the cross# so also do ye with your $inger seal your $aces# and these e!il thingswill $lee $rom you- 0hen he showed them the demon who dwelt in the temple& 'p- 3*,-

Act o% !haddaeus: Gi!ing glory to the holy spirit: “0hey ga!e glory to the Lather# and the Son#and the Holy Spirit# $or e!er and e!er& 'p- 3,- 0he holy spirit is ne!er glori$ied or worshipped inthe Scriptures-

Acts o% "ohn: 0rinity: “/ur God# 2esus Christ " God ord 2esus Christ& 'pp- 4.),-

;arriage distained: “/ Christ 2esus " who has preser!ed me also till the present hour pure to0hysel$# and $ree $rom intercourse with woman8 who# when wished in my youth to marry# didstappear to me# and say# am in need o$ thee# 2ohn " who# when a third time wished to marry#didst say to me at the third hour# in the sea# 2ohn# i$ thou wert not mine# would let thee marry& 'p-+,- Contrary to (0im :(.3-

4e-elation o% #oses: 0he serpent in


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carried up to Him that made it# to meet Him " the ord o$ the uni!erse# sitting upon His holythrone# stretched $orth His hands# and raised Adam# and deli!ered him to the archangel ;ichael#saying to him: Eaise him into paradise# e!en to the third hea!en# and let him be there until thatgreat and dread$ul day which am to bring upon the world& 'pp- 93.9,-

4e-elation o% Esdras: 0orment a$ter death: “ wish# ord# to see also the under parts o$0artarus- And God said: Come down and see " and saw a $iery throne# and an old man sitting

upon it8 and his ?udgment was merciless- And said to the angels: Nho is thisI And what is hissinI And they said to me: 0his is Herod# who $or a time was a king# and ordered to put to deaththe children $rom two years old and under- And said : Noe to his soul K And again they took medown thirty steps# and there saw boilings up o$ $ire# and in them 'there was, a multitude o$sinners8 and heard their !oice# but saw not their $orms- And they took me down lower manysteps# which could not measure- And there saw old men# and $iery pi!ots turning in their ears" And they took me away to the south# and saw there a man hanging by the eyelids8 and theangels kept scourging him& 'pp- *(.*+,-

4e-elation o% $aul: Asceticism appro!ed in a supposed account o$ Paul’s !ision o$ hea!en: “0here came other angels with a cheer$ul countenance# shining like the sun- And behold a !oiceto them: Nhence ha!e ye come’I And they answered and said: Ne ha!e come $rom those whoha!e held themsel!es aloo$ $rom the world and the things in the world $or 0hy holy name’s sake#who in deserts# and mountains# and ca!es# and the dens o$ the earth# in beds on the ground# and

in $astings# spend their li$e- Command us to be with them- And there came a !oice: Go with themin peace# guarding them& 'p- *4,-

Persons taken to hea!en soon a$ter death: “ 1Paul5 wish to see the souls o$ the righteous and o$the sinners# how they go out o$ the world " And looked# and saw one o$ the sons o$ men $allingnear death- And the angel says to me: 0his is a righteous man# and# behold " the good 1angels5took possession o$ the soul o$ the righteous man# and said to it: 0ake note o$ the body whencethou art coming out8 $or it is necessary $or thee again to return to it in the day o$ the resurrection#that thou mayst recei!e what God hath promised to the righteous- And the good angels who hadrecei!ed the soul o$ the righteous man# saluted it# as being well known to them- And it went withthem8 and the 1holy5 Spirit came $orth to meet them# saying: Come# soul# enter into the place o$the resurrection# which God hath prepared $or His righteous ones& 'p- @),-

0orment a$ter death: “Lollow me# that may show thee where the souls o$ the impious and the

sinners are " And saw " a ri!er o$ $ire# and there was there a multitude o$ many souls- And asked the angel: Nho are these# my lordI And he said to me: 0hese are the thie!es# andslanderers# and $latterers# who did not set up God as their help# but hoped in the !anity o$ theirriches " And looked into the $iery ri!er# and saw an old man dragged along by two# and theypulled him in up to the knee- And the angel 0emeluch coming# laid hold o$ an iron with his hand#and with it drew up the entrails o$ that old man through his mouth " And saw there another oldman carried in haste by $our angels8 and they threw him into the $iery ri!er up to the girdle# and hewas $right$ully burnt by the lightnings& 'pp- @.@9,-

Doctrines o$ ;ary being the mother o$ God and the transubstantiation: “And the angel took meup $rom these torments# and set me abo!e a well " there came $orth a stench which it wasimpossible to bear- And ha!ing come near the place# saw that well $illed with darkness andgloom# and great narrowness o$ space in it- And the angel who was with me said to rne: 0hisplace o$ the well which them seest is cast o$$ $rom the glory o$ God# and none o$ the angels is

importunate in behal$ o$ them8 and as many as ha!e pro$essed that the holy ;ary is not themother o$ God# and that the ord did not become man out o$ her# and that the bread o$ thethanksgi!ing and the cup o$ blessing are not His $lesh and blood are cast into this well& 'pp- @*.@@,- 0ransubstantiation is contrary to the 6iblical admonition to not eat blood ' Acts (:+@# +4,-

4e-elation o% "ohn: mages and crosses are spoke o$ appro!ingly: “0hen will 1God5 send $orthmine angels o!er the $ace o$ all the earth# and they shall li$t o$$ the earth e!erything honourable#and e!erything precious# and the !enerable and holy images# and the glorious and preciouscrosses# and the sacred !essels o$ the churches# and the di!ine and sacred books8 and all the


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precious and holy things shall be li$ted up by clouds into the air& 'p- 4*,- 0he Scripturesadmonish against idolatry '(2ohn :+(,-

0orment a$ter death: “0hen the piti$ul sinners# seeing their works# and ha!ing no consolation#shall go down weeping into streams as it were o$ blood " And these go away into e!erlastingpunishment " sound the trumpet $or the $right$ul wild beasts to gather them together to $eed uponthem " open the twel!e plagues# that all the creeping things may be brought together against the

impious and unrepenting " and the sinners will be melted in $right$ul punishments& 'p- )38“;anuscript


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;isunderstanding o$ ;att (9(@: “;ary said unto Peter: / stone hewn out o$ the rock# did not theord build his church upon theeI“ '# 38 p- (*3,- Peter understood the rock upholding thecongregation to be Christ '(Pet +:.@,-

Satan bound in (st C- Cards# and the di!iners# and o$ them that belie!e in us# and o$ all whom tlook upon 'decei!eI,I " And he smote his teeth together# gnashing them# and there came upout o$ the bottomless pit a wheel ha!ing a sword $lashing with $ire# and in the sword were pipes-

And " asked him# saying: Nhat is this swordI And he said: 0his sword is the sword o$ thegluttonous: $or into this pipe are sent they that through their gluttony de!ise all manner o$ sin8 intothe second pipe are sent the backbiters which backbite their neighbour secretly8 into the third pipeare sent the hypocrites and the rest whom o!erthrow by my contri!ance“ '# 3@.+8 pp- (*9.

(**,-!he ook o% the 4esurrection o% Christ by artholo&ew the Apostle: Souls go to hea!en soon a$ter death: “A man in the crowd named Ananias# o$ 6ethlehem# rushes to the cross andembraces and salutes the body " 0he priests decide to stone Ananias " 0he stoning producesno e$$ect- 0hey cast him into a $urnace# where he remains till 2esus has risen- At last they piercehim with a spear- 0he Sa!iour takes his soul to hea!en# and blesses him& 'Summari>ation8 p-(@(,-

Patriarchs brought out o$ Hades by Christ around time o$ his death: “2esus rose " and deli!ered Adam and the holy souls " 2esus and the redeemed souls ascended into Hea!en&'Summari>ation8 pp- (@3.(@,- Da!id still in Hades ) days a$ter Christ’s death ' Acts +:+4.3,-

ook o% "ohn the E-an'elist: Satan created man8 seM within marriage is a sin: “Satan " mademan in his likeness# and commanded the " angel o$ the third hea!en to enter into the body o$

clay- And he took thereo$ and made another body in the $orm o$ a woman# and commanded the" angel o$ the second hea!en to enter into the body o$ the woman " And he commanded themto do the deed o$ the $lesh in the bodies o$ clay# and they knew not how to commit sin " $oolishmen say thus in their deceit$ulness that my Lather made bodies o$ clay: but by the Holy Ghostmade he all the powers o$ the hea!ens# and holy ones were $ound ha!ing bodies o$ clay becauseo$ their transgression& 'pp- (@4.(4),- Contrary to Gen (:+9.+@-

Satan was behind the law o$ ;oses: “0hen " did the de!il proclaim unto him ';oses, hisgodhead# and unto his people# and commanded a law to be gi!en unto the children o$ srael# andbrought them out through the midst o$ the sea which was dried up& 'pp- (4).(4(,- Contrary toEom *:(+-

;arriage $orbidden: “0he ord answered " 0he disciples o$ 2ohn marry and are gi!en inmarriage 8 but my disciples neither marry nor are gi!en in marriage# but are as the angels o$ God

in hea!en& 'p- (4(,-!he Assu&ption: ;ary’s soul taken to hea!en at death: “2esus ascended with ;arys soul inthe chariot o$ the Cherubim " 1Some time later: 5 0he chariot o$ the Cherubim appeared with theJirgin seated in it " and went up to hea!en in glory“ '( Q (@8 pp- (49.(4),-

!he +iscourse o% !heodosius: At death# ;ary’s body and soul taken to hea!en: “1Christ5 wentup to hea!en and presented the soul 1o$ ;ary5 to the Lather and the Holy Ghost- And the !oice o$the Holy 0rinity was heard welcoming the soul " 0he body arose and embraced its own soul#e!en as two brothers who are come $rom a strange country# and they were united one withanother’ & 'Summari>ation o$ 9 Q 48 p- (44,-

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!he Assu&ption: arrati-e by "oseph o% Ari&athaea: At death# ;ary’s body taken to hea!en:“And suddenly a light $rom hea!en shone round about them# and as they $ell to the earth# the holybody8 was taken up by angels into hea!en& '(98 p- +(*,-

!he Syriac arrati-es o% the Assu&ption o% #ary;: ;ary’s soul taken to hea!en: “;ary diedand her soul was taken up& 'p- ++3,-

0orment a$ter death: “0he apostles then asked the ord to show them the place o$ 0orment " theearth sprang upwards and they saw the pit- 0he lost saw ;ichael and begged $or respite- ;aryand the apostles $ell down and interceded $or them& 'p- ++3,-

Acts o% "ohn: Prayer directed to Christ: “2esu Christ# God o$ the ages# God o$ truth " praythee# / Christ# re$use not thy Drusiana& '@+8 p- +4,-

2esus’ body was not material: “Another glory also will tell you# brethren: Sometimes when would lay hold on 1Christ5# met with a material and solid body# and at other times# again# when $elt him# the substance was immaterial and as i$ it eMisted not at all " And o$tentimes when walked with him# desired to see the print o$ his $oot# whether it appeared on the earth8 $or sawhim as it were li$ting himsel$ up $rom the earth: and ne!er saw it " the ord " him whombecame a man apart $rom this 1material5 body& '43 Q ()38 p- ++.+3# +9,- Contrary to (2ohn(:(.8 +2ohn *-

;arriage denounced: “Eecei!e there$ore in thy heart the admonition o$ the blessed 2ohn " knowthere$ore more $ully the mystery o$ the nuptial union: it is the eMperiment o$ the serpent# theignorance o$ teaching# in?ury o$ the seed# the gi$t o$ death " the beginning o$ disobedience# theend o$ li$e# and death- Hearing this# little children# ?oin yoursel!es together in an inseparablemarriage 1with Christ5# holy and true# waiting $or the one true incomparable bridegroom $romhea!en# e!en Christ# the e!erlasting bridegroom& '()8 p- +99,-

Acts o% $aul: Physical resurrection $or (st C- C< Christians in Corinth: “ikewise also a deadman was cast upon the bones o$ the prophet Helisaeus by the children o$ srael# and he arose#both body and soul and bones and spirit 1+7ings (3:+).+(58 how much more shall ye which ha!ebeen cast upon the body and bones and spirit o$ the ord " arise again in that day ha!ing your$lesh whole#


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sea to !isit the underworld " He has " seen 2udas 1scariot5 and heard his story- 2udas hadrepented and gi!en back the money# and seen 2esus and pleaded $or $orgi!eness&'Summari>ation8 p- *+,-

Epistle o% the Apostles: 2esus called God: “n God# the ord# the Son o$ God# do we belie!e#that he is the word become $lesh& '38 p- @9,-

Anachronism: “Ne testi$y that the ord is he who was cruci$ied by Pontius Pilate and Archelausbetween the two thie!es& '@8 p- @@,- Christ appeared be$ore Pilate in 33 C


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Anachronism: “Pilate rose early to burn incense be$ore the bodies " /n the night $ollowing#Stephen appeared and said to him " A$ter se!en months thou also shalt rest- And Pilate did so:and he died# and was buried& 'Summari>ation8 p- 9@,- Stephen’s martyrdom took place c- 3.3C

!he (Second) Apocalypse o% "a&es: 2ames# a disciple o$ Christ# can know &ore than2eho!ah: “1Christ speaking:5 shall re!eal to you those things that 'neither, the hea!ens nor their archons ha!e known- 6ehold# shall re!eal to you those things that he did not know# he whoboasted# 1---5 there is no other eMcept me- Am not ali!eI 6ecause am a $ather# do not ha!epower $or e!erythingI’ 1paraphrase o$ sa :28 B:B0?8 @:7 1>8 "er 1>:1>0125T

0he true Christ unknown to "eho-ah: “He 1Christ5 was that one whom he who created thehea!en and the earth and dwelled in it# did not see-&

!he Apocalypse o% $aul: !rans&i'ration o$ souls: “6ut saw in the $ourth hea!en " theangels resembling gods# the angels bringing a soul out o$ the land o$ the dead- 0hey placed it at

the gate o$ the $ourth hea!en- And the angels were whipping it- 0he soul spoke# saying# Nhat sinwas it that committed in the worldI’ 0he toll.collector who dwells in the $ourth hea!en replied#saying# t was not right to commit all those lawless deeds that are in the world o$ the dead’- 0hesoul replied# saying# 6ring witnessesK et them show you in what body committed lawlessdeeds’ " Nhen the soul heard these things 1witness borne against it5# it ga>ed downward insorrow- And then it ga>ed upward- t was cast down- 0he soul that had been cast down went to abody which had been prepared $or it-&

!he Apocalypse o% $eter: 0he real spiritual Christ did not die on the torture stake# only animitation one made o$ $lesh: “0he Sa!ior said to me# He whom you saw on the tree# glad and

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laughing# this is the li!ing 2esus- 6ut this one into whose hands and $eet they dri!e the nails is his$leshly part# which is the substitute being put to shame# the one who came into being in hislikeness " he whom they cruci$ied is the $irst.born# and the home o$ demons# and the stony!essel in which they dwell# o$ ed and released# who stands ?oy$ullylooking at those who did him !iolence-’ T

!he Apocryphon o% "a&es: Some o$ the truth Christ taught is not $or e!eryone to hear: “Sinceyou asked that send you a secret book which was re!ealed to me and Peter by the ord# couldnot turn you away " 6ut since you are a minister o$ the sal!ation o$ the saints# endea!orearnestly and take care not to rehearse this teMt to many . this that the Sa!ior did not wish to tellto all o$ us# his twel!e disciples-& Howe!er# 2esus# in the chapter o$ ;atthew about how to goabout the preaching work# said: “Nhat tell F/O in the darkness# say in the light8 and what F/Ohear whispered# preach $rom the housetops& '#att 1>:2?,-

$redestination o$ the righteous: “0hrice blessed are they who were proclaimed by the Sonbe$ore they came to be# that you might ha!e a portion among them-&

!he Apocryphon o% "ohn (!he Secret ook o% "ohn !he Secret 4e-elation o% "ohn): Godthe Lather is unknowable and unna&eable: “He is ine$$able# since no one was able tocomprehend him to speak about him- He is unnameable# since there is no one prior to him to gi!e

him a name-&$re0e:27 B5 &

;aterial creation is e!il: “And " him 'Adam, " they 1his creators5 " $orm 'him, " $rom earthand water and $ire and the spirit which originates in matter# which is the ignorance o$ darknessand desire# and their counter$eit spirit- 0his is the tomb o$ the newly.$ormed body-& Contrary to/en 1:31-

Soul 'oes to hea-en or punishment at death: “ ord# where will the souls o$ these go when theyha!e come out o$ their $leshI’ And he smiled and said to me# 0he soul in which the power willbecome stronger than the counter$eit spirit# is strong and it $lees $rom e!il " is sa!ed# and it istaken up to the rest o$ the aeons’ " ord# these also who did not know# but ha!e turned away#where will their souls goI’ 0hen he said to me# 0o that place where the angels o$ po!erty go theywill be taken# the place where there is no repentance- And they will be kept $or the day on whichthose who ha!e blasphemed the spirit will be tortured# and they will be punished with eternal

punishment-’ &

!he ook o% !ho&as the Contender: !or&ent a$ter death: “He who will listen to your wordand turn away his $ace or sneer at it or smirk at these things# truly tell you that he will be handedo!er to the ruler abo!e who rules o!er all the powers as their king# and he will turn that onearound and cast him $rom hea!en down to the abyss# and he will be imprisoned in a narrow darkplace- ;oreo!er# he can neither turn nor mo!e on account o$ the great depth o$ 0artaros and thehea!y bitterness o$ Hades " $iery scourges that cast a shower o$ sparks into the $ace o$ the onewho is pursued- $ he $lees westward# he $inds the $ire- $ he turns southward# he $inds it there aswell- $ he turns northward# the threat o$ seething $ire meets him again-&


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!he Concept o% ur /reat $ower: ;istaken# ancient scienti$ic concepts are used as the basis$or spiritual teaching:

0he earth is supported by water 'connected here with the prime!al waters o$ creation,#which e!en eMtends to the realm o$ spirits: “Discern what si>e the water is# that it isimmeasurable 'and, incomprehensible# both its beginning and its end- t supports theearth8 it blows in the air where the gods and the angels are-&

0he earth is unmo!eable: “0he earth does not mo!e- Nere it to mo!e# it would $all- 6ut itneither mo!es nor $alls-&

Eu'nostos the lessed: 0he Almighty God is unna&eable and unknowable: “He.Nho.s isine$$able " Lor he is immortal and eternal# ha!ing no birth8 $or e!eryone who has birth will perish-He is unbegotten# ha!ing no beginning8 $or e!eryone who has a beginning has an end- =o onerules o!er him- He has no name8 $or whoe!er has a name is the creation o$ another- He isunnameable " He is unknowable# while he 'nonetheless, knows himsel$ " He is called Lathero$ the Oni!erse-’ “

!he E


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ha!e sent this 'to you, because you in%uire about the reality o$ the authorities- 0heir chie$ isblind8 because o$ his power and his ignorance and his arrogance he said# with his power# t is who am God8 there is none apart $rom me’ 1paraphrase o$ sa B:B0?5 " 1an5 angel boundFaldabaoth 1God5 and cast him down into 0artaros below the abyss-&

;an has a soul: “0he rulers " had taken some soil $rom the earth and modeled their man a$tertheir body and a$ter the image o$ God " and the man came to ha!e a soul " 1and5 called his

name Adam-& Contrary to /en 2:?-

!he *etter o% $eter to $hilip: !rinity: “0he orders o$ our God 2esus-&

0he God o$ the 6ible is proud and arro'ant: “0he Arrogant /ne# became proud on account o$the praise o$ the powers- He became an en!ier and he wanted to make an image " And hecommissioned the powers within his authority to mold mortal bodies-&

#elchi,edek: Praise $or other gods and $or spirits: “Holy are you# Holy are you# Holy are you#;other o$ the aeons# 6arbelo# $or e!er and e!er# Amen- Holy are you# Holy are you# Holy are you#Lirst.born o$ the aeons# DoMomedon " $or e!er and e!er# Amen- Holy are you# Holy are you# Holyare you# commander# luminary o$ the aeons# /riael# $or e!er and e!er# Amen- Holy are you# Holyare you# Holy are you# commander o$ the aeons# man.o$.light# Da!eithe# $or e!er and e!er- Amen-Holy are you# Holy are you# Holy are you# commander.in.chie$# :27 38 Col 2:1-

n the ri'in o% the World: 0he God o$ the 6ible is i'norant and boast%ul: “0here appeared$or the $irst time a ruler " ha!ing great authority within him# and ignorant o$ whence he had comeinto being " he called himsel$ Faldabaoth " he " continually boasted# saying to them " t is who am God# and there is no other one that eMists apart $rom me’ 1paraphrase o$ sa B:B0?5-&

Adam named the animals a$ter sinning: “

Adam to see what he would call them- Nhen he saw them# he ga!e names to their creatures-&Contrary to /en 2:10238 3:10?-

!he Second !reatise o% the /reat Seth: 0he God o$ the 6ible is a -ain'lorious bein': “Andthen a !oice . o$ the Cosmocrator . came to the angels: am God and there is no other besideme-’ 1paraphrase o$ sa B:B0?5 6ut laughed ?oy$ully when eMamined his empty glory-&

0he true Christ only seemed to# but did not actually die on the stake: “ did not die in reality butin appearance " and Ysu$$eredZ according to their sight and thought " Lor my death# whichthey think happened# 'happened, to them in their error and blindness# since they nailed their manunto their death-&

Laith$ul ser!ants o$ God# and God himsel$# ridiculed: “Abraham and saac and 2acob were alaughingstock " Da!id was a laughingstock " Solomon was a laughingstock " 0he (+ prophetswere laughingstocks# since they ha!e come $orth as imitations o$ the true prophets " ;oses# a$aith$ul ser!ant# was a laughingstock " Lor the Archon was a laughingstock because he said# am God " and there is no other beside me 1paraphrase o$ sa B:B0?5- am a ?ealous God# whobrings the sins o$ the $athers upon the children $or three and $our generations 1E< 2>:B5-&Contrary to 1Sa& 2:3>-

!he Sophia o% "esus Christ: God Almighty is unna&eable: “Lor he is immortal and eternal-=ow he is eternal# ha!ing no birth " ha!ing no beginning " Since no one rules o!er him# he has


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no name8 $or whoe!er has a name is the creation o$ another " He is called Lather o$ theOni!erse- &

0he God o$ the 6ible is an arro'ant7 blind bein' who is lesser than the Almighty God o$ theuni!erse: “Arch.6egetter# who is called Faldabaoth " 1Christ5 came " that might re!eal toyou Him Nho s $rom the 6eginning# because o$ the arrogance o$ Arch.6egetter and his angels#since they say about themsel!es that they are gods- And came to remo!e them $rom their

blindness# that might tell e!eryone about the God who is abo!e the uni!erse-&

!he !eachin's o% Sil-anus: Soul separate $rom the body: “0he body has come into being $romthe earth with an earthly substance# but the $ormed# $or the sake o$ the soul# has come into being$rom the thought o$ the Di!ine " it 'the soul, eMists as wi$e o$ that which has come into being incon$ormity with the image# but matter is the substance o$ the body# which has come into being$rom the earth-& Contrary to /en 2:?-

Christ is /od and released ones $rom Hades in the (st C- C


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ther Apocryphal ooks:

The Gospel of Judas 'edited by Eodolphe 7asser# ;ar!in ;eyer# and Gregor Nurst# 0he=ational Geographic Society# +))9,: mmortality o$ the soul: Nhen these people# howe!er# ha!ecompleted the time o$ the kingdom and the spirit lea!es them# their bodies will die but their soulswill be ali!e# and they will be taken up " mortal people " their souls go up to the eternal realmsabo!e& '3.,-

The Gospel of Mary Magdalene 'http:RRgnosis-orgRlibraryRmarygosp-htm,: A woman teachingmen: “Peter said to ;ary# Sister we know that the Sa!ior lo!ed you more than the rest o$ woman-0ell us the words o$ the Sa!ior which you remember which you know# but we do not# nor ha!e weheard them- ;ary answered and said# Nhat is hidden $rom you will proclaim to you- And shebegan to speak to them these words 1etc-5 " Peter answered and spoke concerning these samethings- He %uestioned them about the Sa!ior: Did He really speak pri!ately with a woman and notopenly to usI Are we to turn about and all listen to herI Did He pre$er her to usI " e!ianswered and said to Peter# Peter you ha!e always been hot tempered- =ow see youcontending against the woman like the ad!ersaries- 6ut i$ the Sa!ior made her worthy# who areyou indeed to re?ect herI Surely the Sa!ior knows her !ery well " And when they heard this theybegan to go $orth to proclaim and to preach& '# .@8 4# 3.# 9.(),- Contrary to (0im +:((# (+-

The Books of Jeu and the Untitled Text in the Bruce Codex 'by Carl Schmidt# Jiolet

;acDermot# eiden# =etherlands#


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Conditions or e-ents a%ter death:

Ascent to hea-en or paradise i&&ediately a%ter death: =o attainment o$ a rewarduntil the resurrection# which occurs during the presence o$ Christ '1Cor 1B:2202,-

ody taken to hea-en: Contrary to 1Cor 1B:B>-

Consciousness: See notes on how the dead are unconscious-

!or&ent: See notes on how the dead are unconscious-

/nostic belie%s:

/od i'norant7 i&per%ect7 be'rud'in'7 or arro'ant: Contrary to sa >:137 18 +eut32:8 *uke 11:138 2Sa& 22:337 3@-

!rue Christ did not su%%er on the stake: Contrary to 2"ohn ?-

/od:

!rinity: See notes-

5nknowable: Contrary to "ohn 1?:3-

5nna&eable or na&e unutterable: Contrary to $s 3:18 4uth 2:-

#an:

Asceticis&: Asceticism is pronounced useless in the Scriptures 'Col 2:2>023,-

#arria'e %orbidden: Contrary to 1!i& :103-

$redestined: Contrary to +eut 3>:17 2>8 4e- 22:1?-

!he soul:

/oes to hea-en: 0he soul is physical '/en 2:?,# so its going to hea!en is contrary to1Cor 1B:B>-

&&ortal: 0he soul dies '*e- 1:28 E,ek 1:,-

$re0e012,-

4E6E4ECES C!E+

/ll Scri&t$re /ll Scri&t$re is Ins&ired o' 4od and Bene'icial by 0he Natchtower 6ible and 0ractSociety# =ew Fork# (44)

/cilles #ati$s /cilles #ati$s translated by S- Gaselee# oeb# (4(*

/elian la$di$s /elian$s" His


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/mmian #e Roman Histor( o' /mmian$s Marcellin$s 'also called Res 4estae,#translated by C-D- Fonge# ondon# George 6ell Q Sons# (@48 th C- C<

/nalecta /nalecta #eolo%ica" / ritical! Pilolo%ical! and E0e%etical ommentar( on teNe7 #estament by Nilliam 0rollope# ondon# 0- Cadell# Strand# (@+

/ncient /ncient Records o' E%(&t by 2ames Henry 6reasted# Chicago# 0he ChicagoOni!ersity Press# (4)9Records

/ncient /ncient Records o' /ss(ria and Bab(lonia by Daniel Da!id uckenbill# Chicago#0he Oni!ersity o$ Chicago Press#(4+9

Records /ss(ria

/ncient #e0ts /ncient #e0ts /ncient Near Eastern te0ts Relatin% to te Old #estament edited by 2ames 6-Pritchard# Princeton# =ew 2ersey# (44+

/nte-Nicene #e /nte-Nicene +aters: #ranslations o' #e 1ritin%s o' te +aters do7n to /=D= 82> # =ew Fork# Charles Scribner’s Sons# (4(38 '%uotes re$er to the work

and ancient author,

/nti? o' Je7s /nti?$ities o' te Je7s by Lla!ius 2osephus# translated by Nilliam Nhiston8 (st C-C<

/&ion /%ainst /&ion by Lla!ius 2osephus# translated by Nilliam Nhiston8 (st C- C<

/&ocal omm Horae /&ocal(&ticae@ or! / ommentar( on te /&ocal(&se" +i't Edition by er# oeb# (4+(8 +nd C-6C<

/&&ian /&&ian,s Roman Histor( translated by Horace Nhite# oeb# (4*+8 +nd C- C<

/rab Proverbs /rab$m Proverbia"


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/rc Bib Hist /rcaeolo%( and Bible Histor( by 2oseph P- Lree# Nheaton# llinois# Jan 7ampenPress# (4)

/rc Bible /rcaeolo%( and te Bible by George 6arton# (43*

/retae$s On Diseases by Aretaeus o$ Cappadocia# edited by C-G- 7uhn# (@+(.(@3)#eip>ig8 (st C- C<

/risto&anes /risto&anes translated by 6en?amin 6ickley Eogers# oeb# (43)

/ristotle Jarious works by Aristotle8 th C- 6C<

/ristotle #e 1ors o' /ristotle# translated by N-D- Eoss# /M$ord# Clarendon Press8 th C-6C<1ors

/rrian /nabasis o' /le0ander by ucius Lla!ius Arrianus# translated by


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Bear 1itness ;Bearin% #oro$% 1itness /bo$t 4od,s in%dom by 0he Natchtower 6ible and0ract Society# =ew Fork# +))4

Be +ollo7er ome Be M( +ollo7er by 0he Natchtower 6ible and 0ract Society# =ew Fork#+))*

Bible6S&ade Bible and S&ade published by Associates $or 6iblical Eesearch# Akron# Penn-

Biblical oins 4$ide to Biblical oins by Da!id Hendin# Lirst


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icero Letters #e Letters o' icero translated by

icero Orations #e Orations o' Marc$s #$lli$s icero translated by C-D- Fonge# ondon# George6ell and Sons# (@@98 (st C- 6C<

IS or&$s Inscri&tion$m Semiticar$m *ollection o' Semitic Inscri&tions. by Acadmie des nscriptions Q 6elles.lettres# Paris# Eepublic 0ypography

lare ommentar( on te 1ole Bible by Adam Clarke

lar,s lar,s +orei%n #eolo%ical Librar(


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Daniel Pa( /ttention to Daniel,s Pro&ec( by the Natchtower 6ible and 0ract Society#=ew Fork# (444

Davies / om&endio$s and om&lete Hebre7 and aldee Le0icon to te Old#estament by 6en?amin Da!ies# Ee!ised by a Jermes# Ee!ised


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Ellicott / Bible ommentar( 'or En%lis Readers edited by Charles 2ohn


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Hesiod Hesiod" #e Homeric H(mns and Homerica translated by Hugh G-

Hes(ci$s Hes(cii /le0andrini Le0icon *Le0icon o' Hes(ci$s o' /le0andria. edited by;aurice Schmidt# 2ena# Germany# Herman Du$$t# (@*98 th C- C<

Hi&&ocrates Jarious works by Hippocrates# edited by C-G- 7uhn# (@+(.(@3)# eip>ig8 th C-6C<

Hi&&ocrates2 Hi&&ocrates translated by N-H-S- 2ones# oeb (448 th C- 6C< Histor Ill$s #e #estimon( o' Histor( to te #r$t o' Scri&t$re" Historical Ill$strations o' te

Old testment by George Eawlinson# 6oston# H-- Hastings# (@4@

Histor( Je7s #e Histor( o' te Je7is Peo&le in te /%e o' Jes$s rist by


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Isidore Seville Isidori His&alensis E&isco&i Et(molo%iar$m sive Ori%in$m Libri 55 *#eEt(molo%ies! or Ori%ins! o' Isidore! Biso& o' Seville! in #7ent( Boos. edited byN-;- indsay# /M$ord#


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Jose&$s2 #e 1ors o' +lavi$s Jose&$s translated by er 0hompson and NilliamCharles Price# ondon# Lielding and Nalker# (**@

2ulian #e 1ors o' te Em&eror J$lian translated by Nilmer Ca!e Nright# oeb# (4(3

J$li$s Pa$l$s “0he /pinions 1Sententiae5 o$ 2ulius Paulus: Addressed to His Son& in #e ivilLa7 inghistory written in (st C- 6C


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Entire

Latin Dict / Latin Dictionar( 'or Scools by Charlton 0- ewis# =ew Fork# American 6ookCompany# (4(9Le7is

Latin Dict / Latin-En%lis Dictionar( by 0homas Hewitt 7ey# Cambridge# Oni!ersity Press#(@@@e(

Latin Dict / Latin-En%lis Dictionar( by 2ohn 0- Nhite and 2-


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L$creti$s De Nat$ra Rer$m 'On te Nat$re o' #in%s, by 0itus ucretius Carus# translatedby Nilliam


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M+/ Boston M$se$m o' +ine /rts# 6oston

Midras #e Sacred Boos and Earl( Literat$re o' te East! Midras #e Midras on Psalms translated by Nilliam G- 6raude# =ew Ha!en# Conn- FaleOni!ersity Press# (448 ()th C- C<Psalms

Midras Rab #e Soncino Midras Rabba edited by H- Lreedman and ;aurice Simon# 0heSoncino Press# td-# (4@3 're$erenced by the 6ible book it comments on# withchapter and section,8 th to ()th C- C<

Misna #e Misna by Herbert Danby# ondon# (4338 +nd C- C<

Mis omm Miscna sive #oti$s Hebraeor$m J$ris $m larissimor$m Rabbinor$mMaimonidis 6 Bartenorae ommentariis Inte%ris *#e Misna! or #e EntireLa7 o' te Je7s! to%eter 7it ommentaries o' te Noted Rabbis Maimonidesand Bartenora. edited by Nilliam Surenhusius# Amsterdam# Gerard Q 2acob

6orstius# (94@.(*)38 Bartin" commentary by /badiah ben Abraham o$6ertinoro8 (th C- C


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Ori%in o' Li'e #e Ori%in o' Li'e" +ive 3$estions 1ort /sin% by the Natchtower 6ible and0ract Society# =ew Fork# +)()

O$tline #e O$tline o' Histor( by H- G- Nells# (4+)

Ovid Jarious works by /!id# translated by A-S- 7line8 (st C- 6C


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Poti$s Ch- (.(9: #e Librar( o' Poti$s


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P$l&it #e P$l&it ommentar( edited by H-D-;- Spence and 2oseph S-


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Searc Manind,s Searc 'or 4od by the Natchtower 6ible and 0ract Society# =ew Fork#(44)

Sec$rit( 1orld7ide Sec$rit( Fnder te ;Prince o' Peace by the Natchtower 6ible and0ract Society# =ew Fork# (4@9

Seder Olam /ncient Seder Olam 'Seder Olam Rabba, translated by 7en 2ohnson# ulonPress# +))*8 +nd C- C<

Seneca Jarious works by Seneca the Founger: +etters: #e E&istles o' L$ci$s /nnae$sSeneca translated by 0homas ;orell# ondon# N- Nood$all# (*@98 Morals" Seneca" Moral Essa(s translated by 2ohn N- 6asore# oeb# (4+@.(438Tragedies: Seneca,s #ra%edies translated by Lrank 2ustus ;iller# oeb# (43@8 (st

C- C<

Seneca2 Seneca E&ist$lae Morales Seneca" E&istles on Morals translated by Eichard;- Gummere# oeb# (4(*.(4+

Servi$s Servii 4rammatici ?$i +er$nt$r in


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Stor( ivil #e Stor( o' ivili)ation by Nill and Ariel Durant# =ew Fork# Simon and Schuster#(4

Stron% #e E0a$stive oncordance o' #e Bible by 2ames Strong# owa Lalls# owa

S$da S$da edited by Ada Adler# eip>ig# 6-G- 0uebner# (4+@.(43@8 translation athttp:RRwww-stoa-orgRsolR 8 6y>antine encyclopedia o$ 4th C- C<

S$etoni$s #e Lives o' te #7elve aesars by C= Suetonius 0ran%uillus# translated by 2-C-Eol$e# oeb# (4(8 +nd C- C<

S$teoni$s2 #e Lives o' te #7elve aesars by S$etoni$s# translated by AleMander0homson# re!ised and corrected by 0- Lorester# ondon# George 6ell and Sons#(4)48 +nd C- C<

S$rve( O# / S$rve( o' Old #estament Introd$ction by Gleason Archer# 2r-# Chicago# ;oodyPress# (449

S(ncell$s or&$s Scri&tor$m Historiae B()antinae" 4eor%i$s S(ncell$s *ollection o' te

1riters o' B()antine Histor(" 4eor%e S(ncell$s. edited by 6-G- =iebuhr# 6onn#Germany#


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#alm$d: #e Minor #ractates o' te #alm$d edited by A- Cohen# 0he Soncino Press#ondon# (498 're$erences gi!en by $olio page or chapter and section number,

#alm$d Jer$ #e Jer$salem #alm$d translated by 2acob =eusner# Hendrickson Publishers#+))4 're$erences gi!en as: 0he name o$ the tractate# the numbering according tothe translator# and# sometimes# the $olio 1page5 number in the Jilna


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#e #ar%$m o' '(ekiel _ translated by Samson H- e!ey# College!ille# ;inn-# 0heiturgical Press# (4@*8 (st C- 6C


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#r$t #rans#r$t in #ranslation" /cc$rac( and Bias in En%lis #ranslations o' te Ne7#estament by 2ason Da!id 6eduhn# =ew Fork# Oni!ersity Press o$ America# nc-#+))3

#1O# #eolo%ical 1ordboo o' te Old #estament edited by E- - Harris# G- - Archer#2r-# and 6- 7- Naltke# Chicago# ll-# (4@)


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Yo$n% /nal(tical oncordance to te Bible by Eobert Foung# Grand Eapids# ;ich# (4*4oncord

end-/vesta “0he Bend.A!esta& translated by 2ames Darmesteter and -H- ;ills in #eSacred Boos o' te East


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B( #e Bible in Livin% En%lis by Ste!en 0- 6yington

E< ontem&orar( En%lis


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no0 #e Ne7 #estament o' O$r Lord and Savio$r Jes$s rist by Eonald A- 7noM

Lamsa Hol( Bible" +rom te /ncient Eastern #e0t by George ;- amsa# American 6ibleSociety# +))8 Syriac Pesitta !ersion

LB #e Livin% Bible by 7enneth 0aylor

Leeser #e #7ent(-'o$r boos o' te Hol( Scri&t$res by saac eeser# (@3

L55 Se&t$a%int # translation o$ the Hebrew scriptures into Greek8 3 rd C- 6C


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#eo 0ranslation o$ Hebrew Scriptures into Greek by 0heodotion8 +nd C- Cger# and Allen Nikgren# Onited 6ible Societies# (4@3

errors in apocryphal works

Documents