error monitoring strategy error monitoring strategy

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University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning 2006

Error Monitoring Strategy

Error Monitoring StrategyPresented to the Secondary Literacy Council by

Dr. Jean C. Faieta TAC Consultant Intermediate Unit #5

April 6, 2011

The Error Monitoring Strategy

The Learning Strategy Series

2006The University of KansasCenter for Research on LearningLawrence, Kansas

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Pertinent Setting Demands• Students must hand in relatively error-free written

products to their teachers.– paragraphs– book reports– themes/research papers– answers to chapter questions– essay answers on tests

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Purpose of the Strategy• To teach students to detect and correct the

majority of errors in their writing.• To teach students to be aware of the appearance

of their completed products.

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Steps of the Strategy• Require students to:

– integrate the Sentence Writing Strategy (and the Paragraph Writing Strategy) with a strategy for detecting and correcting four types of mechanical errors:

• Capitalization• Overall Appearance• Punctuation• Spelling

– utilize resources to aid in this process– make a rough draft and a final draft of their work– reread the final draft as a final check

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Rationales Behind the Error Monitoring Strategy

• Students often have no awareness of the appearance of their products. Instruction in this strategy makes them aware of the appearance and the impression it makes on others.

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• Students often do not check their work. This is one behavior that characterizes low achievers. Instruction in this strategy makes them focus on the importance of checking work.

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• Student often do not know how to check their work. The Error Monitoring Strategy gives them a simple approach to the checking task.

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Error Monitoring Results

First Draft Final Draft

Pretest

Posttest

1 error inevery 5 words




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Learning Strategies Curriculum

Acquisition

– Word Identification

– Paraphrasing

– Self-Questioning

– Visual Imagery

– Interpreting Visual Aids

– Multipass

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Storage

– First-Letter Mnemonic

– Paired Associates

– Listening and Notetaking

– LINCS

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Expression and Demonstration of Competence

– Sentences

– Paragraphs

– Error Monitoring

– Themes

– Assignment Completion

– Test Taking

– InSPECT

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Go to Another Strategy

Go to AnotherStrategy

YES

NO

Pretest & Make CommitmentsStage 1:

Stage 2:

Stage 3:

Stage 4:

Stage 5:

Stage 6:

Stage 7:

Stage 8:

Describe

Model

Verbal Practice

Controlled Practice

Advanced Practice

Posttest & Make Commitments

NO

YES

Mastery?

NO

YES

NO

YES

GeneralizationOrientationActivationAdaptation

Maintenance

NO

YES

NO

YES

Mastery?

Mastery?

Mastery?

Mastery?

Mastery?

INSTRUCTIONAL SEQUENCE

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Selecting Students for the Error Monitoring Strategy

1. Students must be able to spell a majority of words.

2. Students must have mastered at least simple and compound sentences (Parts I & II of the Sentence Writing Strategy) and preferably all four sentence types.

3. Students must know how to find the correct spelling of words in the dictionary.

4. Students must read at the fourth-grade level or above.

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Error Monitoring StrategyInstructor's Manual Contents

Introduction

Instructional Steps

Appendix A: Evaluation Guidelines

Appendix B: Instructional Materials

Appendix C: Controlled Practice Lessons

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Error Monitoring StrategyInstructor's Manual Contents

Instructional Steps– Pretest & obtain commitment to learn– Describe– Model– Verbal rehearsal– Controlled practice and feedback– Grade - Appropriate practice and feedback– Posttest & obtain commitment to generalize– Generalization

• Phase 1:Orientation• Phase 2:Activation• Phase 3:Maintenance

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Error Monitoring Strategy Student Folder Contents

Front Cover:

– Error Monitoring Progress Chart– Controlled Practice Progress Chart

Back Cover:

– Envelope– Formula Card– Sentence Checklist– Paragraph Checklist

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Error Monitoring Strategy Student Folder Contents

Eventual Contents:

– Cue Cards– Tests– Controlled Practice Attempts– Grade Appropriate Practice Attempts– Generalization Attempts

• Activation• Maintenance

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Error Monitoring StrategyTopic List

• Where I'd like to be

• What I want to be

• Who I want to be

• How I want to live

• Where I Want to Live

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The Most CommonMistakes in Writing

Capitalization

Overall Appearance

Punctuation

Spelling

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Proper Nouns

John, Susan, Tom, Bill, Kathy, Peggy

New York City

Sears

Proper NounThe name that belongs to one person, place, thing, or a special group of persons or things.

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Common Nouns

teenagers

city

store

Common NounAny other noun representing a person, place, thing, quality, or idea.

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Capitalization Questions1. Have I capitalized the first word of the sentence?

2. Have I capitalized all of the proper nouns in the sentence?

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Overall Appearance Questions1. Is my handwriting easy to read, on the line, and

not crowded?

2. Are my words and sentences spaced right?

3. Did I indent and write close to the margins?

4. Are there any messy errors?

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Punctuation Questions

1. Did I use the right punctuation mark at the end of each sentence? (period, question mark, exclamation point)

2. Did I use commas and semicolons where necessary? (compound, complex, compound-complex sentences, items in a series)

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Spelling Questions1. Does it look right?

2. Can I sound it out?

3. Have I used the dictionary?

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Steps for Error Monitoring• Write on every other line using "PENS"• Read the paper for meaning• Interrogate yourself using the "COPS" questions• Take the paper to someone for help• Execute a final copy• Reread your paper

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The "COPS" Questions1. Have I capitalized the first word and proper nouns?

2. Have I made any handwriting, margin, messy, or spacing errors?

3. Have I used end punctuation, commas, and semicolons correctly?

4. Do the words look like they're spelled right, can I sound them out, or should I use the dictionary?

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Student's Name

Attempts

Steps 1 2 3 4 5 6

Write on every other line using PENSRead for meaningInterrogate yourself using the COPS questionsTake the paper to someoneExecute a final copyReread your paper

TotalPercentage Correct % % % % % %

Date

COPS Questions

Capitalize first wordCapitalize proper nounsHandwriting errorsSpacing errorsMargin errorsMessy errorsCommas & semicolonsLook rightSound it outUse dictionary

TotalPercentage Correct % % % % % %

Date

ERROR MONITORINGVERBAL REHEARSAL CHECKLIST

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Name:

Controlled Practice

Date Lesson No. Date Lesson No.

Grade-appropriate Practice

Date Topic/Assignment

Error Monitoring StrategyAssignment Sheet

(Steps 5 & 6)

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CONTROLLED PRACTICE SCORE SHEET

Error Detection:

Nonerrors

Errors not detected

Percentage of = errors detected

Error Correction:

Percentage of = errors corrected

Student's Name:Lesson No.:

Nonerrors

Errors not corrected

Total Errors

Mastery = No more than 1nonerror in each category

Mastery = 90% or above

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X 10020 20= %=

Total Errors

Mastery = No more than 1nonerror in each category

Mastery = 90% or above

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X 10020 20

= %=

C O P S

C O P S

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100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Name:

Error Monitoring ControlledPractice Progress Chart

A B C D E F G HPractice Attempts

- Percentage of errors detected- Percentage of errors corrected- MasteryM

Perc

ent o

f Err

ors

M

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Name:

Sentence Structure Errors

Paragraph Errors

Capitalization Errors

Overall Appearances Errors

Punctuation Errors

Spelling Errors

Other Errors

Error Monitoring StrategyIndividual Analysis

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Practice Sample

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Student's Name:

Date:

Pretest: Practice: Posttest:

Activation: Maintenance:

Error Monitoring Score Sheet

Writing Errors

Sentence

Paragraph

Capitalization

Punctuation

Spelling

Other

Line Number CategoryTotals

Total ErrorsCalculation the Score:

Total Number of ErrorsTotal Number of Words

Errors Per Word

Mastery - less than .05 errors per word

OverallAppearance

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

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Name:

Activation Assignments Place to be Date Topic/Assignment completed

Maintenance Assignments Place to be Date Topic/Assignment completed

Error Monitoring StrategyAssignment Sheet

(Step 8)

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ERROR MONITORING STRATEGY MANAGEMENT CHART

Student Names Maintenance Probes

Pretes

tDes

cribe

Model

Verb

al

Practic

eCon

trolle

d

Practic

eGra

de-A

ppro

p.

Practic

ePostt

est

Genera

lizati

on

Orientat

ionGen

eraliz

ation

Activa

tion

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Error Monitoring StrategyStrategic Instruction Model Training

Purpose: To explain, model, and practice the Error Monitoring Strategy.

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Objectives: Following this session, you will be able to:

1. Explain the Error Monitoring Strategy.2. State rationales for teaching the Error Monitoring Strategy to

learning disabled and low-achieving students.3. Describe and model the Error Monitoring Strategy.4. Score student pretests, practice attempts, and posttests. 5. Implement the Error Monitoring Strategy.

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Outline:

Advance organizer

I. Error Monitoring strategy overview

II. Materials and organization

III. Step-by-step run through the Error Monitoring Strategy

A. Role play practice

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Outline:

IV. Scoring practice

V. Incorporation into IEPs

VI. Problem solving

VII. Planning for implementation

Post organizer

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Sample Paragraph 4Everyone's room reflects there personality. As you come into my room there are team pennates around all four walls. I have two beds and in the center is a night stand. On the left wall by my bed is a tall book shelf and farther on down is a stereo cabnent. Oposite the bed is a big clothes chest wit a big mirror comeing up from the center. Right near the door way is a desk, and left of the desk is a walk in claset. My room is very sporty and also a typical teenage room.

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